1 - Study of Pollutant Dispersion in Finite Layers of Semi-infinite Geological Formation https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80600.html 10.22059/poll.2020.307324.861 1 The present study deals with groundwater pollution in multilayer aquifer. The model is based on decomposition of finite layers in semi-infinite groundwater reservoir. A constant pollutant source is injected at the input boundary of the uppermost layer (UML) of the landfill. At the intermediate inlet boundary, some average value for the longitudinal exchange of the input source concentration in each sub-layer is considered from the previous layer. Initially, the aquifer is not solute free in each sub layer that means some constant background contaminant concentration exists. In each sub layer, concentration gradient is assumed to be zero at the extreme boundary. The linear sorption and first orders decay terms are considered to model the groundwater pollution in multilayer aquifer. The Laplace transform technique is adopted to solve one-dimensional (1D) advection-dispersion equation (ADE). This approach is helpful to understand the solute migration in finite sub layers. The results are elucidated for the different time periods to examine the peak of pollutant concentration level in geological formations. 0 - 257 274 - - Mritunjay Kumar Singh Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India India drmks29@iitism.ac.in - - Sohini Rajput Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India India sohinirajput11sep@gmail.com Advection dispersion Pollutant transport Multilayer aquifer Porous media Al-Niami, A. N. S. and Rushton, K. R. (1979). Dispersion in stratified porous media, Water##Resour. Res., 15(5); 1044-1048.##Chatterjee, A. and Singh, M. K. (2018). Two-dimensional advection-dispersion equation with##depth-dependent variable source concentration. Pollut., 4(1); 1-8.##Pollution 2021, 7(2): 257-274 273##Chen, J. S. and Liu, C. W. (2012). Generalized analytical solution for advection dispersion equation in finite spatial domain with arbitrary time-dependent inlet boundary condition. Hydrol. and Earth Sys. Sci., 15(8); 2471-2479. Chen, J. S., Lai, K. H., Liu, C. W. and Ni, C. F. (2012). A novel method for analytically solving multi-species advective–dispersive transport equations sequentially coupled with first-order decay reactions. J. Hydrol., 420; 191-204.##Corey, J. C., Hawkins, R. H., Overman, R. F. and Green, R. E. (1970). Miscible displacement measurements within laboratory columns using the gamma photo neutron method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 34(6); 854-858.##Crank, J. (1979): The mathematics of diffusion. Oxford University Press.##Ebach, E. H. and White R. (1958). The mixing of fluids flowing through packed solids. J. Am. Inst. Chem. Engg., 4; 161-164. Freeze, R. A. and Cherry, J. A. (1979). Groundwater. Pretice-Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Gangopadhyay, S. and Gupta, A. D. (1995). Simulation of salt-water encroachment in a multilayer groundwater system, Bangkok, Thailand. Hydrogeol. J. 3(4); 74-88.##Gelhar, L.W., Welty, C. and Rehfeldt, K. R. (1992). A critical review of data on field-scale dispersion in aquifers. Water Resour. Res., 28(7); 1955-1974.##Gelher, L. W. and Collins, M. A. (1971). General analysis of longitudinal dispersion in non-uniform flow. Water Resour. Res., 7; 1511-1521.##Gershon, N. D. and Nir, A. (1969). Effects of boundary conditions of models on tracer distribution in flow through porous medium. Water Resour. Res., 5(4); 830-839. Ghamariadyan, M., Meraji, S. H. and Ghaheri, A. (2016). Solute Transport In Two Layered Porous Media (Separated Diagonally) Using Suitable DQM Scheme. Guerrero, J. P., Pimentel, L. C. G. and Skaggs, T. H. (2013). Analytical solution for the advection–dispersion transport equation in layered media. Int. J. Heat and Mass Trans., 56(1-2); 274-282. Higashi, K. and Pigford, T. H. (1980). Analytical models for migration of radionuclides in geologic sorbing media. J. Nuclear Sci. and Tech., 17(9); 700-709. Kumar, R., Chatterjee, A., Singh, M. K. and Singh, V. P. (2020). Study of Solute Dispersion with Source/Sink Impact in Semi-Infinite Porous Medium. Pollut., 6(1); 87-98. Leij, F. J. and Van Genuchten, M. T. (1995). Approximate analytical solutions for solute transport in two-layer porous media. Trans. Por. Media., 18(1); 65-85. Li, Y. C. and Cleall, P. J. (2011). Analytical solutions for advective–dispersive solute transport in double‐layered finite porous media. Int. J. Num. & Anal. Methods Geomech., 35(4); 438-460. Liu, C., Ball, W. P. and Ellis, J. H. (1998). An analytical solution to the one-dimensional solute advection-dispersion equation in multilayer porous media. Trans. Por. media, 30(1); 25-43. Manger, G. E. (1963). Porosity and bulk density of sedimentary rocks.##Ogata, A. (1970). Theory of dispersion in a granular medium. US Government Printing Office, Washington. Rowe, R. K. and Booker, J. R. (1985). 1-D pollutant migration in soils of finite depth. J. Geotech. Eng., 111(4); 479-499.##Saied, E. A. and Khalifa, M. E. (2002). Analytical solutions for groundwater flow and transport equation. Transp. Por. Medi., 47; 295-308.##Sim Y. and Chrysikopoulos C. V. (1999). Analytic solution for solute transport in saturated porous media with semi-infinite or finite thickness. Adv. Water Res., 22(5); 507-519. Singh, M. K. and Das, P. (2015). Scale dependent solute dispersion with linear isotherm in heterogeneous medium. J. Hydrol., 520; 289-299.##Singh, M. K. and Kumari, P. (2014). Contaminant concentration prediction along unsteady groundwater flow. In: Basu S., Kumar N. (eds.) Modelling and Simulation of Diffusive Processes. Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications. Springer Cham, pp. 257-275.##274 Singh & Rajput##Singh, M. K., Ahamad, S. and Singh, V. P. (2014). One-dimensional uniform and time varying solute dispersion along transient groundwater flow in a semi-infinite aquifer. Acta Geophy., 62(4); 872–892. Singh, M. K., Singh, R. K. and Pasupuleti, S. (2020). Study of forward–backward solute dispersion profiles in a semi-infinite groundwater system. Hydrologic. Sci. J., 65(8); 1416-1429.##Singh, M. K., Mahato, N. K. and Kumar, N. (2015). Pollutant’s horizontal dispersion along and against sinusoidally varying velocity from a pulse type point source. Acta Geophysica, 63(1); pp.214-231.##Smedt, F. D. (2006). Analytical solution for transport of decaying solutes in rivers with transient storage. J. Hydrol., 330(3-4); 672–680.##Srinivasan, V. and Clement, T. P. (2008). An analytical solution for sequentially coupled one-dimensional reactive transport problems. 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1 - Do Technological Innovation And Renewable Energy Consumption in Japan Important For Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions? https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80601.html 10.22059/poll.2020.312886.925 1 With growing global warming issues, the association between technological innovation and environmental pollution has created significant debate in recent years. This paper examines the long-run and causal impact of technological innovation, economic growth, and renewable energy on consumption-based carbon emissions in Japan. The study utilized quarterly data spanning between 1990 and 2015. The study utilized recent econometrics techniques such as Maki co-integration, ARDL bunds test, FMOLS, DOLS, and frequency domain causality techniques. To the author's understanding, no prior studies have been conducted in Japan using consumption-based carbon emissions as a proxy of environmental degradation. Thus, this empirical analysis contributes to the literature. The findings from the ARDL bounds and Maki co-integration tests revealed evidence of co-integration among the series. The results of FMOLS and DOLS reveal that both renewable energy and technological innovation improve the environmental quality, while economic growth harms the quality of the environment. The results of the frequency-domain causality technique reveal that technological innovation, renewable energy, and economic growth can significantly predict consumption-based carbon emissions in Japan. Based on these outcomes, we suggested that Japan's government should be careful when formulating policies that trigger growth, which will have a detrimental impact on the environmental quality. Our empirical outcome also revealed that any policy that encourages renewable energy should be encouraged since it enhances environmental quality. 0 - 275 291 - - Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10-Turkey Turkey twaikline@gmail.com - - Ibrahim Adesola School of Computing and Technology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10-Turkey Turkey ibrahim.adeshola@emu.edu.tr - - Modupe Oyebanji Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, European University of Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10-Turkey Turkey modupeoyebanji@yahoo.com - - Oseyenbhin Sunday Osemeahon Management Information Systems, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10-Turkey Turkey ose.sunday@gmail.com Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions economic growth Renewable Energy Consumption technological innovation Japan Adebayo, T. S. (2020a). 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1 - The Impact of RDF Valorization on the Leachate Quality and on Emissions from Cement Kiln (Case Study of a Region in Morocco) https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80602.html 10.22059/poll.2021.309346.890 1 Energy recovery is a sustainable method of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The co-incineration of refuse derived fuel (RDF) has shown several economic and environmental advantages. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of RDF recovery on leachate quality using leachate tests and calculation of greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction in the kilns of a cement plant. The qualitative results of the eluate show that there is an impact on leachate quality depending on the type of waste. The values of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), electrical conductivity and pH of the leachate from the raw waste after 120 hours of leaching are 29.33 gO2/kg DM, 14.00 g O2/kg DM, 4.27 ms/cm and 7.57. On the other hand, the values of the same quality parameters of the eluate generated by the waste without RDF are 19.33 g O2/kg DM, 20.67 g O2/kg DM, 2.77 ms/cm and 7.13; respectively. The calculation of GHG reduction shows that the substitution of 83,000 tonnes per year of petroleum coke by 15% of RDF (25,493 tonnes per year) can reduces 28,970 tCO2 eq. 0 - 293 307 - - Abdellah Ouigmane Team of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment. University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Team of Agro-Industrial and Environmental Processes. University of Sultan of Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco ouigmaneabdellah@gmail.com - - Otmane Boudouch Team of Agro-Industrial and Environmental Processes. University of Sultan of Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco oboudouch@gmail.com - - Aziz Hasib Team of Agro-Industrial and Environmental Processes. University of Sultan of Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco azhasib@yahoo.fr - - Omar Ouhsine Team of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment. University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco mr.ouhsine@gmail.com - - El Hassan Abba Team of Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Natural Resources Management,Higher School of Technology Khenifra, University of Sultan MoulaySlimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco abbaelhassan@gmail.com - - Rima J. Isaifan Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar Qatar risaifan@hbku.edu.qa - - Mohamed Berkani Team of Applied Spectro-Chemometry and Environment. University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, BeniMellal, Morocco Morocco m.berkani@gmx.fr Greenhouse Gases Leaching test Morocco Municipal solid waste Refuse-derived fuel Abbas, A.A.,Jingsong, G., Ping, L.Z., Ya, P.Y. and Al-Rekabi, W.S. (2009). Review on landfill leachate treatment. Am. J. Appl. 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1 - Efficacy of Photocatalytic HEPA Filter on Reducing Bacteria and Fungi Spores in the Presence of UVC and UVA Lights https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80603.html 10.22059/poll.2021.311399.916 1 The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of a hospital is very important to properly protect both patients and the staff against hospital infections. The present study aims at evaluating the efficiency of photocatalytic filters as well as the impact of important factors such as the type of UV wavelength (UVC, UVA) with different intensities and loading rates of TiO2 in HEPA Filters on reducing airborne microorganisms. For so doing, it has prepared photocatalytic filters by dipping them into 2% and 4% titanium dioxide suspensions as low and high loading, respectively. The experiments have been carried out on four species’ microorganisms, namely Epidermidis, Subtilis, Niger, and Penicillium. Fungi and bacteria suspensions have been prepared with concentrations of 106, 107 CFU/m3, respectively. In terms of microorganism removal, the efficiency of HEPA filters in both types of TiO2 loading and UVC and UVA radiations with two intensities at three times intervals (60, 90, and 120 min) have been investigated. Results show that lower penetration microorganism belong to PCO (TiO2 + UV), compared to photolysis (UV alone) at all intervals of UV radiation. TiO2 loading has no significant effect on percentage removal in all microorganisms. The percentage penetration of microorganisms under UVC radiation is lower than UVA radiation. Also, increasing the radiation intensity in both types of UV shows that it has higher effectiveness for removing bacteria and fungi. Therefore, the use of photocatalytic HEPA filters with UVC radiation can play an influential role in reduction of the microorganisms in different places such as hospitals, cleanrooms, etc. 0 - 309 319 - - Tahereh Mousavi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran t.mousavi67@gmail.com - - Farideh Golbabaei Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran fgolbabaei@tums.ac.ir - - Mehrdad Helmi Kohneshahri Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran m.hk680925@gmail.com - - Mohammad Reza Pourmand Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran mpourmand@tums.ac.ir - - Sassan Rezaie Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran srezaie@sina.tums.ac.ir - - Mostafa Hosseini Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran hoseinim@tums.ac.ir - - Ali Karimi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran a_karimi@sina.tums.ac.ir Photocatalytic oxidation photolysis Airborne microorganisms High efficiency particulate air Filter UV radiation Ao, C. and Lee, S. (2005). Indoor air purification by photocatalyst TiO2 immobilized on an activated carbon filter installed in an air cleaner. Chemical engineering science., 60; 103-109.##Bao, L., Seki, K., Niinuma, H., Otani, Y., Balgis, R., Ogi, T., Gradon, L. and Okuyama, K. (2016). Verification of slip flow in nanofiber filter media through pressure drop measurement at low-pressure conditions. Separation and purification technology., 159; 100-107.##Benabbou, A., Derriche, Z., Felix, C., Lejeune, P. and Guillard, C. (2007). Photocatalytic inactivation of Escherischia coli: Effect of concentration of TiO2 and microorganism, nature, and intensity of UV irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental., 76; 257-263.##Bodzek, M. and Rajca, M. (2012). Photocatalysis in the treatment and disinfection of water. Part I. Theoretical backgrounds/Fotokataliza w oczyszczaniu i dezynfekcji wody część i. podstawy teoretyczne. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 19, 489-512.##Cadet, J., Sage, E. and Douki, T. (2005). Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis., 571; 3-17.##Chotigawin, R., Sribenjalux, P., Supothina, S., Johns, J., Charerntanyarak, L. and Chuaybamroong , P. (2010). Airborne microorganism disinfection by photocatalytic HEPA filter. Environment Asia., 3; 1-7.##Chuaybamroong, P., Chotigawin, R., Supothina, S., Sribenjalux, P., Larpkiattaworn, S. and WU, C. Y. (2010). Efficacy of photocatalytic HEPA filter on microorganism removal. Indoor Air., 20; 246-254.##Greist, H., Hingorani, S., Kelley, K. and Goswami, D. (2002). Using scanning electron microscopy to visualize photocatalytic mineralization of airborne microorganisms. Indoor Air, 2002, 9th.##Gupta, S. M. and Tripathi, M. (2011). A review of TiO2 nanoparticles. Chinese Science Bulletin., 56; 1639-1657.##Huang, Y., Ho, S. S. H., Lu, Y., Niu, R., Xu, L., Cao, J. and Lee, S. (2016). Removal of indoor volatile organic compounds via photocatalytic oxidation: a short review and prospect. Molecules, 21, 56.##Keller, V., Keller, N., Ledoux, M. J. and Lett, M.-C. (2005). Biological agent inactivation in a flowing air stream by photocatalysis. Chemical communications, 2918-2920.##Kuehn, T. H. (2003). Airborne infection control in health care facilities. Journal of solar energy engineering., 125; 366-371.##Leung, M. and Chan, A. H. (2006). Control and management of hospital indoor air quality. Medical science monitor., 12; SR17-SR23.##Lin, C.-Y. and Li, C.-S. (2003). Inactivation of microorganisms on the photocatalytic surfaces in air. Aerosol Science and Technology., 37; 939-946.##Mo, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Lamson, J. J. and Zhao, R. (2009). Photocatalytic purification of volatile organic compounds in indoor air: a literature review. Atmospheric environment., 43; 2229-2246.##Pollution 2021, 7(2): 309-319 319##Mousavi, T., Golbabaei, F., Pourmand, M. R., Rezaei, S., Hosseini, M., Helmi Kohneshahri, M., Masoorian, E. and Karimi, A. (2017). Evaluating the efficiency of UVC radiation on HEPA filters to remove airborne microorganisms. Health and Safety at Work, 7, 111-120.##Oguma, K., Katayama, H. and Ohgaki, S. (2002). Photoreactivation of Escherichia coli after low-or medium-pressure UV disinfection determined by an endonuclease sensitive site assay. Applied and environmental microbiology, 68, 6029-6035.##Pal, A., Pehkonen, S. O., Liya, E. Y. and Ray, M. B. (2007). Photocatalytic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using fluorescent light. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry., 186; 335-341.##Rengasamy, A., Zhuang, Z. and Berryann, R. (2004). Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: literature review and research needs. American journal of infection control., 32; 345-354.##Stamate, M. and Lazar, G. (2007). Application of titanium dioxide photocatalysis to create self-cleaning materials. Modeling and Optimization in the Machines Building Field (MOCM)., 13; 280-285.##Thi Tuyet Nhung, L., Nagata, H., Takahashi, A., Aihara, M., Okamoto, T., Shimohata, T., Mawatari, K., Akutagawa, M., Kinouchi, Y. and Haraguchi, M. (2012). Sterilization effect of UV light on Bacillus spores using TiO2 films depends on wavelength. The Journal of Medical Investigation., 59; 53-58.##Vequizo, J. J. M., Matsunaga, H., IshikuS, T., Kamimura, S., Ohno, T. and Yamakata, A. (2017). Trapping-induced enhancement of photocatalytic activity on brookite TiO2 powders: comparison with anatase and rutile TiO2 powders. ACS Catalysis, 7, 2644-2651.##Vohra, A., Goswami, D., Deshpande, D. and Block, S. (2006). Enhanced photocatalytic disinfection of indoor air. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental., 64; 57-65.##Yang, X. and Wang, Y. (2008). Photocatalytic effect on plasmid DNA damage under different UV irradiation time. Building and Environment, 43, 253-257.##Zacarias, S. M., Satuf, M. L., Vaccari, M. C. and Alfano, O. M. (2015). Photocatalytic inactivation of bacterial spores using TiO2 films with silver deposits. Chemical Engineering Journal., 266; 133-140.##Zhang, J., Zhou, P., Liu, J. and Yu, J. (2014). New understanding of the difference of photocatalytic activity among anatase, rutile and brookite TiO2. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics., 16; 20382-20386.##Zhang, M., An, T., Fu, J., Sheng, G., Wang, X., Hu, X. and Ding, X. (2006). Photocatalytic degradation of mixed gaseous carbonyl compounds at low level on adsorptive TiO2/SiO2 photocatalyst using a fluidized bed reactor. Chemosphere., 64; 423-431.##Zhao, J., Krishna, V., Hua, B., Moudgil, B. and Koopman, B. (2009). Effect of UVA irradiance on photocatalytic and UVA inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology., 94; 96-100.##Zhao, J. and Yang, X. (2003). Photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air purification: a literature review. Building and Environment., 38; 645-654.##Zuo, G.-M., Cheng, Z.-X., Chen, H., Li, G.-W. and Miao, T. (2006). Study on photocatalytic degradation of several volatile organic compounds. Journal of hazardous materials, 128, 158-163.##

1 - Efficiency of humic acid from various organic sources for reducing hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80604.html 10.22059/poll.2021.308924.880 1 In this study, efficiency of humic acids (HAs) derived from various sources to reduce CrVI in aqueous solutions was compared. HAs were extracted from leonardite, peat moss, peat, cocopeat, coal, common char, biochar, vermicompost and sewage sludge. Some chemical and spectral characteristics of the extracted HAs were measured. Then, the reducing efficiency of HAs was measured and its relationship with the determined properties was investigated. To measure the reducing efficiency of HAs, a concentration of 0.1 mM CrVI (as potassium dichromate) in a sodium nitrate solution (0.03M) with a pH of 2 and in the presence of 100 mg of HA per liter was used. The experiment was conducted in three ways (symbolized by E1, E2 and E3). They differ from each other with respect to the method of phosphate buffer addition to release CrVI ions adsorbed by HA. This buffer was added to an aliquot of final extract, to the whole volume of final suspension and to initial solution containing CrVI in experiments E1, E2 and E3, respectively. According to the results, the CrVI reducing efficiency depends not only on the nature of HA but on the method of experiment. The minimum reducing efficiency was observed for common char using experiment E2 and the maximum value was for biochar and cocopeat in all three experiments. The results showed that the two factors of ΔlogK and maximum reducing efficiency in the format of a multiple regression had a significant relationship with CrVI reducing efficiency of HAs. 0 - 321 331 - - Parisa Moradkhani Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran Iran p_moradkhani@yahoo.com - - Shahin Oustan Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran Iran oustan@hotmail.com - - Adel Reyhanitabar Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran Iran areyhanitabar@yahoo.com - - Leila Alidokht Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran Iran alidokht_68@yahoo.com Biochar cocopeat CrVI reducing efficiency Phosphate buffer Aldmour, S.T., Burke, I.T., Bray, A.W., Baker, D.L., Ross, A.B., Gill, F.L. Cibin, G., Ries, M.E. and Stewart D.I. (2019). Abiotic reduction of Cr(VI) by humic acids derived from peat and lignite: kinetics and removal mechanism. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res., 26; 4717–4729.##Amir, S., Hadi, M., Bailly, J.R. and Revel, J.C. (2003). Characterization of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge during composting and of their Sephadex® gel fractions. Agronomie, 23; 269–275.##Ashton Acton, Q. (2013). Phenols: Advances in research and application. (Atlanta, Georgia: ScholarlyEditions).##Asing, J., Wong, N.C. and Lau, S. (2009). Optimization of extraction method and characterization of humic acid derived from coals and composts. J. Trop. Agric., 37(2); 211–223.##Brose, D. and James, B. (2010). Oxidation-reduction transformations of chromium in aerobic soils and the role of electron-shuttling quinones. Environ. Sci. Technol., 44; 9438–9444.##Celano, G., Šmejkalová, D., Spaccini, R. and Piccolo, A. (2008). Interactions of three s-triazines with humic acids of different structure. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(16); 7360–7366.##330 Moradkhani et al.##Cerqueira, S. da C.A., Romão, L.P.C., Lucas, S.C.O., Fraga, L.E., Simões, M.L., Hammer, P., Lead, J.R., Mangoni, A.P. and Mangrich, A.S. (2012). Spectroscopic characterization of the reduction and removal of chromium (VI) by tropical peat and humin. Fuel, 91; 141–146.##Chen, S.Y., Huang, S.W., Chiang, P.N., Liu, J.C., Kuan, W.H., Huang, J.H., Hung, J.T., Tzou, Y.M., Chen, C.C. and Wang, M.K. (2011). Influence of chemical compositions and molecular weights of humic acids on Cr (VI) photo-reduction. J. Hazard. Mater., 197; 337–344.##Chen, Y., Senesi, N. and Schnitzer, M. (1977). Information provided on humic substances by E4/E6 ratios. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 41; 352–358.##Enev, V., Pospisilovs, L., Klucakova, M., Liptaj, T. and Doskicil, L. (2014). Spectral characterization of selected humic substances. Soil Water Res., 9 (1); 9-17.##Espinoza-Quinones, F.R., Martin, N., Stutz, G., Tirao, G., Palacio, S.M., Rizzutto, M.A., Modenes, A.N., Silva, F.G. Jr, Szymanski, N. and Kroumov, A.D. (2009). Root uptake and reduction of##hexavalent chromium by aquatic macrophytes as assessed by high-resolution X-ray emission. Water Rese., 43(17); 4159–4166.##Gao, H., Liu, Y.G., Zeng, G.M., Xu, W.H., Li, T. and Xia, W.B. (2008). Characterization of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions by a surplus agricultural waste–rice straw. J. Hazard. Mater., 150(2); 446–452.##Garcia-Gil, J. C., Plaza, C., Senesi, N., Brunetti, G. and Polo, A. (2004). Effects of sewage sludge amendment on humic acids and microbiological properties of a semiarid Mediterranean soil. Biol. Fert. Soils, 39; 320–328.##Ghabbour, E.A. and Davies, G. (2001). Humic substances: Structures, models and functions. (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry).##Haddad, G., El-Ali, F. and Mouneimne, A.H. (2015). Humic matter of compost: determination of humic spectroscopic ratio (E4/E6). Curr. Sci. Int., 4; 56–72.##Hsu, L. C., Wang, S. L., Lin, Y. C., Wang, M. K., Chiang, P. N., Liu, J.C., Kuan, W. H., Chen, C. C. and Tzou, Y. M. (2010). 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1 - Studying Some Blood Parameters of Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) in Cold and Warm Seasons as an Indicator of Pollution in Musa Creek https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80605.html 10.22059/poll.2021.317422.998 1 The present study attempts to investigate some blood parameters of Otolithes ruber during different seasons in terms of both temperature and pollution. For so doing it uses 10 specimens, for each station and season, collected from 5 polluted stations, including Petrochemical, Ghanam, Zangi, Douragh, Patil, and Sajafi as the control group, away from pollution in Musa Creek. The fish are anesthetized with 1ml of clove extract per liter. Their blood samples are taken immediately from the caudal vein, using a heparinized syringe. Afterwards, the serum is separated in a centrifuge with a speed of 6000 rpm for 2 minutes. The desired factors are measured by the Mindray BS200 auto-analyzer and the total protein level, by Bradford's usual laboratory methods. Results show that AST, ALT, ALP, Glucose, and Triglycerides have increased in more polluted stations (P≤0.05). In sheer contrast, total protein and Albumin have decreased as pollution grows (P≥0.05). According to this study, environmental water pollution of the fish has a large impact on the concentration of measured blood parameters, whereas the influence of seasonal changes on most of them is low. 0 - 333 340 - - Hamideh Ghasemi Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran ghasemi@yahoo.com - - Rahim Abdi Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran abdir351@gmail.com - - Abdulmajed Doraghi Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran doraghi@gmail.com - - Negin Salamat Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran salamat@gmail.com - - Mohammad Ali Salari-Aliabadi Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran Iran salari1346@yahoo.com temperature Heavy metals Concentrations Hematological characteristics Abdi, R., Sheibani, M.T., Adibmoradi, M. and Sharifpour, I. (2007). Histological study of liver and pancreas in adult Otolithes ruber in Bushehr, Iran. Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 15(4); 87-96.##Adedeji, O.B., Adeyemo, O.K. and Agbede, S.A. (2009). Effects of diazinon on blood parameters in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8, 3940-3946.##Alishahi, M., Mesbah, M. and Ghorbanpoor, M. (2011). Toxicity study of silver nanoparticles in four fish species. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 7, 36-41.##Aluru, N. and Vijayan, M. M. (2009). Stress transcriptomics in fish: Arole for genomic Cortisol signaling. Comp. Endocrinol., 164, 142-150.##Azarmanesh, H., Nabavi, S. M. B., Abdi, R. and Archangi, B. (2018). Effects of the Sediment Grain Size on Metabolic Reaction of Callista umbonella in Oxidative Stress Caused by Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Coast of Assaluyeh (North of the Persian Gulf). J. Oceanogr., 9(35); 11-20.##Banaee, M., Sureda, A., Zohiery, F., Hagi, B.N. and Garanzini, D.S. (2014). 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1 - Batch and Column Studies on Nickle and Cadmium Removal Using Iranian Clay-based Geopolymer https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80606.html 10.22059/poll.2021.310600.905 1 The production rate of industrial and agricultural waste is increasing due to population growth. Soil is the most important receiver of industrial and agricultural waste. Contaminants such as heavy metals in various waste after reception by the soil, immediately become part of the cycle that has different impacts on the environment. Geopolymer, as a chemical stabilizer has the potential to stabilize heavy metals in the soil. In this research, several geopolymers for the stabilization of heavy metals in soil were synthesized. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminosilicate (Al2SiO4) must be used to produce the geopolymers. Rice husk ash was used as the SiO2 source. Also, Iranian zeolite and sepiolite, and red clay soil were utilized as the source of Al2SiO4. The synthesized geopolymers were investigated for the adsorption of nickel and cadmium. Also, batch and column studies of using geopolymers for the chemical stabilization of heavy metals in soil were conducted. The results revealed a high adsorption capacity of the geopolymers. The zeolite, sepiolite, and red clay geopolymer-soil samples adsorbed 100% of the heavy metals (i.e., Ni and Cd) at a concentration of 100 ppm. The zeolite geopolymer adsorbent adsorbed 57% and 96% of Ni and Cd at a concentration of 1000 ppm, respectively. In general, it was concluded that the use of geopolymer compounds in soils with high heavy metal adsorption capacity could be an efficient approach to prevent groundwater resource pollution. 0 - 341 354 - - Somayeh Bakhtiari Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran Iran bakhtiari@sirjantech.ac.ir - - Asma Zeidabadinejad Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran Iran asmazeidabadi72@gmail.com - - Hanieh Abbaslou Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran Iran abaslou@gmail.com - - Alireza Ghanizadeh Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran Iran ghanizadeh.alireza@gmail.com Heavy metals Leaching Adsorption Zeolite sepiolite Aljeboreea, A. M, Alshirifib, A.N, Ayad F. and Alkaim A.F. (2017). Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon, Arabian J. 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P. and Dao, T.K., (2018) Leachability of heavy metals in geopolymer-based materials synthesized from red mud and rice husk ash. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing.##Park, C.K. (2000). Hydration and solidification of hazardous wastes containing heavy metalsusing modified cementitious materials, Cement. Conc. Res., 30; 429 – 435.##Phair, J.W. and Van Deventer, J.S.J. (2001). Effect of silicate activator pH on the leaching and material characteristics of waste-based inorganic polymers. Miner. Eng., 14(3); 289-304.##Podder, M. and Majumder, C. (2016). Fixed-bed column study for As (III) and As (V) removal and recovery by bacterial cells immobilized on sawdust/MnFe2O4 composite. Biochem. Eng. J., 105; 114-135.##Stabnikov, V., Chu, J., Myo, A.N. and Ivanov, V. (2013) Immobilization of sand dust and associated pollutants using bioaggregation. Water. Air. Soil Poll., 224(9); 1631.##Sun, S., Lin, J., Zhang, P., Fang, L., Ma, R., Quan, Z. and Song, X. (2018). 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1 - Effect of Biochar Amended Vermicomposting of Food and Beverage Industry Sludge along with Cow dung and Seed Germination Bioassay https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80607.html 10.22059/poll.2021.315530.961 1 Transformation of food and beverage industrial sludge into vermicompost into value-added product simultaneously can control gaseous emission. Addition of biochar in the vermicomposting as a bulking agent increases fertilizer value. This research aimed to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on vermicomposting of the food and beverage industry sludge (FBIS) and cow dung (CD) in a different ratio using earthworm Eisenia fetida. We had further investigated the survival rate of E. fetida and the cocoon productions after 35 days of the vermicomposting. Besides, we have also evaluated the seed germination bioassay using Malabar spinach (Basella alba) to determine the toxicity and maturity of produced compost. The survival and cocoon production of E. fetida were higher in vermicompost amended with 10% biochar. Vermicomposting with biochar resulted in a slight pH shift. Reduction in organic carbon (OC) percentage not so significant in biochar added FBIS and CD. An increase in phosphorus and potassium content and a decrease in nitrogen percentage observed; vermicomposting with biochar resulted in higher seed germination, root elongation, and germination index than vermicomposting without biochar. 0 - 355 365 - - Umme Fariha Tasnim Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342 Bangladesh umme.fariha42@gmail.com - - Mashura Shammi Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342 Bangladesh mashura926@gmail.com - - Md. Khabir Uddin Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342 Bangladesh khabir88@yahoo.com - - Md. Ahedul Akbor. Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh Bangladesh akborbcsir@yahoo.com Vermiculture Biochar sludge utilization Organic fertilizer soil conditioner germination APHA (American Public Health Association) (2012). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, USA, 22nd edition. Awasthi, M. K., Wang, Q., Huang, H., Li, R., Shen, F., Lahori, A. H., ... & Zhang, Z. (2016). Effect of biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emission and bio-availability of heavy metals during sewage sludge co-composting. J. Clean. Prod., 135, 829-835.##Bangladesh Biochar Initiative (2020) The Akha: "Agriculture-Friendly Stove". http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/the-akha-agriculture-friendly-stove/ and TLUD-Biochar Ecology. http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/cookstove-ecology/ Accessed 30 June 2020.##364 Tasnim et al.##Bhat, S. A., Singh, J. and Vig, A. P. (2018). Earthworms as organic waste managers and biofertilizer producers. Waste Biomass Valorization , 9(7), 1073-1086. Chen, Y. X., Huang, X. D., Han, Z. Y., Huang, X., Hu, B., Shi, D. Z. and Wu, W. X. (2010). Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar on nitrogen conservation and heavy metals immobility during pig manure composting. Chemosphere, 78(9), 1177-1181. Chowdhury, M. A., de Neergaard, A. and Jensen, L. S. (2014). Potential of aeration flow rate and bio-char addition to reduce greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during manure composting. Chemosphere, 97, 16-25. Dias, B. O., Silva, C. A., Higashikawa, F. S., Roig, A. and Sánchez-Monedero, M. A. (2010). Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure: effect on organic matter degradation and humification. Bioresour. Technol., 101(4), 1239-1246. Doan, T. T., Henry-des-Tureaux, T., Rumpel, C., Janeau, J. L. and Jouquet, P. (2015). Impact of compost, vermicompost and biochar on soil fertility, maize yield and soil erosion in Northern Vietnam: a three year mesocosm experiment. Sci. Total. Environ., 514, 147-154. Easha, N. J., Rahaman, M. S., Zaman, T. and Uddin, K. (2015). Feasibility study of vermicomposting of textile sludge mixed with cow dung and seed germination bioassay for toxicity evaluation of the produced compost. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy, 3, 27-34. Gong, X., Cai, L., Li, S., Chang, S. X., Sun, X. and An, Z. (2018). Bamboo biochar amendment improves the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida and the quality of green waste vermicompost. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 156, 197-204. Hua, L., Wu, W., Liu, Y., McBride, M. B. and Chen, Y. (2009). Reduction of nitrogen loss and Cu and Zn mobility during sludge composting with bamboo charcoal amendment. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 16(1), 1-9. Huang, L., Gu, M., Yu, P., Zhou, C. and Liu, X. (2020). Biochar and Vermicompost Amendments Affect Substrate Properties and Plant Growth of Basil and Tomato. Agronomy, 10(2), 224. International Biochar Initiative (2014). Comparison of European Biochar Certificate Version 4. 8 and IBI Biochar Standards Version 2.0. https://www.biochar-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/IBI-EBC_comparison_Oct2014.pdf accessed 30 June 2020. Jadia, C. D. and Fulekar, M. H. (2008). Vermicomposting of vegetable waste: A biophysicochemical process based on hydro-operating bioreactor. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(20). Jindo, K., Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., Hernández, T., García, C., Furukawa, T., Matsumoto, K., ... & Bastida, F. (2012). Biochar influences the microbial community structure during manure composting with agricultural wastes. Sci. Total Environ., 416, 476-481. Kiyasudeen, K., Ibrahim, M. H., Quaik, S. and Ismail, S. A. (2016). Vermicomposting: An Earthworm Mediated Waste Treatment Technique. In Prospects of Organic Waste Management and the Significance of Earthworms, 167-199. Springer, Cham. Lv, B., Cui, Y., Wei, H., Chen, Q. and Zhang, D. (2020). Elucidating the role of earthworms in N2O emission and production pathway during vermicomposting of sewage sludge and rice straw. J. Hazard. Mater., 400, 123215. Malińska, K., Zabochnicka-Świątek, M. and Dach, J. (2014). Effects of biochar amendment on ammonia emission during composting of sewage sludge. Ecol. Eng., 71, 474-478. Malińska, K., Zabochnicka-Świątek, M., Cáceres, R. and Marfà, O. (2016). The effect of precomposted sewage sludge mixture amended with biochar on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida during laboratory vermicomposting. Ecol. Eng., 90, 35-41. Méndez, A., Gómez, A., Paz-Ferreiro, J. and Gascó, G. (2012). Effects of sewage sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil. Chemosphere, 89(11), 1354-1359. Sánchez-García, M., Alburquerque, J. A., Sánchez-Monedero, M. 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1 - Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Urea Fertilizer on the Angiogenesis, Body Growth, and Liver Structure of Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) Embryos https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80678.html 10.22059/poll.2021.303119.819 1 The agricultural sector uses fertilizers such as urea to add more nutrients to the soil needed for plant growth. Although it is cost-effective in crop production, indiscriminate use of nitrate-based fertilizer may result in behavioural, morphological, and physiological alterations on non-target organisms. This study determined the angiogenesis activity in the chorioallantoic membrane of urea-exposed duck embryos. It also investigated the weight, morphometries, and liver histopathology to gather more information on urea fertilizer's toxicity. It was observed that urea promoted angiogenesis in the CAM of duck embryos, especially at higher concentrations (P<0.05). Embryos treated with urea resulted in an alteration of the head-beak length (P<0.05). However, weight, crown-rump length, forelimb length, and hind limb length were not affected. The developing liver of urea-treated embryos showed distortion of the central vein shape and had larger sinusoidal spaces. The presence of Kupffer cells and lipid droplets were observed in the treated section. Congestion of blood cells, haemorrhage, and necrosis of hepatocytes were also observed in the tissue suggesting the extent of damage caused by the fertilizer. The findings of this study showed multiple developmental effects of urea on duck embryos. Further investigations are needed to shed more light on the toxicity of urea fertilizer on vertebrates. 0 - 367 375 - - Jashin Rosal Department of Biology, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines jjrosal@up.edu.ph - - Chennie Solania Department of Biology, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines 888cheny@gmail.com - - Mariel Queenie Agan Senior High School, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines mrylagan18@gmail.com - - Donald Mondea Senior High School, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines donaldmondea8@gmail.com - - Bruce Villa Senior High School, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines max.lazaro@gmail.com - - Daniljun Sanchez Senior High School, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines Philippines dankinsanchezz@gmail.com Anas platyrhynchos CAM assay Histology Toxicology Urea Ahmed, M., Rauf, M., Mukhtar, Z. and Saeed, N. A. 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Massive outbreaks of Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Arabian Sea due to spread of hypoxia. Nat. Commun., 5; 4862.##374 Rosal et al.##Gamallo, J. P. M., Espere, G., Carillo, D. M. C., Blanes, D. N., Abuda, F. G., Labarda, H. J., Madelo, X.Y. and Jumawan, J. C. (2016). Evaluation of antiangiogenic property of Ocimum basilica ethanolic leaf extract by using duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (cam) assay and its morphometric analysis. Int. J. Herb. Med., 4(4), 22-26. Hanson, H. C. (1954). Criteria of age of incubated Mallard, Wood Duck, and Bob-white Quail eggs. The Auk, 71(3), 267-272.##Kim, H. Y., Lieffering, M., Miura, S., Kobayashi, K. and Okada, M. (2001). Growth and nitrogen uptake of CO2‐enriched rice under field conditions. New Phytologist., 150 (2); 223-229.##Kristensen, P., Andersen, A., Irgens, L. M., Bye, A. S. and Vagstad, N. (1996). Testicular cancer and parental use of fertilizers in agriculture. Cancer Epidem. Biomar., 5(1); 3-9.##Lokman, N., Elder A.S.F., Ricciardelli, C. and Oehler, M. (2012). Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay as an In Vivo Model to Study the Effect of Newly Identified Molecules on Ovarian Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2012; 13.##Leghari, S.J., Wahocho, N.A., Laghari, G.M., HafeezLaghari, A., MustafaBhabhan, G., HussainTalpur, K. and Lashari, A.A. (2016). Role of nitrogen for plant growth and development: A review. Adv. Environ. Biol., 10 (9); 209-219.##Maitra, S. and Nath, S. (2014). Toxic impact of urea on the Heteropnustus fossils (Bloch). American-Eurasian J. Agri. & Environ. Sci., 14(4); 644-648. Miller, W. J., Kayton, M. L., Patton, A., O'Connor, S., He, M., Vu, H., Baibakov, G., Lorang, D., Knezevic, V. Kohn, E., Alexander, H.R., Stirling, D. Payvandi, F., Muller, V. and Libutti, S. K. (2004). 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1 - Extraction of Keratin from Human Hair Waste as Adsorbent: Characterization, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study for Removal of Chromium (VI) ions https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80679.html 10.22059/poll.2021.313734.937 1 In this paper, human hair, as a waste material, was utilized in order to prepare keratin nanoparticles. The characterization of keratin nanoparticles was performed applying Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The average diameter of keratin nanoparticles was found to be 63.7 nm, using particle size analyzer. Subsequently, the keratin nanoparticles were employed for Cr (VI) ions adsorption. The batch experiment was carried out to find the optimum conditions; i.e. contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of Cr (VI) ions. The adsorption capacity was extremely pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption of Cr (VI) happened in the acidic pH range. The results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity, obtained in acidic pH, was 161.29 mg/g. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic studies were performed with the Lagergren’s first-order, Pseudo-second order, Elovich, and Intra-particle diffusion models. In this sense, in order to describe kinetic data, we came to this understanding that Pseudo-second order model was the best choice. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process indicated that the Cr (VI) adsorption on keratin nanoparticles is endothermic and spontaneous. 0 - 377 393 - - Fereshteh Abbasi Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran Iran abbasi519@yahoo.com - - Abdolhadi Farrokhnia Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran ab.farrokhnia@gmail.com - - Zahra Abbasi Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O.Box 69315516, Ilam. Iran Iran zahra.abbasi886@gmail.com Cr (VI) ions Keratin nanoparticles Isotherm Adsorption Kinetics Hair Waste optimum Aluigi, A., Tonetti, C., Vineis, C., Tonin, C. and Mazzuchetti, G. (2011). Adsorption of copper (II) ions by Keratin/PA6 blend nanofibres. Euro. Pol J., 47(9), 1756-1764.##Aluigi, A., Tonetti, C., Vineis, C., Varesano, A., Tonin, C. and Casasola, R. (2012). Study on the Adsorption of Chromium (VI) by Hydrolyzed Keratin/Polyamide 6 Blend Nanofibres. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 12 ,No 9, 7250-7259.##ASTM. (2007). Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D1687-02.##Bansal, M., Singh, D. and Garg, V. K. (2009). A comparative study for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by agriculture wastes’ carbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171, 83–92.##Blanes, P. S., Bordoni, M. E., Gonzalez, J. C., Garcia, S. I., Atria, A. M., Sala, L. F. and Bellu, S. E. (2016). Application of soy hull biomass in removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated waters, Kinetic, thermodynamic and continuous sorption studies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4, 516-526.##Cui, M., Song, G., Wang, C. and Song, Q. (2015). Synthesis of cysteine-functionalized water-soluble luminescent copper nanoclusters and their application to the determination of chromium(VI). Microchim Acta, 182, 1371–1377.##Dehghani, M. H., Sanaei, D., Ali, I. and Bhatnagar, A. (2016). 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A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Institution of Chemical Engineers 76, Part B, 332-340.##Javadian, H., Ahmadi, M., Ghiasvand, M., Kahrizi, S. and Katal, R. (2013). Removal of Cr(VI) by modified brown algae Sargassum bevanom from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44, 977-989.##Kar, P. and Misra, M. (2004). use of keratin fiber for separation of heavy metals from water. J. Chemical Technol. Biotechnol., 79(11), 1313-1319.##Khosravi, R., Fazlzadehdavil, M., Barikbin, B. and Taghizadeh, A. A. (2014). Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by granular and powdered Peganum Harmala. Applied Surface Science, 292, 670-677.##392 Abbasi et al.##Lagergrens. (1898). About the Theory of So-Called Adsorption of Soluble Substances. KUNGLIGA SVENSKA VETENSKA PSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR, 24, No. 4, 1-39.##Langmuir, L. (1916). 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1 - Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground Drinking Water Wells of Bandar Abbas https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80680.html 10.22059/poll.2021.317359.995 1 This research evaluates the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from cadmium, lead, and zinc in Bandar Abbas groundwater sources. The samples from 25 wells were analyzed for cadmium, lead and zinc. Total lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer risk assessment from exposure to these pollutants in drinking water (ingestion, inhalation and skin routes) were conducted for people living in these villages. In these regions most of the drinking water supplied, are from these wells which shows the importance of analyzing the quality of them in order to prevent diseases and cancer risks. The highest risk from cadmium seems to be in village Dehno Paein and also this amount for lead occurs in Tifakan Tal-e Gerdu. The highest hazard index (HI) based on human health risk assessment (HHRA) model for cadmium, lead, and zinc through oral, inhalation and dermal pathways were computed as 0.005, 1.63 and 0.043 which are in Dehno Paein, Tifakan Tal-e Gerdu and Faryab. Results show that lead can lead to more cancer cases in these villages that cadmium. The total expected cancer cases from exposure to cadmium in different routes are lower than lead. 0 - 395 404 - - Hamidreza Farimani Raad School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Iran hamidreza.fraad@gmail.com - - Alireza Pardakhti School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Iran alirezap@ut.ac.ir - - Hamidreza Kalarestaghi School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Iran hkalarestaghi@ut.ac.ir Risk assessment - Cadmium - Lead - Zinc - Carcinogenic Groundwater Adeyemi, A. 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1 - No Seasonal Differences in the Emission of Microplastics from an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Southern Coast of the Caspian Sea https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80681.html 10.22059/poll.2021.317403.996 1 This paper is the first to report on the role of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sari, as a source of microplastics (MPs) in the Caspian Sea. Composite 270-liter/24-hour samples were taken the treated effluent of the WWTP in winter and spring, two seasons with different levels of human activity. The effluent contained 380±52.5 and 423±44.9 MPs/m3 in winter and spring, respectively, with the total numbers of MPs/m3 not differing between the two seasons. The dominant type of MPs in the effluent was microfibers with 237±68.7 and 328±33.4 per m3 in winter and spring, respectively. In both seasons, fiber sizes of 0 - 405 416 - - Somayye Sadat Alavian Petroody Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Iran maede.alavian@gmail.com - - Seyed Hossein Hashemi Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Iran h_hashemi@sbu.ac.ir - - Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan Netherlands kees.van.gestel@vu.nl Microplastic Wastewater Treatment Plant Caspian Sea Alipour, S., Hashemi, S.H. and Alavian Petroody, S.S. (2021). Release of Microplastic Fibers from Carpet-Washing Workshops Wastewater. Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab (in persian), 31(6), 27-33.##Abbasi, S., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Delshab, H., Soltani, N. and Sorooshian, A. (2017). Investigation of microrubbers, microplastics and heavy metals in street dust: a study in Bushehr city, Iran. Environ. Earth Sci., 76(23), 798.##Abbasi, S., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Turner, A., Kelly, F.J., Dominguez, A.O. and Jaafarzadeh, N. (2019). Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran. Environ Pollut., 244, 153-164.##Abbasi, S., Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Turner, A. and Hassanaghaei, M. (2018). Microplastics in different tissues of fish and prawn from the Musa Estuary, Persian Gulf. Chemosphere., 205, 80-87.##Akhbarizadeh, R., Moore, F., Keshavarzi, B. and Moeinpour, A. (2017). Microplastics and potentially toxic elements in coastal sediments of Iran's main oil terminal (Khark Island). Environ Pollut., 220, 720-731.##Akhbarizadeh, R., Moore, F. and Keshavarzi, B. (2018). Investigating a probable relationship between microplastics and potentially toxic elements in fish muscles from northeast of Persian Gulf. Environ Pollut., 232, 154-163.##Akhbarizadeh, R., Moore, F. and Keshavarzi, B. (2019). 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1 - Power Recovery and Sulfate Removal from Rubber Wastewater with the Novel Model Multi-Electrode Microbial Fuel Cell https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80682.html 10.22059/poll.2021.313409.934 1 Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a well-known technology that can convert contaminated substrate in the wastewater to electrical power. To gain more power output, the multi-electrode MFC was developed owing to it has a high surface area for anaerobic microbe adhesion. Here we show the multi-anode was made from the bamboo charcoal was combined with laccase-based cathode in the ceramic separator MFC for the rubber wastewater treatment and enhancing the power generation. The untreated rubber wastewater with initial COD and contaminated sulfate concentration of 3,500 mg/L and 1,100 mg/L was used as a anolyte. The 843.33±5.77 mA/m3 of CD, the 711.23±9.76 mW/m3 of PD were generated. Moreover, this system reached 83.07±3.01% of sulfate removal when it was operated at 30 °C for 12 hr. This study recommended that multi-anode with laccase based MFC can more successfully produce energy from untreated rubber wastewater. it will be greater in terms of electricity generation and sulfate removal. 0 - 417 424 - - Pimprapa Chaijak Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand Thailand chaijak.pimprapa@gmail.com - - Chikashi Sato Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Idaho State University, Idaho 83209, USA Thailand Laccase Bamboo charcoal Biocathode Aerate-MFC Electricity generation Ahn, Y., Hatzell, M. C., Zhang, F. and Logan, B. E. (2014). Different electrode configurations to optimize performance of multi-electrode microbial fuel cells for generating power or treating domestic wastewater. J. Power. Sources., 249, 440445.##Ahn, Y., Logan, B. E. (2012). A multi-electrode continuous flow microbial fuel cell with separator electrode assembly design. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 93, 2241-2248.##Ahn, Y., Logan, B. E. (2013). Domestic wastewater treatment using multi-electrode continuous flow MFCs with a separator electrode assembly. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 97, 409-416.##Aparna, P. P., Meignanalakshmi, S. (2016) Comparison of power generation of electrochemically active bacteria isolated from the biofilm of single chambered multi-##Pollution 2021, 7(2): 417-424 423##electrode microbial fuel cell developed using Capra hircus rumen fluid. Energy. Sour. Part A., 38, 982-988.##Blazquez, E., Gabriel, D., Antonio, J., Guisasola, A. (2016). Treatment of high-strength sulfate wastewater using an autotrophic biocathode in view of elemental sulfur recovery. Water Research., 105, 395-405.##Chaijak, P., Sato, C., Paucar, N., Lertworapreecha, M., Sukkasem, C. (2019). Preliminary study of electricity generation and sulfate removal performance in a novel air-cathode microbial fuel cell (AC-MFC) using laccase-producing yeast as a biocatalyst. Pol. J. 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1 - Identification and Characterization of Phenolic and Flavonoids Compounds Extracted from Tunisian Pomegranate Fruit Peel Exposed to Air Pollution: Gabes City, Tunisia https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80684.html 10.22059/poll.2021.316313.974 1 The pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit peel exposed to mixture air pollutants were collected from two sites with different air quality around the industrial area of Gabes city, Tunisia. The first site presented the ‘Polluted site’, which is situated in the oasis close to the industrial area. While, the second site referred to the ‘Control site’ located at 37 km from the industrial area. Using HPLC ES-MS, 21 phenols were identified and quantified in methanol extract from pomegranate fruit peel. The results showed that various phytochemical substances, including phenols acids and flavonoids, were identified and quantified in the peel extract. The polyphenols content and the flavonoids contents in peel obtained from polluted site were higher than that collected from the control site. The concentrations of the identified polyphenols were ranged between 0.39 and 7803.68 mg/ kg DW. The stimulation of some free phenolic compounds such syringic acid, transfrulic acid, epicatechin, rutin and quercetin was enregistred only in peel collected from contaminated environment. The quali-qualitative changes between sites are probably related to the difference in the air quality. The increase of polyphenols could be implicated during adaptive mechanisms under air pollution. Phenolic composition changes in Punica granatum peel could be also suggested as useful approach air pollution monitoring. 0 - 435 444 - - Afef Ben Amor Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Mednine, Gabes University, Tunisia Tunisia afef.ranim@gmail.com - - Khaoula Ben Atia Zrouga Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, High Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott Meriem, Sousse University, Tunisia Tunisia - - Nizar Chaira Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Mednine, Gabes University, Tunisia Tunisia nizar.chaira@ira.agrinet.tn - - Leila Ben Yahia Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Mednine, Gabes University, Tunisia Tunisia - - Kamel Nagaz Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory, Institute of Arid Regions of Mednine, Gabes University, Tunisia Tunisia atmospheric pollution defense HPLC Oasis Polyphenols Abid, M., Yaich, H., Cheikhrouhou, S., Khemkhem, I., Bouaziz, M., Attia, H. and Ayadi, M.A. (2017). 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1 - Characterization and Applications of Innovative Sn-doped TiO2/AC and PPy-CS/Sn-doped TiO2 Nanocomposites as Adsorbent Materials https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80686.html 10.22059/poll.2021.316525.978 1 This work explores the synthesis and characterization of two novel nanocomposites that can be used in various applications, such as aqueous solution adsorption of pollutants. The first nanocomposite consists of tin (Sn)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) on activated carbon, while the other one consists of polypyrole (PPy), chitosan (CS), and Sn-doped TiO2. A contrast was made of their effective adsorbent materials for the removal of Cibacron Brilliant Yellow dye from aqueous solutions. Different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform - infrared (FT-IR) were used to analysis the nanocomposite samples. SEM images show that the average particle diameter of PPy-CS/Sn-doped TiO2 NC is 75 ± 3 nm, while Sn-doped TiO2/AC particles have an average diameter of 40 ± 2 nm. The greater PPy-CS/Sn-doped TiO2 nanocoposite particle diameter indicates that the polymers cover the Sn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, which leads to higher in the diameter of the particles. The adsorption efficiency of Sn-doped TiO2/AC was higher than that of PPy-CS/Sn-doped TiO2 sample due to its smaller particle size which resulted in a higher surface area which provides more adsorption sites. However, both samples showed remarkable adsorption capacity, where the adsorption capacity of Sn-doped TiO2/AC and PPy-CS/Sn-doped TiO2 were 104 and 103 mg/g, respectively. 0 - 445 456 - - Elham Naser Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052, Baghdad, Iraq. Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Iraq alasadielham@gmail.com - - Ali AL-Mokaram Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052, Baghdad, Iraq Iraq ali75@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq - - Fadhela Hussein Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, 10052, Baghdad, Iraq Iraq fadhussein_99@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq nanoparticles Adsorption CBY dye Polypyrrole Chitosan Alalwan, H. A., Abbas, M. N.and Alminshid, A. H. (2020). Uptake of cyanide compounds from aqueous solutions by lemon peel with utilising the residue absorbent as rodenticide. Indian Chemical Engineer, 62(1), 40-51.##Alalwan, H. and Alminshid, A. (2020). An in-situ DRIFTS study of acetone adsorption mechanism on TiO2 nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 229, 117990.##AL-Ani R. R., Abdul Amir Y. K., and Hussein F. M. (2016). 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1 - Water Quality Assessment in Urban Wetlands and Suitability for Fish Habitat: A Case Study https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80687.html 10.22059/poll.2021.317769.1005 1 In this study, water from three urban wetlands of Gurugram – Sultanpur (WS), Damdama (WD), and Basai (WB), was studied for various physicochemical parameters to assess their suitability for the healthy survival of fishes and the results were compared with the limits of these parameters for fish farming. The parameters studied were colour, temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, Ca2+- Mg2+ ratio, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb). The results of the study indicate the majority of studied parameters are beyond the desirable limits in WB; thus, water is most unsuitable for fishes in WB. WB is unsuitable for parameters: colour, alkalinity, hardness, Ca -Mg ratio, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. WS needs consideration for temperature, NO3-, Cu, Ni and Zn, whereas WD needs improvement in temperature, TDS, NO3-, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn concentration for better fish growth. Most of the parameters are high in summer as compared to winter, which is due to the dilution after rainfall. Hence, we recommend timely action for effective measures to improve the water quality of wetlands and their regular monitoring for improved fish habitat. 0 - 457 467 - - Arohi Dixit School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi – 110067, India India arohi.dixit@gmail.com - - Neelam Siva Siddaiah School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi – 110067, India India nssiddaiah@gmail.com - - Jogindar Singh Chauhan Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi – 110067, India India jogindar.chauhan@gmail.com - - Waseem Ullah Khan University Polytechnic, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India India wkhan3@jmi.ac.in Fish farming Heavy metals Wetlands surface water Afshan, S., Ali, S., Ameen, U. S., Farid, M., Bharwana, S. A., Hannan, F. and Ahmad, R. (2014). Effect of different heavy metal pollution on fish. J. Chem. En. Sci., 2(1); 74-79. Alabaster, J. S. and Lloyd, R. S. (2013). 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1 - Concentrations and Sources of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Babolsar Coastal Sediments in the Caspian Sea https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80688.html 10.22059/poll.2021.318623.1017 1 This paper presents concentrations and sources of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the sediments from Babolsar coastal area and the inlet of Babolrood River in the southern side of the Caspian Sea. The concentration of hydrocarbons in 13 sediment samples from the study area were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in sediment samples in the coastal area ranged from 115 to 201 μg/g. In the inlet samples, TPH concentrations were close to each other and ranged from 294 to 367 μg/g. The TPH results showed moderate level of oil pollution in the study area. Total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) concentrations in sediment samples inside the inlet ranged from 498 to 702 ng/g, indicating moderate level of pollution. Concentrations of ΣPAHs in sediment samples in the coastal area ranged from 341 to 1703 ng/g, indicating moderate to less than significant level of pollution. Developed indices for pollutant origins showed that hydrocarbons in all sediment samples collected in the study area had petrogenic origin. The results also showed the Babolrood River as the main source of oil pollution in the sediments in the study area. 0 - 469 479 - - Nasim Taghavi School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran nasim.taghavi@alumni.ut.ac.ir - - Nasser Hadjizadeh Zaker School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran nhzaker@ut.ac.ir - - Pardis Biglarbeigi School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore road, Newtownabbey, UK United Kingdom p.biglarbeigi@ulster.ac.uk Caspian Sea Babolrood River Sediment oil pollution TPH PAH Petroleum hydrocarbon Abdel-Shafy, H.I. and Mansour, M.S.M. (2016). 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1 - Environmental Pollution Prediction of NOx by Predictive Modelling and Process Analysis in Natural Gas Turbine Power Plants https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_80689.html 10.22059/poll.2021.316327.977 1 The main objective of this paper is to propose K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) algorithm for predicting NOx emissions from natural gas electrical generation turbines. The process of producing electricity is dynamic and rapidly changing due to many factors such as weather and electrical grid requirements. Gas turbine equipment are also a dynamic part of the electricity generation since the equipment characteristics and thermodynamics behavior change as turbines age and equipment degrade gradually. Regular maintenance of turbines are also another dynamic part of the electrical generation process, affecting performance of equipment as parts and components may be upgraded over time. This analysis discovered using KNN, trained on a relatively small dataset produces the most accurate prediction rates in comparison with larger historical datasets. This observation can be explained as KNN finds the historical K nearest neighbor to the current input parameters and approximates a rated average of similar observations as prediction. This paper incorporates ambient weather conditions, electrical output as well as turbine performance factors to build a machine learning model predicting NOx emissions. The model can be used to optimize the operational processes for harmful emissions reduction and increasing overall operational efficiency. Latent algorithms such as Principle Component Algorithms (PCA) have been used for monitoring the equipment performance behavior change which deeply influences process paraments and consequently determines NOx emissions. Typical statistical methods of performance evaluations such as multivariate analysis, clustering and residual analysis have been used throughout the paper. This paper incorporates ambient weather conditions, electrical output as well as turbine performance factors to build a machine learning model predicting NOx emissions. The model can be used to optimize the operational processes for harmful emissions reduction and increasing overall operational efficiency. Latent algorithms such as Principle Component Algorithms (PCA) have been used for monitoring the equipment performance behavior change which deeply influences process paraments and consequently determines NOx emissions. 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