University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 12 1 2026 01 01 Remediating Heavy Metal Contamination in Choy Sum using some Organic and Biological Amendments 448 461 105164 10.22059/poll.2025.402411.3116 EN Nana Danapriatna Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi, P.O.Box 17114, Bekasi, Indonesia Ismarani Ismarani Faculty of Social Sciences Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, P.O.Box 40154, Bandung, Indonesia Ridwan Lutfiadi Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi, P.O.Box 17114, Bekasi, Indonesia Moh Dede Faculty of Social Sciences Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, P.O.Box 40154, Bandung, Indonesia Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, P.O.Box 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, P.O.Box 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Millary Agung Widiawaty ISTerre, CNRS IRD UMR 5275, École Doctorale Sciences de la Terre, de l’Environnement et des Planètes, Université Grenoble Alpes, P.O.Box 38058 cedex 9, Grenoble, France School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, P.O.Box B15-2TT,Birmingham, United Kingdom Journal Article 2025 09 15 Agricultural land along river basins such as the Bekasi River is highly vulnerable to heavy metal contamination from industrial and domestic activities. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations that exceed the threshold limits have the potential to reduce crop quality and endanger human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single and combined applications of soil ameliorants (rice husk biochar, rice straw compost, and biofertilizers based on Azotobacter and Azospirillum) in reducing Pb and Cd content in choy sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis). The research was conducted in a greenhouse using contaminated soil from the banks of the Bekasi River, arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the combined treatment of biochar + biofertilizer was the most effective formulation, reducing heavy metal content in choy sum to Pb at 0.42 mg/kg and Cd at 0.04 mg/kg. While the Cd level was well below the safe threshold of 0.2 mg/kg, the Pb content still exceeded the recommended limit of 0.2 mg/kg. These findings indicate that biochar and biofertilizer can synergistically suppress heavy metal uptake by immobilizing metals and enhancing microbial activity. Although further refinement is required to meet Pb safety standards, this approach shows strong potential as a sustainable remediation strategy to support food safety. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_105164_88e87f071ff1e10b36e486a62d673bee.pdf