University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X Articles in Press 2026 08 11 Evaluation of Urban Environmental Carrying Capacity Using a Pressure–State–Response Framework and Shannon Entropy Weighting in a District of Tehran City, Iran 108316 10.22059/poll.2026.416439.3380 EN Zahra Dehghan Manshadi Department of Environmental Planning, Management, and HSE, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad Faryadi Department of Environmental Planning, Management, and HSE, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0583-3883 Ahmad Nohegar Department of Disaster Engineering, Education, and Environmental Systems, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Nadia Abbaszadeh Tehrani Khayyam Research Institute, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2026 06 13 Increasing human pressures can limit ecosystems' ability to maintain natural functions and meet sustainable development needs. Therefore, environmental carrying capacity (ECC) evaluation, as a decision-making support tool, plays a key role in identifying limiting factors and formulating management policies. The present study aims to assess changes in environmental carrying capacity in District 6 of Tehran City from 2019 to 2025. For this purpose, Shannon entropy weighting was applied to 19 indicators selected across three components: pressure, state, and response, within the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework. In addition, the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were used to evaluate the trend and the Monte Carlo method was used to assess the uncertainty in ECC values from 2019 to 2025 in RStudio. Data import, preprocessing, and visualization were conducted using the readxl, dplyr, tidyr, ggplot2, tibble, and patchwork packages. The results revealed that the ECC value decreased from 0.72 in 2019 to 0.35 in 2025, representing a 51% reduction in environmental carrying capacity. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated that the pressure component was the primary driver of variations in the ECC index, indicating a greater influence than the state and response components. Therefore, prioritizing the reduction of pressures at their source, strengthening preventative measures, implementing continuous monitoring of state indicators, and periodically assessing the effectiveness of management policies should be emphasized in environmental planning.