@article { author = {Rastogi, Nikhil and Singh, Indu}, title = {Levels of natural radioactivity in environment in residential area of Moradabad District, Western Uttar Pradesh}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59565}, abstract = {Indoor radon and thoron have been measured in the houses ofMoradabad District, Uttar Pradesh India, by means of solid state nuclear trackdetectors. Radon, an invisible radioactive gas, occurs naturally in indooratmospheres and along with thoron is the most important contribution of humanexposure to natural sources. Radon exists in soil gas building materials and indooratmosphere to name but a few. Risk of lung cancer depends on the concentrationof radon and thoron and their decay products in the environment aboverecommended levels. The present article measures the concentration of indoorradon and thoron in 60 dosimeters by means of a solid state nuclear track detectorin different house types of Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh. The measurementshave been carried out in residential buildings at a height of 2 m from the sea level,using a twin chamber radon dosimeter. The value of radon concentration in thepresent study varies between 10.5 Bq/m3 and 29.5 Bq/m3 with an average of 19.8Bq/m3 while that of thoron is between 5.6 Bq/m3 and 24 Bq/m3 with an average of14.9 Bq/m3 respectively. Results, obtained with twin cup radon/thoron dosimeter,show that the concentration of indoor radon and thoron have been within therecommended level, with all the values staying under the safe limits, decreed bythe International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and UnitedNations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).}, keywords = {dosimeter,radon/thoron,residential buildings,solid state nuclear track detector}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59565.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59565_d85f3559087d2c5feda4b210137473ab.pdf} } @article { author = {Amini, Imaneh and Tahmourespour, Arezoo and Abdollahi, Atousa}, title = {Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas species}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {9-19}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59566}, abstract = {Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxic compounds widely distributed in the environment by bacteria, is a cheap and safe cleaning up method. The present study attempts to isolate and characterize dioxygenase-producing bacteria which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene from refinery soils. It also aims to assess in vitro biodegradation. To do so, two contaminated soil samples were collected from Isfahan-Iran refinery. The population of phenanthrene and pyrene degrading bacteria were 2.17 × 103 and 1.19 × 103 CFU/g in sample 1 and  21.50 × 103 and 19.40 × 103 CFU/g in sample 2. A sum of 18 phenanthrene and pyrene degrading bacteria were isolated using enrichment culture technique, three of them getting selected which had dioxygenase activity and produced biosurfactant. Identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida ATAI18, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATAI19, and Pseudomonas stutzeri ATAI21, they were submitted to GenBank under the accession number of KF113842, KF113843, and KF113845 respectively. The degradation rate of pyrene (50 mg/L) by strains ATAI18 and ATAI19 was 45.32% and 31.23%, respectively. The strain ATAI21 degraded 39.38% of phenanthrene (50 mg/L) after 9 days. These isolated bacteria can be used to improve microbial population of other hydrocarbon-polluted soils for faster bioremediation of such areas.}, keywords = {biosurfactant,dioxygenase,Phenanthrene,Pseudomonas sp,pyrene}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59566.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59566_64dd93735e06dc7d1f892493ccba7b48.pdf} } @article { author = {Hedayati, Aliakbar and Darabitabar, Fatemeh}, title = {Lethal and sub-lethal impacts of lead on some hematological, biochemical and immunological indices in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus)}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {21-27}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59567}, abstract = {The present study has been conducted on Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus) so that the impact of different concentrations lead on blood hematological, biochemical, and immunological indicators could be investigated. The roach (Rutilus rutilus), used in this study, was 3.3±0.3 g heavy and 4±0.80 cm long in average. The fish were exposed to a low concentration of 10% LC50 and high concentration of 50% LC50 lead for a period of 0, 24, 48, and 96 h. The experiment was done in a static toxicity condition, within tanks of 400L, each including 14 fish. In the 96-hour period (10% LC50 Lead), the parameters of WBC and RBC dropped significantly in comparison to the control group (0 h) (P<0.05). MCV and MCH elevated as the exposure time ascended up to 96 h (P<0.05), but the cortisol decreased in the meantime. In the 96-hour period (50% LC50 Lead) RBC, Hb and Hct parameters plummeted towards the control group (P<0.05). Heavy metals can change physiological and biochemical parameters in fish blood. The results show that lead (10% LC50 and 50% LC50 concentration Lead) may poison the fish, causing their death. The major toxicity belongs to the 50% LC50 concentration Lead.}, keywords = {Blood parameters,Caspian Roach,lead,physiological,toxicity}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59567.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59567_288284da215d6c52ba62be6cee6626ee.pdf} } @article { author = {Asrari, Elham and Avatefi Nezhad, Goltab}, title = {Evaluation of Cadmium Removal from the Water in Phytoremeiation Process Using Eichhornia crassipes}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {29-38}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59569}, abstract = {Conserving water resources and protecting them from pollution are of high account in the natural cycle of our life. This study has tried to determine the refining potential and capacity of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in order to remove the cadmium from water, studying the influence of factors such as initial concentration of cadmium, contact time, absorbent mass, and pH. Results have shown that the best efficiency of cadmium, more than 99%, was obtained in the optimum conditions (i.e. retention time of 30 hours, adsorbent dose of three plants (12 stems), and pH=6.6). By increasing the initial concentration of cadmium from 0.28 to 8.28 mg/L, the elimination efficiency did not change; moreover, by increasing the absorbent mass, the elimination efficiency increased from 98.4 to 99.8 and the lowest retention time was obtained for the balance. All experiments have been repeated three times, showing in the end that water hyacinth is able to absorb cadmium up to 8.28 mg/L. This process follows Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.98). Results of this study indicate that this plant can grow well at high levels of cadmium and the growth of water hyacinth is better in the presence of cadmium than control conditions (city water). Finally, it can be concluded that it is necessary to provide a reliable, cheap, and fast method to eliminate pollution. Eichhornia crassipes, a promising plant with great functionality, can be used as a refiner in order to eliminate the heavy metals in wastewater (sewage) effluents, particularly industrial sewage. }, keywords = {Adsorbent,Cadmium,Phytoremediation,water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59569.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59569_cd29c99f54fdb499100e44517001e22d.pdf} } @article { author = {Singh, Pardeep and Borthakur, A. and Singh, R. and Awasthi, Sh. and Pal, D.B. and Srivastava, P. and Tiwary, D. and Mishra, P.K.}, title = {Utilization of temple floral waste for extraction of valuable products: A close loop approach towards environmental sustainability and waste management}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {39-45}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59570}, abstract = {This study presents the natural dye recovery from various biodegradable temple and household wastes. The raw material for colour extraction consisted residual flowers and garlands from various temples as well as onion and vegetables peels from vegetable markets, university hostels, and households, which were washed, dried, crushed, and sieved. The extracted natural colours were produced by means of ultra-sonication, and were dried in the spray drier, being characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectrophotometers. They were used to dye various fabrics such as cotton, silk, and wool, not to mention different mordents. It was found out that the remaining residue, left after dye extraction, was rich in nutrients, hence, it could be further used as the resource material, itself. As a result, we explored these residual wastes for vermicomposting and biochar production, which can be further employed as an organic fertilizer for agriculture. Overall, the present waste management approach will lead to a closed-loop environmental management through waste reduction and reutilization. It will also provide value-added materials for economic gains from waste. Thus, it can be promoted as a potential mechanism to maintain the environmental sustainability at wider scales.}, keywords = {economic sustainability,natural colour extraction,waste management}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59570.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59570_e4adac9331aeaef040dac2860d828819.pdf} } @article { author = {Najam, Laith and Karim, Mahmood and Hameed, Taghreed}, title = {Evaluation of natural radioactivity of soil samples from different regions of Wassit governorate}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {47-53}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59572}, abstract = {The present paper measures natural radioactivity in different areas of Wassit governorate, using (HPGe) detector. Gamma spectrum analysis for each sample along with caululated specific activity show that the average concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 have been 19.420±4.7 Bq/kg, 18.487±5.05 Bq/kg, and 204.266±46.9 Bq/kg respectively, which is lower than the worldwide average value. While the average value of Radium equivalent, absorbed dose, indoor and outdoor annual effective dose, activity index, and internal and external hazard index for each sample have been found to be 85.182 Bq/kg, 39.962 nGy/h, 0.196 mSv/y, 0.049 mSv/y, 0.374, 0.313, 0.309, and 0.230 respectively, all of them are lower than the permissibility limit value.}, keywords = {hazard indices,HPGe detector,natural radioactivity,radium equivalent,Soil,Wassit governorate}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59572.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59572_289cdb867a06b609cea4d3d7285892a0.pdf} } @article { author = {Usharani, K. and Sruthilaya, K. and Divya, K.}, title = {Determination of nitrate utilization efficiency of selective strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from Eutrophic Lake, Theerthamkara, Kasaragod, Kerala}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {55-67}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59573}, abstract = {Nitrate pollutants increase the growth of algal bloom, resulting in fresh water eutrophication. The high nitrogen level in wastewater has become a growing concern, which has risen the necessity to develop efficient nitrogen removal techniques. Biological denitrification, which is the reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds like nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen compounds, is the most important and widely used method to treat nitrate wastes as it enables the transformation of nitrogen compounds into harmless nitrogen gas. As such, this study collected samples from Eutrophic Lake, picking isolates of bacterial strain with good growth rates in the nitrate medium. The selected bacterial strains were cultured on media 1and 2 and by means of UV-visible spectrophotometer, the nitrate removal efficiency and growth were detected at 410 nm and 600 nm OD respectively. After comparing three bacterial strains, it was found that RN1 had a higher efficiency in nitrate removal at 1000ppm nitrate concentration. At an optimum temperature of 37°C, pH of 7, and agitation of 121 rpm, after 432 hrs of the treatment, RN1 showed an optimum growth, equal to 0.1859 OD in 1000ppm nitrate solution with dextrose. Also the spectral analysis of RN1 strain showed 85% removal efficiency, thus making this strain the best one. Confirmed and identified as Bacillus species, it can be recommended for the bioremoval process of nitrate from wastewater.}, keywords = {Bacillus sp,bioremoval process,eutrophic water,Nitrate}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59573.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59573_ef781a875a889b29bff4abe9d5b0e875.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, Mutala and Boateng, Kofi}, title = {Evaluation of pesticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and the potential health risk to consumers in urban areas of Ghana}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {69-80}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59574}, abstract = {Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, and Accra are the major recipients of agricultural commodities or productions in Ghana, primarily due to their population and ready markets. To ensure food security, meet food demands, and mitigate the threats posed by pests and diseases, pesticides are used when cultivating vegetables and fruits in Ghana. The present study has been conducted to assess the concentration of various pesticide residues in tomatoes, obtained from three market centers (namely Bantama, Central, and Ayigya Markets) in Kumasi, dealing with potential health risks for the consumers. Analyzed samples have revealed high percentage of organophosphorous pesticide residues (45%) in Ayigya market with Bantama market recording high percentage of organochlorines and pyrethroid. Laboratory analysis of tomato samples for various pesticides residues has indicated that all the pesticide residues pose no threat to human’s health with all estimated hazard indices being below 1; however, heptachlor (HI=0.85) and dieldrin (HI=0.74) have shown the highest risk levels in children. The study reveals that there is some need for strict monitoring of heptachlor and dieldrin in tomato, especially in case of children.}, keywords = {hazard index,organophosphorous organochlorines,pesticide residues,pyrethroid}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59574.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59574_3b3e5b828a5d1d41bc57c41d4bbd103c.pdf} } @article { author = {Asadollahfardi, Gholamreza and Panahandeh, Azadeh and Khalvati, Amir Ali and Sekhavati, Ali}, title = {Life cycle assessment of construction phase of monorail project in Qom, Iran}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {81-99}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59575}, abstract = {Transportation is an important part of modern community life as well as one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in urban communities, the population growth of which can increase transportation capacity. Monorail systems are relatively new rail transportation systems which are currently being designed and constructed in different countries. We have applied the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to deal with global warming and Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University (Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden), CML 2001, to evaluate the potential of acid raining. In order to analyze both mentioned methods, Sima Pro7.1 has been used. Initially the research-related data have been prepared from Qom Monorail workplace. Moreover the sensitivity analysis has been performed on the results, which indicated that the potential of causing global warming in the construction phase for a period of 100 years was equal to 26875.07 kg CO2eq. /km. person. The reinforcement bar with 32%, concrete with 30%, and diesel fuel with 15% enjoyed the lion’s share in terms of global warming creation. The likelihood of acid raining formation was equal to 101.876 kg SO2eq. /km. person. Diesel fuel contributed the most portion to the formation of acid raining (31%) with reinforcement bar and concrete in the second (30%) and third (13%) places. For result validation, the BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software has applied with the sensitivity analysis, indicating that the first and second effective parameters on the results were the amount of reinforcement bar and diesel fuel. Hence, reduction of reinforcement bars, concrete, and diesel (respectively) have the most influence on mitigation of global warming and acid raining effects of Qom monorail project.}, keywords = {acid raining,Global warming,Life cycle assessment,Qom monorail}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59575.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59575_40370bcc3be26b1707a2253c75c7678a.pdf} } @article { author = {Papizadeh, Moslem and Roayaei Ardakani, Mohammad and Motamedi, Hossein}, title = {Growth-phase dependent biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene by Enterobacter sp. strain NISOC-03}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {101-111}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59576}, abstract = {Petroleum-polluted soil samples from Ahvaz oilfield were enriched, using three methods to detect microorganisms with different dibenzothiophene degradation capabilities. Strain NISOC-03, a nitrate-reducing, oxidase negative, catalase, citrate, and urease positive, gram negative rod, showed interesting dibenzothiophene desulfurization behavior, designated as Entreobacter sp. strain NISOC-03 based on phenotype and genotype analyses. Gas chromatography, biomass measurement, and Gibb’s assay showed that in the presence of benzoate as the carbon source, strain NISOC-03 utilized 64% of 0.8 mM dibenzothiophene, producing 0.27 mM phenyl phenol during the exponential growth phase, though the produced phenyl phenol was degraded in the stationary growth phase. In the presence of glucose as the carbon source, however, strain NISOC-03 metabolized only 19.6% of 0.8 mM dibenzothiophene. Furthermore, replacing glucose with ethanol or glycerol led to the same reduction of the dibenzothiophene utilization. It is thus concluded that the chemistry of the potential carbon source(s) in the culture medium has a significant influence on the quality and the rate of dibenzothiophene metablization, and the enrichment designation has a very vital effect on the biodegradation efficiency of the isolated microorganisms.}, keywords = {biodegradation,biodesulfurization,dibenzothiophene,enterobacter,phenyl phenol}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59576.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59576_2953db15d44cd01828cc9da529c3f37a.pdf} } @article { author = {Shojaee, Saeed and Zehtabian, Gholamreza and Jafary, Mohammad and Khosravi, Hasan}, title = {Evaluating the application of wastewater in different soil depths (Case study: Zabol)}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {113-121}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59578}, abstract = {Water scarcity, its necessity in food production, and environmental protection in the world have forced human beings to seek new water sources. Nowadays, application of unconventional water resources (wastewater) has been proposed in countries facing the crisis of water resources shortage; however, a few studies have dealt with this issue. The present study has evaluated the changes in the elements of the soil, irrigated with wastewater. For so doing, an experiment has been conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples have been collected from the studied regions at two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm and the studied parameters have included sodium, total calcium, magnesium, some acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. Three regions of study (namely no irrigation, irrigation with treated wastewater, and irrigation with river waters) have been taken into consideration. Results have shown increased calcium, magnesium, and pH of the effluent from Zabol Wastewater Treatment Plant compared to the control; however, electrical conductivity and chloride have decreased in wastewater-irrigated soil. The electrical conductivity in the surface layer of wastewater samples, treated with an amount of 2.25 (ds/m), has had the most significant difference to the control and other treatments. It can be concluded that wastewater increases some soil properties, contributing to its restoration.}, keywords = {Calcium,Electrical conductivity,Magnesium,pH,Zabol}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59578.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59578_3c59153456365c3014bca2f6789380bb.pdf} } @article { author = {Oluleye, Ayodeji and Ochei, M.}, title = {Tropospheric Ozone Pollution in Some Major Cities of West Africa and its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulations}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {123-146}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59580}, abstract = {This study utilizes a decade long (2005-2014) monthly data of Total Column Tropospheric Ozone (TCTO) in Dubson units to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of LAO over some major cities of West Africa, namely Lagos, Accra, Niamey, Abuja, Bamako, Dakar, Agadez, Conakry, Kano, and Ouagadougou which are either capital cites or major commercial hubs, where the population ranges from 0.09 million (Agadez, Niger) to over 9 million (Kano and Lagos, Nigeria). The mean (long term average) of TCTO in Lagos (Nigeria) was 34.4±0.6 DU (α=5%) for the entire period, being the highest in all major cities of this study. The lowest TCTO, 30.4±0.5 DU (α=5%), occurred in Bamako (Mali). It was also observed that the concentrations of TCTO vary seasonally. The seasonal changes in TCTO was investigated by categorizing months of the year to very dry months of December, January, and February (DJF), onset of rainy season months of March, April, and May (MAM), wet season months of June, July, and August (JJA), and end of rainy season months of September, October, and November (SON). Seasonal mean of TCTO is higher in all cities, close to the coast during DJF, and cities, north of latitude 12o N, during MAM, compared to rest of the seasons. Elevated TCTO concentrations can be attributed to transport mixing, due to the flow direction of well-known wind regime over the study area. This was established from the analysis of correlation coefficient between the mean of zonal, meridional winds, vertical wind speeds and divergence, and TCTO over region.}, keywords = {atmospheric divergence,circulations,tropospheric ozone,West Africa,wind regimes}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59580.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59580_0ee476c3f3b93eb7a4a7f19e4cd90779.pdf} } @article { author = {Negussie, Binyam and Mustefa, Jilalu}, title = {Community’s perception of utilization and disposal of plastic bags in Eastern Ethiopia}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {147-156}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59582}, abstract = {Plastics, one of the most abundant materials in the world today, are one of the main sources of pollution. People’s perception of using and disposing plastic bags is primordial as they tend to be a major part of household solid waste. This study aims to determine community’s perception of usage and disposal of plastic bags in Eastern Ethiopia. A quantitative cross-sectional study has been conducted in Harar city of Eastern Ethiopia, using a multi-stage statistical sampling technique. The data concerning all variables have been collected via pretested questionnaire and observational checklist with a response rate of 91% which has then been into SPSS and analyzed by STATA 11.0. About 51% open dump their plastic bag wastes. It has been shown that the majority (88.7%) of the responders perceived plastic bags as having environmental impacts, with 82.8% feeling a growth in their plastic bags utilization and about 54% thinking that plastic bags should be banned. It has also been illustrated that perception of plastic bags' environmental impacts and the willingness to pay for solid waste collection service has an association with plastic bag utilization. This study has found that utilization and open dumping of plastic bags rests at a significantly higher level. Community’s perceptions regarding environmental impacts of plastic bags have been at a higher level, which still requires consideration. A considerably high number of residents believe that utilization of plastic bag should be continued; therefore, a great emphasis should be given to bringing the desired attitudinal change.}, keywords = {disposal,perception,plastic bags,Utilization}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59582.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59582_9b1b62d73399271bc1363bb0324917e4.pdf} } @article { author = {Jamshidi-Zanjani, Ahmad and Khodadadi Darban, Ahmad}, title = {A review on enhancement techniques of electrokinetic soil remediation}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {157-166}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59583}, abstract = {During the last decade, the expansion of urbanization and industrial activities caused serious environmental problems such as soil pollution. Novel technologies are required to remediate soil contamination with toxic contaminants, including heavy metals and organic pollutants. In recent years, there have been increasing attempts to improve soil remediation efficiency. Electrokinetic (EK) is an emerging remediation technology for mixed contaminants, especially in low hydraulic conductivity soils. During EK remediation process, an electric field is applied to the specimen to remove the contaminants from soil by means of electro-osmotic (EO), electro-migration (EM), and electrophoresis (EP) processes. The usual EK technique may have no suitable removal efficiency or contaminants migration. Thus, enhancement techniques or their combination with other technologies are required to overcome EK limitations, increasing its efficiency. The present study reviews seven main enhancement techniques combined with EK; they include using surfactant, chelants, complexing agents, soil pH control, bioremediation, permeable reactive barriers, and ultrasonication. It should be mentioned that, selecting the suitable combination technique highly depends on the soil type and the kind of contaminant.}, keywords = {Electrokinetic,enhancement techniques,Soil remediation,Zeta potential}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59583.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59583_e8af28e2ae1adaa98832b8d8c0a4118f.pdf} } @article { author = {Molanezhad, Mahmoud}, title = {Statistical modeling of the association between pervasive precipitation anomalies in Southern Alburz and global ocean-atmospheric patterns}, journal = {Pollution}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {167-174}, year = {2017}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2383-451X}, eissn = {2383-4501}, doi = {10.22059/poll.2017.59584}, abstract = {Precipitation patterns are influenced by many factors, such as global atmospheric circulations to name but one. Precipitation patterns in Iran have always had great fluctuations even in a smaller scale like the Alburz Mountain Range. The present research has tried to find the relationship between global atmospheric patterns and the pervasive precipitation ones in Alburz. For doing so, 17 climate indices have been chosen with the correlation between these indices and the precipitation data calculated in different lag times, using a backward correlation method (from the present time to 3 months earlier). Based on the obtained correlation results, a regression modeling has been conducted that employs a backward method. As for each lag time, one equation has been offered to estimate the amount of precipitation for every single region. Results have shown that the Bivariate ENSO Time Series (BEST) and the East Pacific Oscillation (EPO) provide the highest correlation with the pervasive precipitation time series. Also, it has been demonstrated that in multivariate correlation, the efficient index to model the relation among these indices as well as precipitation in southern Alburz alters in each lag time. Both MBE and RMSE, employed to evaluate the modeling, show relatively acceptable values, implying that the equations are acceptably capable of predicting the amount of precipitation in both northern and southern Alburz.}, keywords = {Alburz,Iran,oceanic-atmospheric Indices,pervasive precipitation,Regression modeling}, url = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59584.html}, eprint = {https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59584_542cac7a43ef095e89326a7264e07e69.pdf} }