University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Testing the Effectiveness of Different Soil Media in Batch-Operated Lab-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater treatment Using Twin-Hearth Furnace Slag 1086 1097 101751 10.22059/poll.2025.372563.2717 EN Arvind Kumar Swarnakar Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India 0000-0003-2666-3120 Samir Bajpai Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India 0000-0002-1834-9804 Ishtiyaq Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India 0000-0002-2913-9810 Journal Article 2024 12 30 This study evaluates the effectiveness of Twin-Hearth Furnace Slag (THFS) combined with local soils (Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Vertisols) as substrates in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs) for domestic wastewater treatment. Both planted and unplanted CWs were tested, with Canna indica and Typha latifolia used as macrophytes. The experimental setup involved a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 hours, with a 50:50 mixture of soil and THFS used in each CW. The results indicated significant removal efficiencies (RE) for various wastewater parameters, including BOD5 (78.7%), COD (85.3%), nitrate nitrogen (90.2%), and soluble reactive phosphorus (95.5%) in planted CWs. Unplanted CWs also showed notable treatment performance. The study concluded that the combination of THFS and soil in CWs effectively meets the effluent standards set by the central pollution control board (CPCB) and the world health organization (WHO). The findings suggest that slag-based CWs, with or without plants, offer a promising, low-cost solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in tropical regions. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101751_14effd4c68e5c0ec599dae67c8f8cdf2.pdf