University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Levels of natural radioactivity in environment in residential area of Moradabad District, Western Uttar Pradesh
1
7
EN
Nikhil
Rastogi
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India
nikhilrastogi@iftmuniversity.ac.in
Indu
Singh
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India
indusinghmoradabad@gmail.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59565
Indoor radon and thoron have been measured in the houses of<br />Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh India, by means of solid state nuclear track<br />detectors. Radon, an invisible radioactive gas, occurs naturally in indoor<br />atmospheres and along with thoron is the most important contribution of human<br />exposure to natural sources. Radon exists in soil gas building materials and indoor<br />atmosphere to name but a few. Risk of lung cancer depends on the concentration<br />of radon and thoron and their decay products in the environment above<br />recommended levels. The present article measures the concentration of indoor<br />radon and thoron in 60 dosimeters by means of a solid state nuclear track detector<br />in different house types of Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh. The measurements<br />have been carried out in residential buildings at a height of 2 m from the sea level,<br />using a twin chamber radon dosimeter. The value of radon concentration in the<br />present study varies between 10.5 Bq/m3 and 29.5 Bq/m3 with an average of 19.8<br />Bq/m3 while that of thoron is between 5.6 Bq/m3 and 24 Bq/m3 with an average of<br />14.9 Bq/m3 respectively. Results, obtained with twin cup radon/thoron dosimeter,<br />show that the concentration of indoor radon and thoron have been within the<br />recommended level, with all the values staying under the safe limits, decreed by<br />the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and United<br />Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
dosimeter,radon/thoron,residential buildings,solid state nuclear track detector
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59565.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59565_d85f3559087d2c5feda4b210137473ab.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas species
9
19
EN
Imaneh
Amini
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Falavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
imaneh.a.66@gmail.com
Arezoo
Tahmourespour
Department of Basic Medical Sciences,Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
a.tahmoures.p@gmail.com
Atousa
Abdollahi
Department of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
atousaabdollahy@yahoo.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59566
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxic compounds widely distributed in the environment by bacteria, is a cheap and safe cleaning up method. The present study attempts to isolate and characterize dioxygenase-producing bacteria which are able to degrade phenanthrene and pyrene from refinery soils. It also aims to assess in vitro biodegradation. To do so, two contaminated soil samples were collected from Isfahan-Iran refinery. The population of phenanthrene and pyrene degrading bacteria were 2.17 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 1.19 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g in sample 1 and 21.50 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 19.40 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/g in sample 2. A sum of 18 phenanthrene and pyrene degrading bacteria were isolated using enrichment culture technique, three of them getting selected which had dioxygenase activity and produced biosurfactant. Identified as <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> ATAI18, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> ATAI19, and <em>Pseudomonas stutzeri</em> ATAI21, they were submitted to GenBank under the accession number of KF113842, KF113843, and KF113845 respectively. The degradation rate of pyrene (50 mg/L) by strains ATAI18 and ATAI19 was 45.32% and 31.23%, respectively. The strain ATAI21 degraded 39.38% of phenanthrene (50 mg/L) after 9 days. These isolated bacteria can be used to improve microbial population of other hydrocarbon-polluted soils for faster bioremediation of such areas.
biosurfactant,dioxygenase,Phenanthrene,Pseudomonas sp,pyrene
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59566.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59566_64dd93735e06dc7d1f892493ccba7b48.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Lethal and sub-lethal impacts of lead on some hematological, biochemical and immunological indices in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus)
21
27
EN
Aliakbar
Hedayati
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
hedayati@gau.ac.ir
Fatemeh
Darabitabar
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
darabitabar@gmail.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59567
The present study has been conducted on Caspian Roach (<em>Rutilus rutilus</em>) so that the impact of different concentrations lead on blood hematological, biochemical, and immunological indicators could be investigated. The roach (<em>Rutilus rutilus</em>), used in this study, was 3.3±0.3 g heavy and 4±0.80 cm long in average. The fish were exposed to a low concentration of 10% LC50 and high concentration of 50% LC50 lead for a period of 0, 24, 48, and 96 h. The experiment was done in a static toxicity condition, within tanks of 400L, each including 14 fish. In the 96-hour period (10% LC50 Lead), the parameters of WBC and RBC dropped significantly in comparison to the control group (0 h) (P<0.05). MCV and MCH elevated as the exposure time ascended up to 96 h (P<0.05), but the cortisol decreased in the meantime. In the 96-hour period (50% LC50 Lead) RBC, Hb and Hct parameters plummeted towards the control group (P<0.05). Heavy metals can change physiological and biochemical parameters in fish blood. The results show that lead (10% LC50 and 50% LC50 concentration Lead) may poison the fish, causing their death. The major toxicity belongs to the 50% LC50 concentration Lead.
Blood parameters,Caspian Roach,lead,physiological,toxicity
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59567.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59567_288284da215d6c52ba62be6cee6626ee.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Evaluation of Cadmium Removal from the Water in Phytoremeiation Process Using Eichhornia crassipes
29
38
EN
Elham
Asrari
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University,
P.O.Box. 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
e_asrari@pnu.ac.ir
Goltab
Avatefi Nezhad
Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Shiraz, Iran
elasrari@yahoo.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59569
Conserving water resources and protecting them from pollution are of high account in the natural cycle of our life. This study has tried to determine the refining potential and capacity of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in order to remove the cadmium from water, studying the influence of factors such as initial concentration of cadmium, contact time, absorbent mass, and pH. Results have shown that the best efficiency of cadmium, more than 99%, was obtained in the optimum conditions (i.e. retention time of 30 hours, adsorbent dose of three plants (12 stems), and pH=6.6). By increasing the initial concentration of cadmium from 0.28 to 8.28 mg/L, the elimination efficiency did not change; moreover, by increasing the absorbent mass, the elimination efficiency increased from 98.4 to 99.8 and the lowest retention time was obtained for the balance. All experiments have been repeated three times, showing in the end that water hyacinth is able to absorb cadmium up to 8.28 mg/L. This process follows Freundlich isotherm (R<sup>2</sup>=0.98). Results of this study indicate that this plant can grow well at high levels of cadmium and the growth of water hyacinth is better in the presence of cadmium than control conditions (city water). Finally, it can be concluded that it is necessary to provide a reliable, cheap, and fast method to eliminate pollution. Eichhornia crassipes, a promising plant with great functionality, can be used as a refiner in order to eliminate the heavy metals in wastewater (sewage) effluents, particularly industrial sewage.
Adsorbent,Cadmium,Phytoremediation,water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59569.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59569_cd29c99f54fdb499100e44517001e22d.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Utilization of temple floral waste for extraction of valuable products: A close loop approach towards environmental sustainability and waste management
39
45
EN
Pardeep
Singh
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
psingh.rs.apc@itbhu.ac.in
A.
Borthakur
Centre for Studies in Science Policy, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
R.
Singh
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
Sh.
Awasthi
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
D.B.
Pal
Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
P.
Srivastava
Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
D.
Tiwary
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
P.K.
Mishra
Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
10.22059/poll.2017.59570
This study presents the natural dye recovery from various biodegradable temple and household wastes. The raw material for colour extraction consisted residual flowers and garlands from various temples as well as onion and vegetables peels from vegetable markets, university hostels, and households, which were washed, dried, crushed, and sieved. The extracted natural colours were produced by means of ultra-sonication, and were dried in the spray drier, being characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectrophotometers. They were used to dye various fabrics such as cotton, silk, and wool, not to mention different mordents. It was found out that the remaining residue, left after dye extraction, was rich in nutrients, hence, it could be further used as the resource material, itself. As a result, we explored these residual wastes for vermicomposting and biochar production, which can be further employed as an organic fertilizer for agriculture. Overall, the present waste management approach will lead to a closed-loop environmental management through waste reduction and reutilization. It will also provide value-added materials for economic gains from waste. Thus, it can be promoted as a potential mechanism to maintain the environmental sustainability at wider scales.
economic sustainability,natural colour extraction,waste management
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59570.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59570_e4adac9331aeaef040dac2860d828819.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Evaluation of natural radioactivity of soil samples from different regions of Wassit governorate
47
53
EN
Laith
Najam
0000-0003-1747-7748
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
prof.lai2014@gmail.com
Mahmood
Karim
Department of Physics, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
mahmood_msc74@yahoo.co.uk
Taghreed
Hameed
Department of Physics, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
taghreed@yahoo.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59572
The present paper measures natural radioactivity in different areas of Wassit governorate, using (HPGe) detector. Gamma spectrum analysis for each sample along with caululated specific activity show that the average concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 have been 19.420±4.7 Bq/kg, 18.487±5.05 Bq/kg, and 204.266±46.9 Bq/kg respectively, which is lower than the worldwide average value. While the average value of Radium equivalent, absorbed dose, indoor and outdoor annual effective dose, activity index, and internal and external hazard index for each sample have been found to be 85.182 Bq/kg, 39.962 nGy/h, 0.196 mSv/y, 0.049 mSv/y, 0.374, 0.313, 0.309, and 0.230 respectively, all of them are lower than the permissibility limit value.
hazard indices,HPGe detector,natural radioactivity,radium equivalent,Soil,Wassit governorate
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59572.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59572_289cdb867a06b609cea4d3d7285892a0.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Determination of nitrate utilization efficiency of selective strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from Eutrophic Lake, Theerthamkara, Kasaragod, Kerala
55
67
EN
K.
Usharani
0000-0003-4077-2497
Department of Environmental Science, School of Energy, Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Kerala, India
usharaniks2003@yahoo.com
K.
Sruthilaya
Department of Environmental Science, School of Energy, Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Kerala, India
sruthilayak21@gmail.com
K.
Divya
Department of Environmental Science, School of Energy, Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Kerala, India
divyyak21@gmail.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59573
Nitrate pollutants increase the growth of algal bloom, resulting in fresh water eutrophication. The high nitrogen level in wastewater has become a growing concern, which has risen the necessity to develop efficient nitrogen removal techniques. Biological denitrification, which is the reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds like nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen compounds, is the most important and widely used method to treat nitrate wastes as it enables the transformation of nitrogen compounds into harmless nitrogen gas. As such, this study collected samples from Eutrophic Lake, picking isolates of bacterial strain with good growth rates in the nitrate medium. The selected bacterial strains were cultured on media 1and 2 and by means of UV-visible spectrophotometer, the nitrate removal efficiency and growth were detected at 410 nm and 600 nm OD respectively. After comparing three bacterial strains, it was found that RN1 had a higher efficiency in nitrate removal at 1000ppm nitrate concentration. At an optimum temperature of 37<sup>°</sup>C, pH of 7, and agitation of 121 rpm, after 432 hrs of the treatment, RN1 showed an optimum growth, equal to 0.1859 OD in 1000ppm nitrate solution with dextrose. Also the spectral analysis of RN1 strain showed 85% removal efficiency, thus making this strain the best one. Confirmed and identified as<em> Bacillus</em> species, it can be recommended for the bioremoval process of nitrate from wastewater.
Bacillus sp,bioremoval process,eutrophic water,Nitrate
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59573.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59573_ef781a875a889b29bff4abe9d5b0e875.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Evaluation of pesticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and the potential health risk to consumers in urban areas of Ghana
69
80
EN
Mutala
Mohammed
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41380 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
mutbaby@gmail.com
Kofi
Boateng
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
edkoboat@hotmail.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59574
Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, and Accra are the major recipients of agricultural commodities or productions in Ghana, primarily due to their population and ready markets. To ensure food security, meet food demands, and mitigate the threats posed by pests and diseases, pesticides are used when cultivating vegetables and fruits in Ghana. The present study has been conducted to assess the concentration of various pesticide residues in tomatoes, obtained from three market centers (namely Bantama, Central, and Ayigya Markets) in Kumasi, dealing with potential health risks for the consumers. Analyzed samples have revealed high percentage of organophosphorous pesticide residues (45%) in Ayigya market with Bantama market recording high percentage of organochlorines and pyrethroid. Laboratory analysis of tomato samples for various pesticides residues has indicated that all the pesticide residues pose no threat to human’s health with all estimated hazard indices being below 1; however, heptachlor (HI=0.85) and dieldrin (HI=0.74) have shown the highest risk levels in children. The study reveals that there is some need for strict monitoring of heptachlor and dieldrin in tomato, especially in case of children.
hazard index,organophosphorous organochlorines,pesticide residues,pyrethroid
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59574.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59574_3b3e5b828a5d1d41bc57c41d4bbd103c.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Life cycle assessment of construction phase of monorail project in Qom, Iran
81
99
EN
Gholamreza
Asadollahfardi
0000-0002-7867-8757
Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
asadollahfardi@yahoo.com
Azadeh
Panahandeh
Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
azadeh.panahandeh@yahoo.com
Amir Ali
Khalvati
Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
amirali_khalvati@yahoo.com
Ali
Sekhavati
Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
ali.sekhavati@alumni.ut.ac.ir
10.22059/poll.2017.59575
Transportation is an important part of modern community life as well as one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in urban communities, the population growth of which can increase transportation capacity. Monorail systems are relatively new rail transportation systems which are currently being designed and constructed in different countries. We have applied the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to deal with global warming and Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University (Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden), CML 2001, to evaluate the potential of acid raining. In order to analyze both mentioned methods, Sima Pro7.1 has been used. Initially the research-related data have been prepared from Qom Monorail workplace. Moreover the sensitivity analysis has been performed on the results, which indicated that the potential of causing global warming in the construction phase for a period of 100 years was equal to 26875.07 kg CO<sub>2</sub>eq. /km. person. The reinforcement bar with 32%, concrete with 30%, and diesel fuel with 15% enjoyed the lion’s share in terms of global warming creation. The likelihood of acid raining formation was equal to 101.876 kg SO<sub>2</sub>eq. /km. person. Diesel fuel contributed the most portion to the formation of acid raining (31%) with reinforcement bar and concrete in the second (30%) and third (13%) places. For result validation, the BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software has applied with the sensitivity analysis, indicating that the first and second effective parameters on the results were the amount of reinforcement bar and diesel fuel. Hence, reduction of reinforcement bars, concrete, and diesel (respectively) have the most influence on mitigation of global warming and acid raining effects of Qom monorail project.
acid raining,Global warming,Life cycle assessment,Qom monorail
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59575.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59575_40370bcc3be26b1707a2253c75c7678a.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Growth-phase dependent biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene by Enterobacter sp. strain NISOC-03
101
111
EN
Moslem
Papizadeh
Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
moslempapizadeh@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Roayaei Ardakani
Biotechnology and Biology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
roayaei_m@yahoo.com
Hossein
Motamedi
0000-0003-0310-7017
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
hhmotamedi@yahoo.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59576
Petroleum-polluted soil samples from Ahvaz oilfield were enriched, using three methods to detect microorganisms with different dibenzothiophene degradation capabilities. Strain NISOC-03, a nitrate-reducing, oxidase negative, catalase, citrate, and urease positive, gram negative rod, showed interesting dibenzothiophene desulfurization behavior, designated as <em>Entreobacter</em> sp. strain NISOC-03 based on phenotype and genotype analyses. Gas chromatography, biomass measurement, and Gibb’s assay showed that in the presence of benzoate as the carbon source, strain NISOC-03 utilized 64% of 0.8 mM dibenzothiophene, producing 0.27 mM phenyl phenol during the exponential growth phase, though the produced phenyl phenol was degraded in the stationary growth phase. In the presence of glucose as the carbon source, however, strain NISOC-03 metabolized only 19.6% of 0.8 mM dibenzothiophene. Furthermore, replacing glucose with ethanol or glycerol led to the same reduction of the dibenzothiophene utilization. It is thus concluded that the chemistry of the potential carbon source(s) in the culture medium has a significant influence on the quality and the rate of dibenzothiophene metablization, and the enrichment designation has a very vital effect on the biodegradation efficiency of the isolated microorganisms.
biodegradation,biodesulfurization,dibenzothiophene,enterobacter,phenyl phenol
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59576.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59576_2953db15d44cd01828cc9da529c3f37a.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Evaluating the application of wastewater in different soil depths (Case study: Zabol)
113
121
EN
Saeed
Shojaee
Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran
s_shojaei@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Gholamreza
Zehtabian
Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
ghzehtab@ut.ac.ir
Mohammad
Jafary
Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
jafary@ut.ac.ir
Hasan
Khosravi
Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
hakhosravi@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/poll.2017.59578
<strong>Water scarcity, its necessity in food production, and environmental protection in the world have forced human beings to seek new water sources. Nowadays, application of unconventional water resources (wastewater) has been proposed in countries facing the crisis of water resources shortage; however, a few studies have dealt with this issue. The present study has evaluated the changes in the elements of the soil, irrigated with wastewater. For so doing, an experiment has been conducted on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples have been collected from the studied regions at two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm and the studied parameters have included sodium, total calcium, magnesium, some acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil. Three regions of study (namely no irrigation, irrigation with treated wastewater, and irrigation with river waters) have been taken into consideration. Results have shown increased calcium, magnesium, and pH of the effluent from Zabol Wastewater Treatment Plant compared to the control; however, electrical conductivity and chloride have decreased in wastewater-irrigated soil.</strong><strong> The electrical conductivity in the surface layer of wastewater samples, treated with an amount of 2.25 (ds/m), has had the most significant difference to the control and other treatments. It can be concluded that wastewater increases some soil properties, contributing to its restoration.</strong>
Calcium,Electrical conductivity,Magnesium,pH,Zabol
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59578.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59578_3c59153456365c3014bca2f6789380bb.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Tropospheric Ozone Pollution in Some Major Cities of West Africa and its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulations
123
146
EN
Ayodeji
Oluleye
Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
aoluleye@futa.edu.ng
M.
Ochei
Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
10.22059/poll.2017.59580
This study utilizes a decade long (2005-2014) monthly data of Total Column Tropospheric Ozone (TCTO) in Dubson units to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of LAO over some major cities of West Africa, namely Lagos, Accra, Niamey, Abuja, Bamako, Dakar, Agadez, Conakry, Kano, and Ouagadougou which are either capital cites or major commercial hubs, where the population ranges from 0.09 million (Agadez, Niger) to over 9 million (Kano and Lagos, Nigeria). The mean (long term average) of TCTO in Lagos (Nigeria) was 34.4±0.6 DU (α=5%) for the entire period, being the highest in all major cities of this study. The lowest TCTO, 30.4±0.5 DU (α=5%), occurred in Bamako (Mali). It was also observed that the concentrations of TCTO vary seasonally. The seasonal changes in TCTO was investigated by categorizing months of the year to very dry months of December, January, and February (DJF), onset of rainy season months of March, April, and May (MAM), wet season months of June, July, and August (JJA), and end of rainy season months of September, October, and November (SON). Seasonal mean of TCTO is higher in all cities, close to the coast during DJF, and cities, north of latitude 12<sup>o</sup> N, during MAM, compared to rest of the seasons. Elevated TCTO concentrations can be attributed to transport mixing, due to the flow direction of well-known wind regime over the study area. This was established from the analysis of correlation coefficient between the mean of zonal, meridional winds, vertical wind speeds and divergence, and TCTO over region.
atmospheric divergence,circulations,tropospheric ozone,West Africa,wind regimes
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59580.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59580_0ee476c3f3b93eb7a4a7f19e4cd90779.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Community’s perception of utilization and disposal of plastic bags in Eastern Ethiopia
147
156
EN
Binyam
Negussie
Head, Environmental Health Science Department, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
binilife@gmail.com
Jilalu
Mustefa
Hygiene and Environmental Health Expert at Food, Medicine and Health Administration Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
jilalumustefa@gmail.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59582
Plastics, one of the most abundant materials in the world today, are one of the main sources of pollution. People’s perception of using and disposing plastic bags is primordial as they tend to be a major part of household solid waste. This study aims to determine community’s perception of usage and disposal of plastic bags in Eastern Ethiopia. A quantitative cross-sectional study has been conducted in Harar city of Eastern Ethiopia, using a multi-stage statistical sampling technique. The data concerning all variables have been collected via pretested questionnaire and observational checklist with a response rate of 91% which has then been into SPSS and analyzed by STATA 11.0. About 51% open dump their plastic bag wastes. It has been shown that the majority (88.7%) of the responders perceived plastic bags as having environmental impacts, with 82.8% feeling a growth in their plastic bags utilization and about 54% thinking that plastic bags should be banned. It has also been illustrated that perception of plastic bags' environmental impacts and the willingness to pay for solid waste collection service has an association with plastic bag utilization. This study has found that utilization and open dumping of plastic bags rests at a significantly higher level. Community’s perceptions regarding environmental impacts of plastic bags have been at a higher level, which still requires consideration. A considerably high number of residents believe that utilization of plastic bag should be continued; therefore, a great emphasis should be given to bringing the desired attitudinal change.
disposal,perception,plastic bags,Utilization
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59582.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59582_9b1b62d73399271bc1363bb0324917e4.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
A review on enhancement techniques of electrokinetic soil remediation
157
166
EN
Ahmad
Jamshidi-Zanjani
Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-143 Tehran, Iran
ajamshidi@modares.ac.ir
Ahmad
Khodadadi Darban
Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-143 Tehran, Iran
akdarban@modares.ac.ir
10.22059/poll.2017.59583
During the last decade, the expansion of urbanization and industrial activities caused serious environmental problems such as soil pollution. Novel technologies are required to remediate soil contamination with toxic contaminants, including heavy metals and organic pollutants. In recent years, there have been increasing attempts to improve soil remediation efficiency. Electrokinetic (EK) is an emerging remediation technology for mixed contaminants, especially in low hydraulic conductivity soils. During EK remediation process, an electric field is applied to the specimen to remove the contaminants from soil by means of electro-osmotic (EO), electro-migration (EM), and electrophoresis (EP) processes. The usual EK technique may have no suitable removal efficiency or contaminants migration. Thus, enhancement techniques or their combination with other technologies are required to overcome EK limitations, increasing its efficiency. The present study reviews seven main enhancement techniques combined with EK; they include using surfactant, chelants, complexing agents, soil pH control, bioremediation, permeable reactive barriers, and ultrasonication. It should be mentioned that, selecting the suitable combination technique highly depends on the soil type and the kind of contaminant.
Electrokinetic,enhancement techniques,Soil remediation,Zeta potential
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59583.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59583_e8af28e2ae1adaa98832b8d8c0a4118f.pdf
University of Tehran
Pollution
2383-451X
2383-4501
3
1
2017
01
01
Statistical modeling of the association between pervasive precipitation anomalies in Southern Alburz and global ocean-atmospheric patterns
167
174
EN
Mahmoud
Molanezhad
Scientific Faculty Member of Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
mmolanezhad@yahoo.com
10.22059/poll.2017.59584
<span>Precipitation patterns are influenced by many factors, such as global atmospheric circulations to name but one. Precipitation patterns in Iran have always had great fluctuations even in a smaller scale like the Alburz Mountain Range. The present research has tried to find the relationship between global atmospheric patterns and the pervasive precipitation ones in Alburz. For doing so, 17 climate indices have been chosen with the correlation between these indices and the precipitation data calculated in different lag times, using a backward correlation method (from the present time to 3 months earlier). Based on the obtained correlation results, a regression modeling has been conducted that employs a backward method. As for each lag time, one equation has been offered to estimate the amount of precipitation for every single region. Results have shown that the Bivariate ENSO Time Series (BEST) and the East Pacific Oscillation (EPO) provide the highest correlation with the pervasive precipitation time series. Also, it has been demonstrated that in multivariate correlation, the efficient index to model the relation among these indices as well as precipitation in southern Alburz alters in each lag time. Both MBE and RMSE, employed to evaluate the modeling, show relatively acceptable values, implying that the equations are acceptably capable of predicting the amount of precipitation in both northern and southern Alburz.</span>
Alburz,Iran,oceanic-atmospheric Indices,pervasive precipitation,Regression modeling
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59584.html
https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_59584_542cac7a43ef095e89326a7264e07e69.pdf