University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Residual archives on organochlorine insecticides in the core sediment of a tropical estuary, India
347
362
EN
Akhil
P.S.
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, INDIA.
akhilpsoman@gmail.com
Sujatha
H
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, INDIA.
drchsujatha@yahoo.co.in
10.7508/pj.2015.04.001
A comprehensive evaluation of the residual levels of Organochlorine insecticides (OCIs) in the sediment cores of Cochin Estuarine System (CES) is highlighted in this research article. It assessed the distribution pattern and impact of these xenobiotics in this environmental niche. Fifteen persistent organochlorine compounds (OCs) were quantitatively analysed in the six sediment core samples collected from specific sites of CES, during November 2009. Among these contaminants, residual levels of HCH, Cyclodienes and DDT were the dominant entities. According to the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the higher concentration of these persistent toxicants found in the CES was enough to pose ecological risk to the bottom dwelling consumers. This study provides a better understanding of these trace organics in the environment and could develop more effective strategies for protecting this vulnerable ecosystem from further pollution. Further, sediment screening bioassays can also be conducted for both sediment quality evaluation and identification of existing potent toxicants.
Cochin estuarine system,ecological risk,organochlorine insecticide,Sediment core
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54662.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54662_f9c31f72de51555ae63db8906436fddb.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Assessment and control of VOCs emitted from gas stations in Tehran, Iran
363
371
EN
Hamid Reza
Eisaei
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
hamid.reza.eisaei@gmail.com
Seyed Shaho
Ahmadi Dehrashid
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
seyedshaho.ahmadi@ymail.com
Mohammad Reza
Khani
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of the Public Health, Tehran Branch of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
khani133958@gmail.com
Seyed Mukhtar
Hashemi
Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability, NIReS, School of Civil
Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
hashemi_2002ir@yahoo.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.002
In this research, gasoline vapours including Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (BTX) and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) emitted from vent pipes of underground storage tanks (USTs) were measured at six gas stations in Tehran. Thereafter, gas station No. 29 was selected as a pilot station and equipped with a vapour control system. The vapours were measured during the summer of 2013 and winter of 2014 in two states, before and at the time of gasoline discharge from a petrol tanker to the UST. The results reveal that the average of BTX and TVOCs are 161.22, 200.81, 229 and 647.01 ppm, respectively, higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. The average of TVOCs and BTX in the situation in which the control system is inactive at the pilot station, are 259.13, 55.9, 73.03 and 96.88 ppm, respectively. After activating the control system at the pilot station, the VOCs were reduced by 0.01 ppm. Almost 99.99% control was obtained for this system and 87% of the people living around the pilot station were satisfied and no longer had any complaints about the bad odour of VOCs. It can be concluded that gasoline discharge from the petrol tanker to UST, is the main reason behind the overproduction of VOCs in Tehran's gas stations (P<0.001). So, the most important element is to reduce VOCs at Tehran's gas stations by installing a vapour control systems in all the stations and activating the systems at the time of gasoline discharge.
benzene,gas station,toluene,xylene,volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54663.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54663_07ec02d8e92a505aba96361889105dda.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Potential of Lemna minor in Ni and Cr removal from aqueous solution
373
385
EN
Chandrima
Goswami
Construction Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Saltlake, Kolkata-700098, W.B. India.
juhi262@gmail.com
Arunabha
Majumder
School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Saltlake, Kolkata-700032, India.
arunabhamajumder@hotmail.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.003
Duckweeds are of special interest, as they are naturally growing weeds that have the capacity to tolerate and remove toxic pollutants, including heavy metals from the environment. Studies have revealed that duckweed (Lemna minor) can tolerate and remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the present study, the efficiency of L. minor in the removal of Ni and Cr individually from aqueous solutions was investigated at concentrations of 3.05, 3.98 and 4.9 mg/L for Ni and 1.91, 2.98, and 4.2 mg/L for Cr. Experiments were run for 22 days, after which the metal content in the plant was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The duckweed showed higher percentage of Ni removal than Cr. Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was found to be reduced at high concentrations of both Ni and Cr. Statistical analysis suggested that the growth of the plant was affected by the toxic effect of both Ni and Cr. Bioaccumulation of Ni was higher than Cr in L. minor. The mechanism of removal of both Ni and Cr followed second order kinetics. It is suggested that these duckweeds can remove Ni and Cr from aqueous solution and can also accumulate the same in considerable concentrations, at low initial metal concentrations.
chromium,Accumulation,kinetics,nickel,Phytoremediation,Removal
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54664.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54664_897d1e2a9f07923e00c667ef07cbd3b8.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Environmental policy and management of freshwater resources in the Haraz-Ghareh Su Basin in comparison to other Caspian sub basins
387
402
EN
Amir
Hedayati Aghmashhadi
Ph.D. Student of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
amir_hedayati@ymail.com
Hamidreza
Jafari
Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, Tehran University, Iran.
hjafari@ut.ac.ir
Naser
Mehrdadi
Professor of Environmental Engineering Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
mehrdadi2@yahoo.com
Hedayat
Fahmi
PhD in Hydrology and Water Resources, Deputy of Major Planning Affairs of Ab and Abfa, Iran Ministry of Energy. Tehran, Iran.
hedayat_fahmi@yahoo.com
Parvin
Farshchi
Professor of Costal Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Tehran Iran
parvinfarshchi@gmail.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.004
Haraz-Ghareh Su is one of the seven sub-basins of the Caspian basin, located on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, and as such, is in danger of water crisis due to absence of proper systematic policy and strategy. In this study, the pressure factors on the Haraz-Ghareh Su water resources were identified using DPSIR model. Then, the pressure parameters on the freshwater resources in the Caspian Basin were scored and prioritized into two categories: human and non-human criteria and eight sub-criteria with the help of questionnaires (the opinion of 36 specialists in environmental planning and management, as well as the use of FANP). Thereafter, the data layers were processed with the help of IDRISI software, and eventually, the data were overlaid in the ArcGIS and the final plan was made. The findings of the study shows that, among 8 effective sub-criteria on the environmental planning and management of the freshwater resources in the Haraz-Ghareh Su Basin, agricultural water consumption with 0.243 score points and dam-making with 0.039 score points are considered most and least important sub-criteria, respectively. Consequently, after the compilation and scoring of sub-basins of the Caspian basin, it appears that the sub-basin of Haraz-ghare Su with 0.158627 points had the worst situation in terms of the planning and management of freshwater resources in the Caspian basin. In order to decrease the pressure on the freshwater resources in the Haraz-Ghareh Su Basin, the formulation of long-term policy and strategy in this basin seems to be essential.
DPSIR model,fuzzy analysis network process (FANP),Fuzzy logic,Haraz-Ghareh Su Basin,Water Resource Management
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54665.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54665_ccc101eb6b1b12ba2dc2b31f1197b7ab.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Evaluation of kinetics and adsorption isotherms for the Elimination of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Powder
403
415
EN
R
Malik
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
reenamalikchem@gmail.com
Suman
Lata
https://orcid.org/0
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
sumanjakhar.chem@dcrustm.org
Sushila
Singhal
Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, Delhi University, Delhi, India.
sushilasinghal11@gmail.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.005
An adsorbent was developed from matured leaves of the Aloe barbadensis miller plant for removing Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of Pb(II) by varying amount of adsorbent, pH, agitation time and temperature. The uptake of the metal was initially very fast, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. The experimental data closely followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A small amount of the adsorbent (1 g/50ml) could remove as much as 86% of Pb(II) in 35 min from a solution of concentration 0.3 mg/50ml at 25°C. The adsorption continuously increased in the pH range of 2.0–5.0, beyond which the adsorption could decrease up to pH 7.0 when the adsorption could not be carried out due to precipitation of the metal. The adsorption was exothermic at ambient temperature and computation of the parameters, ΔH, ΔS and ΔG, which indicated the interactions to be thermodynamically favorable.
Adsorption,Aloe barbadensis miller,aqueous solutions,Heavy metals
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54666.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54666_4bbd13f74492aff6ab9946f1c4444279.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Application of AERMOD to local scale diffusion and dispersion modeling of air pollutants from cement factory stacks (Case study: Abyek Cement Factory)
417
426
EN
Alireza
Noorpoor
0000-0002-8585-8852
Associate Professor, Graduate Faculty of Environmental, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
noorpoor@ut.ac.ir
H. R.
Rahman
MSc Student of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
hamidrezarahman@ut.ac.ir
10.7508/pj.2015.04.006
Today, the cement industry is one of the major air polluting industries in the world. Hence, in this study, owing to the importance and role of contaminants from the plant, an appraisal of the emission contributions in addition to other factors have been discussed. There are several reasons behind the importance of modeling air pollutants. First, the assessment of standards for air pollution, and the fact that the measurement points are limited. Furthermore, in all industrial areas, measurement and installation of assessment and monitoring stations are not feasible. The AERMOD model is a dispersion steady state model which is utilized to determine the concentration of various pollutants in different areas from urban and rural, flat and rough, shallow diffusion in height, from standpoint and different shallow sources. In this model, it is assumed that the dispersion of concentration in Stable Boundary Layer (SBL) in two horizontal and vertical directions are similar to that of horizontal within Gaussian convectional boundary layer (CBL). With regard to assessment of the parameters and pollutants of stack outlet, the amount of particulate matter was measured as the most important pollutant in the region. Then, via dispersion and diffusion modeling of pollution (AERMOD) along with environmental measurements, the nature of dispersion of this pollutant in the analysis of the surrounding areas was verified. According to the presented results, the highest level of concentration for particulate matters in all areas affected by cement factory amounts to 43.68 (μg/m3) which occurred at a distance of 1500 m in the east direction and 2100 m in the north direction.
Air pollution,cement industry,diffusion and dispersion modeling,particulate matter
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54667.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54667_4075345a58295fa6cf1f34e3810fd929.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Cost Appraisal of Municipal Solid Waste Transfer to Disposal Site Using Visual Basic Program
427
439
EN
David
Olukanni
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
david.olukanni@covenantuniversity.edu.ng
Samuel
Iroko
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
timilehiniroko@yahoo.com
Adeniyi
Aremu
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
aremu_adeniyi@yahoo.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.007
Collection of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) accounts for a significant proportion of most municipal budgets, and has drawn some degree of researchers‟ interest. This study was conducted in Ota, Southwest Nigeria, to explore the use of Visual basic program as an innovative tool to select the most economic haulage system among three systems found in literature (conventional-, modified- and Stationary- hauled system) for collection and transfer of MSW to disposal sites. Factors that affect the costs of collection and transportation of waste such as: vehicle cost, total time spent on waste collection, and gross travel cost, were considered in the analysis. The result of the study shows that the stationary hauled method of waste collection is the optimal and economical method of collection. This method recorded a 56% and 43% reduction in total cost of daily travel per waste collection, as compared to the conventional and the modified systems, respectively. The application of visual basic program proffers implementable solutions to reduce the cost of MSW transportation to disposal sites. This would reduce travel time and costs of vehicle fueling, and increase the prompt collection of waste which would in turn facilitate the development of an aesthetically balanced and environmentally friendly municipality that would perhaps boost economic development.
Environmental Sustainability,haulage systems,Municipal solid waste,optimal collection cost,visual basic
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54668.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54668_4c60d2f8cc75957586a3b52bb16a05f9.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Driving patterns as a contributing factor to light-duty vehicular emission in the Kumasi metropolis
441
449
EN
Godfred
Owusu- Boateng
Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
godfredowusuboateng@yahoo.com
Francis
Nabena
Gbaran Infill Project, NLNG Supplies Project, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Nigeria
fnabena@gmail.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.008
Exhaust emissions contribute greatly to air pollution, the social cost of which may occur as danger to human health, attracting huge medical expenses, causing absenteeism and hence loss of productivity. These are incentives to reduce exhaust emissions to the barest minimum. Two major cities in Ghana, Accra and Kumasi, are struck by vehicular traffic jams especially during rush-hours and are grappling with the situation perceived to be worsened by driving pattern, a travel-related characteristic with a tendency to increase vehicular emission and hence, atmospheric pollution. Driving patterns were studied in the Kumasi Metropolis using questionnaires purposively administered to drivers who visited the Driver and Vehicles Licensing Authority. Parameters were analyzed with SPSS. Results indicate that drivers plied highway (90.0%), feeder (6.7%) and urban (3.3%) roads. Drivers (90%) had no knowledge of how driving patterns contribute to emissions, effect of idle and hot emissions and hot-and-cold starts dynamics. This could explain the failure of drivers to allow vehicle engines to stabilize for over 5 min and also to put off engines when stuck in traffic. Drivers changed speed as often as 4 times/km due to vehicle congestion and intermittent traffic lights, intersections and roundabouts. This may explain the difficulty in maintaining constant speed; thereby compelling drivers to exhibit frequent gear-changing behaviours as well as unstable and inconsistent speed profiles, as the commonest driving patterns. Such characteristics potentially increase energy consumption, emission level and abatement cost significantly and therefore, call for intensified educational programmes aimed at curbing this environmental peril.
Air pollution,driving patterns,engines,exhaust emissions
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54669.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54669_f01f0504bf95057f9fb1ece9625c9361.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Positive effects of Vitamin C in arsenic trioxide and sodium fluoride induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice in vivo
451
460
EN
Prasenjit
Roy
Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India.
drproyindia@gmail.com
Anita
Mukherjee
Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700019, India.
roy.panna@yahoo.com
Sarbani
Giri
Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India.
pr_jit2005@yahoo.co.in
10.7508/pj.2015.04.009
The aim of the present study was to evaluate Vitamin C (VC) as a potent natural antioxidant to mitigate the genotoxic effects of Arsenic trioxide and sodium fluoride in Swiss albino mice in vivo. The study was divided into eight groups consisting of control treated with normal saline (Group I), Group II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and the VC group with only Vitamin C (500 mg/kgbw). Arsenic trioxide (4 mg/kgbw) and Sodium fluoride (8 mg/kgbw) were administered singly, as well as in combination to swiss albino mice, with and without VC. In this study, the genotoxic effect of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) in mice using comet, chromosomal aberration and lipid peroxidation assay was investigated. The results revealed that VC efficiently ameliorates the genotoxic effect of As and F by increasing the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and primary DNA damage along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In conclusion, VC mitigates the genotoxic effects of the two well-known water contaminants (As and F) effectively and efficiently at the given concentration in vivo.
arsenic trioxide,comet,Malondialdehyde,Sodium fluoride,vitamin c
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54670.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54670_81890d746d44a9996c6dd1fd4208c469.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
1
4
2015
10
01
Micro and Small Enterprises in Solid Waste Management: Experience of Selected Cities and Towns in Ethiopia: A Review
461
427
EN
Yohannes Tefera
Damtew
Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, P.O.BOX 235, Harar, Ethiopia
yhnnstefera@yahoo.com
Biniyam Negussie
Desta
Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, P.O.BOX 235, Harar, Ethiopia
binilife@gmail.com
10.7508/pj.2015.04.010
Municipalities in developing countries spend the highest proportion of their annual budget on unsatisfactory solid waste management service. Until recently, solid waste management services in Ethiopia were mainly the responsibilities of municipalities, which culminated in inadequate service provision. Thus, the integration of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by the government has recently being considered as an option. Participation of MSEs in SWM started in 2003/04 in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia and expanded to other cities following the proclamation of a National Solid Waste program in 2007. This review is aimed at identifying the role of MSEs in solid waste management in selected cities, including the opportunities and challenges for future directions. Limited resources and lack of support, perception and awareness of the community, inadequate training, unorganized fee collection strategy and limited revenue were among the challenges identified. The benefits and potential opportunities include organized and quality service delivery, environmental protection and safety, job opportunity, willingness to pay and social equity. In conclusion, the findings in this review show the importance of MSEs in solving solid waste management problems. However, the challenges need due considerations and appropriate interventions such as legalization of the informal sector, clear working guidelines and regulations, close support and monitoring, and transparent system in general.
Challenges,micro and small enterprises,Opportunities,solid waste management
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54671.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_54671_374f90b6c4d79a4bb8097074118f3e8a.pdf