University Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Integrative Analysis of Impacts of Environmental Pollutants and Sociocultural Effects in Urban Highway Construction2142289984710.22059/poll.2024.376740.2382ENPegahShirinkalamFaculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, IranEsmailSalehiFaculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, IranHosseinImani JajarmiFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14117-13118, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240522This study explores the multifaceted impacts of environmental pollution from highway construction projects in urban settings, focusing on Tehran City as a case study. Urban highway construction projects, critical for enhancing infrastructure and connectivity, inevitably bring about significant environmental and social changes. This research employs a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) methodology to dissect the direct and indirect consequences of these projects on the urban environment and its residents. The findings reveal that construction activities substantially contribute to air and noise pollution, which adversely affect the quality of life and health of urban populations. Disturbances such as dust, emissions, and constant noise not only deteriorate air quality but also lead to a series of socio-economic issues including decreased property values and increased health-related expenditures. Additionally, the disruption of local ecosystems and water bodies exacerbates the environmental footprint, leading to a decline in biodiversity and the degradation of natural habitats. Social impacts are equally significant, with communities experiencing increased stress and disruption, which often manifest as public dissent towards development projects. This study highlights the critical need for integrating environmental management and social engagement strategies in the planning and execution phases of urban highway projects. By doing so, it is possible to mitigate negative impacts and enhance the overall sustainability of urban development projects, ensuring that the infrastructure improvements are balanced with environmental conservation and social well-being.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99847_53bc2697406af2eb4c526558d27094ae.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Spatial Distribution of Natural and Artificial Radionuclides in Urban Soils and Bottom Sediments of Monchegorsk Lakes: Russia2292459984810.22059/poll.2024.377256.2397ENStanislavIglovskyFederal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163020, Russia, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, RussiaAlexanderBazhenovFederal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163020, Russia, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, RussiaEvgenyYakovlevFederal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverov, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 163020, Russia, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, RussiaJournal Article20240529The article presents the results of a study of soils and bottom sediments of lakes in the area of Monchegorsk city. The purpose of the work is to identify patterns of distribution of natural and man-made radionuclides in urban soils and bottom sediments of lakes in Monchegorsk city. The specific activity values of radionuclides in urban soil samples were as follows: for technogenic 137Cs, up to 31.3 Bq/kg; in soils in the zone of influence of the plant (in subflare areas), up to 63.4 Bq/kg. For natural radionuclides in urban soils, the values were as follows: 226Ra – up to 14.2 Bq/kg; in soils in the zone of influence of the plant (in sub-flare areas) – up to 21.6 Bq/kg; 232Th in urban soils – up to 1. The concentration of 8.3 Bq/kg was observed in soils in the zone of influence of the plant (in sub-flare areas), while the concentration of 17 Bq/kg was observed in soils in the same area. The concentration of 498 Bq/kg was observed in urban soils for 40K, while the concentration of 317 Bq/kg was observed in sub-flare areas. In bottom sediments of lakes, the concentration of technogenic 137Cs was found to be up to 45.8 Bq/kg, while the concentration of natural radionuclides, including 226Ra (up to 62.6 Bq/kg), 232Th (11 Bq/kg), and 40K (268 Bq/kg), was also determined.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99848_b4154855beaea5b24c4fa837253bcfd0.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Analyzing the relationship between spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations and land cover over Iran2462609984910.22059/poll.2024.377267.2399ENSaeedehNasehiDepartment Landscape Artitecture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbass, IranAhmadNohegarGraduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240529Air pollution is a major environmental challenge, exacerbated by urban and industrial expansion, with significant impacts on human health and climate change. This study, using advanced remote sensing technology and Sentinel-5 satellite data, examines the relationship between seven land cover types and air pollutants in Iran for the years 2022 and 2023. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess these relationships. Standardized pollutant concentration maps were generated using combination operators such as "AND," "OR," "SUM," and “GAMMA 0.5" within Arc Map software to identify high-risk pollution areas. The results indicated that Tehran, Karaj, and Isfahan had the highest nitrogen dioxide concentrations, while Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and Arak recorded the highest sulfur dioxide levels. Aerosol concentrations were highest in Zahedan, Yazd, and Qom, while Tehran, Bandar Abbas, and Ahvaz showed elevated carbon monoxide levels. Northern cities like Ardabil, Urmia, and Rasht had the highest ozone concentrations. Findings revealed a negative correlation between tree density and aerosol levels, and a positive correlation between barren lands and aerosols. There was also a direct correlation between industrial and built-up areas and pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. However, no specific relationship was found between ozone concentrations and land cover types, suggesting that ozone levels are more geographically influenced. The combined maps highlighted Tehran and industrial cities as high-risk areas for air pollution, emphasizing the importance of increasing dense vegetation and proper land use management as effective strategies for mitigating air pollution.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99849_5a73e2f2ac05885609c6198bcbd7b793.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201The Impacts of Genotoxıc Damage on Daphnia Magna at Rısk to Penconazole2612669985010.22059/poll.2024.377918.2414ENFundaTuranDepartment of Aquaculture Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, İskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, TurkiyeAysegulErgenlerDepartment of Aquaculture Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, İskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, TurkiyeJournal Article20240612Penconazole, a fungicide often used in agriculture, is harmful to aquatic species. Although its toxicity to fish is not yet well recognized. Among the triazole fungicides, penconazole(PEN) is among the most widely utilized in a number of nations. In this work, we employed the comet test to investigate the impacts of different Penconazole doses on the fungicide's genetic impact in Daphnia magna. During a 10-day period, daphnid were exposed to a controls and four separate dosages of Penconazole (1.25, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/ L) according to initially observed values in aquatic habitats. At the end of the experiment, the Comet assay was employed to determine the damage frequency (%), Arbitrary unit (%), and Genetic damage index (%) of tissues. The 2.5 mg L-1 group showed notably greater injury frequencies (50.00±0.10) on Daphnia magna (p<0.001). Our insights indicated an important rise in DNA strand breakage for Daphnia magna after exposure to penconazole, indicating that the herbicide is genotoxic to daphnids.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99850_740458f4aaddf9f3ec21ebe03620ff2d.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Associated Health Hazards in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh, India2672799985110.22059/poll.2024.378398.2431ENGeetikaSainiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, H.P., IndiaSunilKumarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, H.P., IndiaVipinUpadhyayDepartment of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, H.P., IndiaPranay PunjPankajDepartment of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, IndiaRanjitKumarDepartment of Zoology, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, IndiaJournal Article20240622Groundwater arsenic contamination is a global problem. Many states of India are extensively polluted with arsenic, while a few have safe groundwater. Himachal Pradesh is still considered safe from groundwater arsenic contamination. Assessment of water quality and arsenic contamination in groundwater and its associated health hazards in the people of Kangra district. 300 samples were collected from all 17 blocks of Kangra and analyzed for arsenic, TDS, pH, and Depth of water source. Arsenic was analyzed through Merck's field test kits. TDS and pH were analyzed using standards protocol. A questionnaire-based health survey was carried out for health assessment. It was observed that the arsenic levels were above 10 ppb in 4.66% of samples. Khundian tehsil had a mean arsenic level of 25.83 ± 30.59 ppb, while Jawalamukhi had 10.38 ± 13.14 ppb. It was also observed that deep water sources have higher arsenic levels than shallow sources. TDS levels were also above the WHO limit in 24% of samples, and TDS was higher in deeper groundwater than in shallow sources. Groundwater pH levels were 5.78 in Bhawarna and 9.4 in Baijnath. 7.66% were reported with hypertension 3.32% with G.I. disorders, 3.66% with diabetes, 2.33% are showing skin diseases, and almost 7.66% are showing stone formation in the kidney and gall bladder. Kangra had groundwater arsenic contamination in 4.52% of samples. Cases of hypertension, diabetes, and stone formation were more than seven percent in people with chronic arsenic exposure.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99851_7583196c61f10ba92048055b6d14c575.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Analysis, Feasibility, and Proposal of the Framework of the Na-tional Climate Change Adaptation Program2802979985210.22059/poll.2024.378532.2435ENAminPadashCenter for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranDepartment of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHamid RezaAghababaeianCenter for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranDepartment of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranAlirezaKhosropanahCenter for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranMohammad JavadMohammadizadehCenter for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranDepartment of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240625Climate change is a phenomenon that is caused by the increase in the concentration of green-house gases in the atmosphere and its effects on the meteorological and environmental patterns, and has caused things such as temperature increase, frequent droughts, decrease in rainfall, sudden floods, and changes in wind and humidity patterns. The importance of climate change for Iran is great; Because the country is facing problems such as continuous droughts, reduction of water reserves, and negative effects on agriculture and economy. The main challenges of these changes include the lack of specific plans and limited infrastructure to implement adapta-tion programs, political and administrative issues, and lack of community awareness about climate change. Coordinated decisions and cooperation with other countries and international institutions also create other challenges. In this research, based on the (Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) DPSIR framework, the existing situation has been analyzed, concrete examples related to it have been mentioned, and finally, the framework of the national climate change adaptation program has been presented. The framework of the proposed national cli-mate change adaptation program titled Determining the position, Preparation and action, Im-plementation of strategies, and Monitoring, evaluation and rehabilitation (DPIM), includes 4 main parts: 1- Position determination, 2- Preparation and action, 3- Implementation of strate-gies, and 4- Monitoring, evaluation, and rehabilitation with a total of 16 executive steps.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99852_7fe00ad7bd139a29ac6041a2e3eb8a56.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Diatom-based Index: A tool for Assessing Water Quality in A Southeast Asian Tropical River Basin2983119985310.22059/poll.2024.378540.2437ENReggieLaderaXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesAstrid LaraSincoXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesJudy PacturanSendaydiegoXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesLeolinda LomongoSaabXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesCarl Ian John SabaldanoHallazgoXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesEster LaraRaagasXavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, PhilippinesJournal Article20240626Diatoms are key components of freshwater ecosystems, serving as primary producers and indicators of ecosystem health. Twenty-eight rivers and streams within a Southeast Asian River basin were sampled for diatoms and physicochemical conditions. Diatoms and local standards of physicochemical conditions were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis. A diatom-based index was developed using pollution values of taxon (PVT) generated using physicochemical conditions and local limits. The CCA revealed that some diatoms responded to local standards, reflecting environmental conditions. Axis 1 is characterized by nutrient related variables explaining 33.04% of the species-physicochemical relationship while Axis 2, characterized by chemical gradients, explains 21.26%. PVT values profiled diatoms in terms of tolerance. Higher PVT are indicative of higher tolerance for disturbance while lower PVT indicate sensitivity. Achnanthidium, Fragilaria, Gomphoneis, Gomphonema, Luticola, Navicula, Nitzschia, Pinnularia and Surirella had the highest PVT values indicating high tolerance to disturbance. These taxa occupy wide ranges of environmental conditions. Genera like Sellaphora and Pleurosira had the lowest PVT values and are found in narrow niches. Majority of the areas are moderately disturbed based on the developed index. Moderate and low disturbance areas are recommended for prioritization in conservation efforts since they may still be reversible in terms of disturbance levels. Low disturbance areas may serve as reference sites for good water quality and ecological status of the river basin. The development of a diatom-based index encourages the use of diatoms for routine water quality and ecological assessments in local Southeast Asian River basins.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99853_53e8751a142caa0d0c58c7c52e2c2a0f.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and EPA-16 PAHs in Crude Oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUD23123289985410.22059/poll.2024.378584.2438ENOluwabukola KudiratJimoh-HamzaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Alhikmah University, Adewole, Ilorin, NigeriaAbdullahi TaiwoAjaoDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, NigeriaJournal Article20240626The complex mixture of hydrocarbons known as Speciated EPA-16 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are frequently found in crude oil and are known to be extremely hazardous, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxicogenic to different life forms, is included in the category of Extractable Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPHs), which also includes aliphatic compounds. Considering the environmental and public health hazards linked to ETPHs and PAHs, there is a compelling need to explore indigenous bacteria with the capability to efficiently degrade these contaminants. The present study investigated the biodegradation potential of bacterial isolates from oil-polluted soil, focusing on Extractable Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPHs) - Aliphatic and Speciated EPA-16 Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil samples. In this study, four predominant bacterial isolates, designated as KUD1, KUD2, KUD3, and KUD4, were isolated from oil-contaminated soil obtained from Okrika in Rivers State, Nigeria. These isolates exhibited positive outcomes in both the drop collapse and oil displacement tests, affirming their biosurfactant-producing, surface tension-reducing, and oil-displacing capabilities. Among them, KUD2 exhibited the highest emulsification index, highlighting its proficiency in forming stable oil-in-water emulsions. Consequently, KUD2, owing to its remarkable growth on agar plates containing 10% crude oil, was chosen for further investigation. The highly efficient isolate, KUD2 identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa using 16S rDNA sequencing. The isolate exhibited enzymatic capabilities in the degradation of hydrocarbons, with catechol-1,2-dioxygenase enzymes detected with varying activity levels over time. Conversely, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) remained consistently inactive throughout the experiment, suggesting alternative metabolic pathways or a lack of involvement in the studied biodegradation process. During the incubation period, the pH fluctuations correlated with the highest enzyme production, suggesting metabolic adaptations. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa KUD2 demonstrated significant increases in Alkane hydroxylase and Alcohol dehydrogenase secretion, reaching peak production after ten days of incubation signifying their active catalytic roles within the pathways associated with the investigated biodegradation process. Mass chromatograms revealed the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons in control crude oil samples, while KUD2 efficiently degraded ETPHs, reducing their concentration. Likewise, KUD2 demonstrated effective degradation of Speciated EPA-16 PAHs. The concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in crude oil were significantly reduced after degradation, with some compounds being entirely degraded. Overall, this study underscores the potential of P. aeruginosa KUD2 for environmental bioremediation, as it efficiently degrades hydrocarbons and highlights the enzyme dynamics and pH influences in the biodegradation process.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99854_d05b7a514064791c46c8be3c4801d2bf.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Metal Species and Physicochemical Parameters of Water and Sediments of River Sasa, Ife North Local Government Area, Nigeria3293489985510.22059/poll.2024.378785.2442ENAbolanle SaheedAdekunleDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, NigeriaJohn Adekunle OyedeleOyekunleDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, NigeriaSolomon SundayDurodolaDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, NigeriaAyotomi SamsonOladeleDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, NigeriaOluwaseyi SamsonOjoDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, NigeriaNobanathi WendyMaxakatoDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South AfricaJohn PaulKaisamDepartment of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, Sierra LeoneOdunayo TimothyOreDepartment of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria0000-0002-5529-1509Journal Article20240701This study determined extent of contamination and total concentration of some potentially toxic elements in sediment and water samples obtained from River Sasa. Sequential extraction protocol was used to fractionate Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe to specific phases in sediment and water samples. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to quantify the metals while physicochemical parameters were determined using standard techniques. Overall mean concentrations of anthropogenic-related metals in sediments for the dry season was highest for Cr (66.7 ± 3.34 µgg-1) and lowest for Zn (39.6 ± 1.30 µgg-1), while for the wet season, the mean concentration was highest for Cr (82.3 ± 6.34 µgg-1) and lowest for Zn (43.1 ± 4.33 µgg-1). Generally, the metal levels followed the order: Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Mn. Physicochemical parameters of the water samples for dry and wet seasons were within the stipulated limit set by regulatory agencies. Speciation results indicated high bioavailability for Cr, Cu, and Zn in water samples while relatively low bioavailability was indicated for all the studied metals in sediment samples. Health risk assessment indicated that water quality was unsuitable for drinking in its present status without further treatment. Results of the pollution load index (PLI) indicated a deterioration level that called for concern in the quality of the river sediments. The results of this study showed that River Sasa was polluted with high bioavailable metals such as Cr, Zn, and Cu in the water which could pose threatening toxicity concerns to plants and animals. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99855_5762385f8c8422aca8bf87a75a7980b8.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Toxic Metals’ Accumulation and Elemental Characterization in Mollusc and Crustacean Species’ Shells Found Along the Coastline of Pakistan3493689985610.22059/poll.2024.378903.2446ENShahRafi Ud DinDepartment of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, 75300, Karachi, PakistanNidaAliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanNoshabQamarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanMariaAshfaqDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanMuhammadAsad Khan TanoliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanTehseenAhmedDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanMohsinAliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanAlexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008, Kazan, Russian FederationSyedWasi HaiderInstitute of Space Science and Technology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PakistanJournal Article20240703Pakistan has the coastline of 990 km, rapid industrialization and economic growth have resulted in increased water pollution in the coastal areas. Present study characterized natural and xenobiotic elements in the shells of molluscs and crustaceans found along the coastline of Pakistan. The objective of this study was to highlight the scope of these shells to be used as bio-indicators or nutrient source, instead of getting waste after seasonal washed up along the coastline.These washed up shell were collected from 09 locations in year the 2023 and were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry. This study presented a comprehensive elemental and morphological analysis of the selected species’ shells, which hasn’t been reported earlier. The mass percentages of elements were compared by one-way ANOVA, among species. Results suggested that these shells can also be used as bio-indicator for those elements whose toxicity is usually ignored, such as Al. Silicon and aluminum showed similar trend among species in mass percentages i.e., Mussel>Crab>Scallop>Clam>Shrimp. Variation in levels of elements in natural shell composition may influence the attachment of xenobiotic metals. While, this study also reflected shells that could be used as a nutrient source. Water pH was found to be an influencing factor on the solubility of elements. The morphological analysis of shells helped in understanding the transport of organic and inorganic materials between the body and shell.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99856_7718ac40057cf179a234f5b8bae86740.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Assessment of Human Health Risk of some Heavy Metals in Surface Dust of Selected Urban Areas in Pakistan3693839985710.22059/poll.2024.379123.2454ENIqraNasimDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, PakistanTalhaAkramDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanRabNawazDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanFaculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaMuhammad AtifIrshadDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanMarriyamNasimDepartment of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PakistanMuhammad Atiq UrRahmanProvincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory, Raiwind, Lahore 54000, PakistanJournal Article20240708This study offers critical insights into the public health threats linked to urban dust exposure by systematically analyzing the pollution levels, sources, and associated health hazards of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The Secondary data was collected on surface dust heavy metals from selected studies for last decade (2013-2023) in Charsadda, Karachi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Lahore, Sargodha, and Murree. Health risk assessment was conducted to understand potential health risks for different urban communities. Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) was also estimated to distinguish heavy metals’ pollution from artificial and natural sources. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in cities had surpassed the limits of natural causes, and as a result, natural variables, particularly Cd, had little effect on heavy metal concentrations. Average cadmium levels were alarming and were found higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in all cities except Sargodha (0.4 mg/kg). Additionally, average concentrations of Pb (4.96 to 636.39 mg/kg), Cu (11.4 to 200 mg/kg), Ni (14 to 181 mg/kg), and Zn (35 to 1190 mg/kg) significantly exceeded WHO guidelines. The estimated Hazard Index (HI) indicated a high chronic risk associated with exposure to contaminated dust. Carcinogenic risk assessment placed all age groups in a high-risk category, with adult males exhibiting the greatest vulnerability for all heavy metals i.e. Pb (5.86×10⁻1), Ni (3.75×101), Cu (4.14×101), and Cd (1.31×101). There is need to expand the urban green spaces and strengthen regulations to mitigate heavy metal pollution in urban areas. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99857_3cbb5881e189604dc9369a53fd9f041b.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Investigation the Effect of Radon Pollution on Hair Structure3843939985810.22059/poll.2024.379235.2458ENMohamad RezaRezaieDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranBehshadValizadehNuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization, Tehran, IranYassinHeydarizadeDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranParvinDehghanipourDepartment of Physics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240711In this article, it has been tried to determine equivalent dose of hair, the number of track and the amount of damage or secondary elements produced in hair by radon and progeny alpha particles using Monte Carlo N Particle Version Extended (MCNPX) code and Geometry and Tracking 4 (Geant4) toolkit. The hair was put in the air of Tehran city with a Radon concentration of 104 Bq/m3 for 20 h irradiation time. The results show that during this period, 65 track/cm are created in hair with depths between 2 - 43 μm. Also, the 12C, 18O, 14N and 32S elements are produced in the hair with the number of 36, 135, 11, and 0.2, respectively, which indicates the breaking of hair composition. Also, Proton, Alpha and Gamma ray are generated in the hair structure with the number of 4590, 550 and 4790 respectively during this period. The secondary particles that produce by interaction of alpha with hair (such as 12C, 18O, 14N and 32S) usually have high energy during production and they can be damage the hair structure. The 36Cl and 18F radioactive elements with the number of 1.19 and 0.8 are created in the hair structure during this period. The equivalent dose of Radon and progeny in hair in this period is equal to 63 pGy (1.21 mSv as effective dose).https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99858_52eb04b00aa5e0a0d8c78673716a22e8.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Investigating the Effects of Urban Green infrastructure on Reducing the Heat Island Phenomenon in Shiraz Metropolis3944109985910.22059/poll.2024.379369.2465ENKeramatollahZiariDepartment of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, IranMajidGolzarPhD Student of Spatial Planning, Caspian International Campus, University of Tehran, IranHosseinIrajiDepartment of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20240713Today, the per capita green space in Shiraz metropolis is decreasing due to the increasing physical expansion and frequent land use change. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of urban green infrastructure on the reduction of the heat island phenomsenon of Shiraz metropolis through the processing of Landsat 8 satellite images by Fragstats and Arc Gis 10.3 software, which are compiled through the two processes of landscape metrics and the preparation of LST maps. Is. Based on the findings of land surface metrics, human land use at the land surface level of each region shows that districts 11, 4 and 5 of Shiraz city have the highest percentage of human-made land use. On the other hand, the 10th and 3rd regions have the least man-made land use. The results show that in areas 3, 6 and 11 of Shiraz city, there is high temperature resulting from human activities, which indicates the existence of thermal islands. The highest temperature is related to the area of Bagh Delgosha to the side of the coastal pass. The 11th and 9th district of Shiraz city has the best environmentally friendly form with a design method more compatible with the environment in the south-eastern direction, and the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature does not reach 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the existence of urban green spaces play an effective role in reducing heat islands.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99859_2036c295b44e5a7e63aac81042e6459d.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Hydrogeochemistry and Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate and Fluoride in Groundwater of Gorgan and Kordkuy, Iran4114249986010.22059/poll.2024.379439.2466ENMojtaba GharehMahmoodluWater and Watershed Engineering Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, IranAliRadkaniWatershed Management Department, Rangeland and Watershed Management Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20240715This study was conducted to assess hydrogeochemistry together with the non-carcinogenic health risk of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater of Gorgan and Kordkuy cities in the north of Alborz mountain belt. For this purpose, drinking water sources of these two cities were analyzed for hydrochemical characteristics including major ions, nitrate and fluoride. Results revealed that an increase in salinity of Kordkuy groundwater caused the various mixed and saline hydrochemical facies. Result of HFD and Gibbs diagrams revealed that rock-water interaction is chief contributing factor for release of ions into Gorgan groundwater. While, Kordkuy groundwater is more influenced by saline water that is originated from the subsurface layers. Human activities are the primary source of nitrate concentration in the Gorgan groundwater. In contrast, nitrate concentration of Kordkuy groundwater is more influenced by saline water. Results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) values of Gorgan drinking water samples for children are considerably higher than the permissible limit (HQ=1). In contrast, all HQ values of Kordkuy drinking water samples are below permissible limit and they don’t cause adverse non-carcinogenic health risks for all age groups. Only three well in Kordkuy that their HQ of F- values are larger than the permissible limit for children. For the rest of drinking water samples, the HQ values of F- in both cities are less than permissible limit for all three groups.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99860_8293afeb8b406827c0f305c47c7668ce.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Improving the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks for Air Quality Monitoring Using Metaheuristic Algorithms4254399986110.22059/poll.2024.380231.2490ENHamidAbdolabadiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0003-2589-2773ErfanKhosravianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240801Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are crucial for environmental monitoring, particularly for assessing air quality. However, optimizing energy consumption remains a significant challenge due to the limited energy resources of the sensor nodes, which adversely affects the network's performance and lifespan. This study aims to enhance the longevity and efficiency of WSNs by implementing metaheuristic algorithms, specifically Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) and Cheetah Optimization (CO), for effective energy management through clustering strategies. Utilizing simulations, we compared the performance of ALO against CO in terms of energy efficiency, network lifespan, and resilience within heterogeneous network conditions. The results indicate that ALO optimizes data transmission by reducing network traffic through efficient cluster communication. Additionally, ALO's scalability enables the network to adapt to changing sensor deployments, while data aggregation at the cluster head level further minimizes energy consumption. This load balancing ensures a more even distribution of energy usage, further ALO outperforms CO by extending network lifespan, improving energy management, and providing better scalability. The findings suggest that ALO is a robust approach for optimizing clustering and energy consumption in WSNs.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99861_2170cd62e3af5164e6e34dff4ca63398.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Utilizing Bioflocculants Produced by Bacteria to Remediate Oil Contaminated Water4404539986210.22059/poll.2024.380806.2507ENAssala MohammedAl-KhafajiDepartment of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqAsia FadhileAl-mansooryDepartment of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqNassir AbdullahAlyousifDepartment of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqJournal Article20240814Bioflocculants are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) synthesized and released by microorganisms including bacteria, algae and fungi with many applications for wastewater treatment. The current study aimed to produce bioflocculant compounds from bacteria and evaluate their efficiency in the treatment of polluted water with hydrocarbon. The bacteria were isolated from wastewater and oil-contaminated soils in Basrah city, Iraq. The bacteria used in the present study isolated and identified in a previous study, these isolates as Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobacterium profundum. Both Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobacterium profundum demonstrated high efficacy in the remediation of wastewater from the Najibiya plant achieving up to 88% turbidity reduction under optimal conditions. Aeromonas simiae showed varied performance in removing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Petroleum Hydrocabons (TPHs), with the best results at 43%, 57%, and 86.04% respectively, under specific pH and dosage conditions. Similarly, Exiguobacterium profundum showed excellent results, particularly in removing TDS, TSS and TPHs, reaching up to 52%, 82% and 94.23% respectively. Exiguobacterium profundum was highly effective bacterium in removing TPHs from the wastewater of the AL- Najibiya plant reaching 94.23%. The effectiveness of both strains varied with pH levels and dosages, highlighting their potential in targeted wastewater remediation applications.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99862_bf6ec18bd6233f35f5f2473bcc527903.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Water Quality Assessment for the Southern Al-Hawizeh Marsh Using Diatom Indicators4544639986310.22059/poll.2024.380917.2510ENSafa HusseinSakiDepartment of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqMaitham AbdullahAl-ShaheenDepartment of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah, IraqJournal Article20240815The current study was conducted to assess water quality in the southern Al-Hawizeh Marsh using epiphytic diatoms. Two types of plants were used, Phragmites australis and Tamarix aucheriana. Four study sites were selected at the southern Al-Hawizeh Marsh, plant samples were collected quarterly, double months for each season, starting from October 2020 to July 2021. Two of diatom indicators were applied, Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (SPI). The results of TDI showed that the waters of the Southern Al-Hawizeh Marsh were generally at a mesotrophic level; the temporal results recorded the lowest values during the winter season at the oligotrophic level and the highest values of the index were recorded in the summer with a rich nutritional level (eutrophic). As for the results of the spatial index of TDI, the lowest values of the index were recorded in Well 11 as oligo-mesotrophic, while the highest rate was recorded at the Al-Keser site at the level of eutrophic. However, the SPI analysis results showed that the marsh's waters, in general, have moderate organic pollution or significant eutrophication. Autumn season has the highest index rates ranging from moderate to light pollution, while the spatial SPI index in the sites showed that the lowest rates of index were recorded by the Al-Sabelah site, and the highest rates of index were recorded by the site Well 11, both of them with a moderate to eutrophic of pollution.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99863_876195042fb64b37b2ac922613cc92d0.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Water of Lake Singkarak in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, Indonesia4644769986410.22059/poll.2024.381179.2516ENDeswatiDeswatiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, P.O. Box 25163, Padang, Indonesia0000-0002-8655-9838YulizarYusufDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, P.O. Box 25163, Padang, IndonesiaZaki AiwaPutraDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, P.O. Box 25163, Padang, IndonesiaAdewirliPutraDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Syedza Saintika University, P.O. Box 25132, Padang, IndonesiaJournal Article20240820The distribution of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater bodies is receiving increasing attention due to the discovery of MPs in lake organisms that can be consumed. The small size of MPs makes them tend to float in the water column, making it easy for them to enter and accumulate in lake organisms. However, research on MPs in freshwater areas is still lacking, and no studies have been conducted in Lake Singkarak. This study aims to analyze the abundance of microplastics in surface water samples from five sampling stations in Lake Singkarak. Visual analysis of MPs was conducted using a B-350 Optical Stereo Microscope, and polymer-type analysis of MPs was performed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The abundance of MP pollutants in surface water ranged from 117.5 to 202.5 particles L-1. The characteristics of MP pollutants based on shape, color, and size were predominantly fragments (42.81%), black (47.94%), and ≤100 µm in size (53.67%). The polymer types identified were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The results of this study are expected to provide valuable references for a better understanding of MP pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99864_592482de838eb104ce973e71e506497f.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Analysis of Ingested Microplastics by the Selected Freshwater Fish4854969986510.22059/poll.2024.381322.2532ENCharadiyaJaydipsinhDepartment of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics & Wildlife Biology & Conservation, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, IndiaChauhanHiteshDepartment of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics & Wildlife Biology & Conservation, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, IndiaMohsinAliDepartment of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics & Wildlife Biology & Conservation, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, IndiaLinz-BuoyGeorgeDepartment of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics & Wildlife Biology & Conservation, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, IndiaJournal Article20240830Microplastics in water has now become a significant problem in many water bodies which in turn impacts the different organisms that live in these water bodies. The study focuses on the ingestion of microplastics by Labeo rohita, which is a widely distributed and economically important freshwater fish species. The study focused on the detection and quantification of microplastics in the stomach of Labeo rohita collected from different sites exposing different degrees of pollution. Samples were obtained from three distinct freshwater environments: The first one represents a heavily polluted pond while the other is a moderately polluted pristine reservoir, and the third one, a river. The captured fish were examined and dissected using the light microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detection and enumeration of microplastics. Results showed that fish collected from the highly polluted pond contained the highest levels of microplastic with fibers and fragments being the most abundant. The fish collected from the moderately polluted pristine reservoir contained less microplastic particles, and those found in the river contained negligible amounts of contamination. Subsequent characterization of the findings indicated that microplastics are present in different organs such as the stomach and the intestines, which could point to the existence of bioaccumulation and possible physiological impacts. This paper also established the presence of microplastic pollution in Labeo rohita and calls for specific pollution control measures since existing measures have insufficient effects in controlling environmental pollutants.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99865_c41cdcce39c9da93a04aa9d52ec19628.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Seasonal Monitoring of Circadian Temperatures in Beach Sediments Affected by Plastic Pollution in Northeast Scotland by a not-for-Profit Coastal Partnership4774849986610.22059/poll.2024.381662.2531ENLauren E.SmithEast Grampian Coastal Partnership, Aberdeenshire Council, Woodhill House, Westburn Road, Aberdeen, AB16 5GB. Scotland, United KingdomDavid R.GreenAberdeen Institute for Coastal Science and Management (AICSM), Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF. Scotland, United KingdomJournal Article20240829Plastic pollution is an environmental hazard. Data collected by researchers and community science organisations predominantly focuses on the presence, volume and distribution of plastics in specific species and locations. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of plastic debris on the physical properties of the environment in which it exists. In this study, we recorded in-situ, seasonal, circadian temperature fluctuations of beach sediments affected by plastic pollution at three different locations within Northeast Scotland. Results suggest that specific quantities (medium >260 - ≤2400g/m2 and high>2400g/m2 loading) of plastics increase circadian temperature extremes at a 5cm sediment depth throughout the seasons, with a daily maximum average increase of 1.5°C (medium plastic loading) 1.7 °C (high plastic loading) and a daily minimum decrease average of 1.1°C (medium plastic loading) and 1.3°C (high plastic loading) respectively. These temperature fluctuations may pose significant challenges for terrestrial ectotherms occupying these habitats with narrow thermal safety margins. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99866_d610d6e183467885eef1772f3e9f62e6.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Scalp Hair Analysis Using µ-PIXE for Screening Toxic Elements Accumulation in Gold Miners4975099986710.22059/poll.2024.381741.2537ENMohamedEisaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaKarenCloeteUNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South AfricaNanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape Province, South AfricaChristopherMtshaliiThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Materials Research Department, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, Cape Town, South AfricaNametsoMongwaketsiiThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Materials Research Department, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, Cape Town, South AfricaMohyaldeinSalihDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi ArabiaMalikMaazaUNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South AfricaNanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape Province, South AfricaJournal Article20240902Artisanal mining is an expanding sector of the mining industry in various parts of the world. Workers in this field often lack protective safety gear and are exposed to mining pollutants that can adversely affect their health and well-being. Given the limited availability of occupational biomonitoring studies in the mining industries of countries like Sudan, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a micro Particle Induced X-ray Emission (µ-PIXE) approach to biomonitor human tissue—specifically hair samples—obtained from artisanal gold miners for the presence of toxic metals, including iron (Fe). Gold miners from the region in Sudan voluntarily provided hair samples, which were subsequently analyzed using the PIXE technique. The analysis revealed a range of elements, including sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), bromine (Br), strontium (Sr), and lead (Pb). However, some essential elements, such as silicon (Si) and chromium (Cr), were notably absent. All samples contained elevated levels of sulfur, phosphorus (P), and chlorine, with some samples indicating the presence of lead (Pb). <br />Additionally, only six out of the nineteen samples contained lead, and its absence can result in metabolic issues and hinder tissue growth. Furthermore, all analyzed hair samples exhibited low levels of essential elements like zinc, which is vital for plant disease resistance, photosynthesis, cell membrane integrity, protein synthesis, and pollen formation.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99867_08dd7a5b3532749562463cc5659fd01a.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Surface Marine Sediments of the Coastal Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia)5105249986810.22059/poll.2024.381938.2546ENMarinaMazurA.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 690041, Vladivostok, RussiaElenaZhuravelInstitute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, P.O.Box 690922, Vladivostok, RussiaLidiaKovekovdovaInstitute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, P.O.Box 690922, Vladivostok, RussiaJournal Article20240905The pollution and potential toxicity of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Co) and As in the surface bottom marine sediments of the coastal Vostok Bay in 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. Pollution and ecological risk indices were calculated by comparing the concentrations obtained with background, permissible levels and sediment quality standards (SQGs). Maximum concentrations of Cu (37.64±0.88 µg/g), Cd (0.25±0.03 µg/g), Pb (123.73±5.39 µg/g), Zn (162.58±10.31 µg/g), Ni (29.50±1.01 µg/g), Co (5.00±0.23 µg/g) and As (5.24±0.23 µg/g) were detected in the industrialized area of Gaydamak cove in the samples of 2015. Sediments from this area were characterized by moderate pollution and low level of potential toxicity for marine hydrobionts based on the calculation of mCd and TRI. The general trend of decrease in the content of analyzed pollutants in sediments is noted in 2020. Maximum content of Cu (16.17±0.38µg/g), Cd (0.27±0.03µg/g), Pb (58.62±2.55µg/g), Zn (83.14±5.27µg/g), Ni (5.81±0.2µg/g) and Co (5.00±0.23µg/g) was observed in the area of Gaydamak cove as well as in 2015. Low levels of contamination and no potential toxic effects were noted. The highest concentration of As (14.32±0.83 µg/g) was detected in sediments of Srednyaya Cove. This fact is of particular concern as this cove is part of the Integrated Marine Reserve and is characterized by high biodiversity. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the use of individual and complex indices of pollution and potential ecological risk is an effective tool for assessing the ecological status of bottom sediments. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99868_4c73480f1d27998d0b831d60f0e971bf.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Daily PM10 Prediction of Thiruvananthapuram City and Interpretability Analysis of Influencing factors5255379986910.22059/poll.2024.382674.2561ENSherinBabuDepartment of Computer Science, Assumption College Autonomous, Changanassery, Kottayam, Kerala, IndiaSchool of Computer Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, IndiaBinuThomasSchool of Computer Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Computer Applications, Marian College, Kuttikanam, Idukki, Kerala, IndiaJournal Article20240921Accurate predictions of air pollutant PM10 concentrations are essential for crafting effective air quality management strategies. This study compares three decision tree ensemble models—Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—to forecast daily PM10 levels in Thiruvananthapuram, India. By integrating meteorological data and air pollutant variables, this study aims to enhance both the accuracy and interpretability of urban air pollution dynamics. Spearman correlation analysis is employed to analyse the relationships between PM10 and the various input features. The predictive performance of the ensemble models is evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R²). The Extra Trees model demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving an R² of 0.945 and an RMSE of 8.174 μg/m³. The model-agnostic interpretability method SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) demonstrates that PM2.5, NH3, NO2, and O3 have a major impact on PM10 forecasts. Additionally, it reveals that meteorological conditions, particularly rainfall and relative humidity, play a crucial role in determining PM10 concentrations. This research highlights the potential of machine learning techniques, especially when combining the Extra Trees model with SHAP, to assist local governments in strategic planning and air quality management efforts. Although temporal coverage limits are acknowledged, this study offers useful information to environmental agencies and policymakers looking for data-driven strategies to reduce air pollution.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99869_4ba06d65c1f4a268847589c90efda3bf.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Optimization and Modeling of Retention Time and Temperature Parameters in the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Sewage Sludge5385499987010.22059/poll.2024.383262.2587ENRezaGhasemzadehDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAbolghasemPazokiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSanazTajziehchiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSetarehAhmadiDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, IranAlirezaDavamiDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241005The sustainable management of wastewater treatment plant sludge is a significant challenge in urban waste management. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) offers a promising approach by converting sludge into valuable products like hydrochar. This study hypothesized that optimizing HTC parameters could enhance hydrochar production while improving energy recovery. The objectives were to model and optimize the effects of temperature (150-250 °C) and retention time (20-60 min) on hydrochar yield (HY), higher heating value (HHV), and energy yield (EY). Using the Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design, three quadratic models were developed to analyze these parameters' interactions and identify optimal process conditions. Experimental results indicated maximum HY (59.96%) at 160.31 °C and 28.14 min, maximum HHV (26.88 MJ/kg) at 246.45 °C and 60 min, and maximum EY (82.18%) at 207.78 °C and 34.28 min. These findings highlight HTC's potential for efficient sludge management. Future research could focus on the environmental implications and scaling HTC technology for broader applications.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99870_9ba4934a841d3e2548796eff6d3d09f4.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Modeling Convective Cloud Movement Countering with Mountain Peak due to Thermal Pollution and Evaluate Affecting Indexes, A Review on Factors Affecting Climate Change5505599987110.22059/poll.2024.383573.2600ENSiamakBoudaghpourEnvironment Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, K.N Toosi University of Technology Tehran, IranJournal Article20241010Thermal pollution which causes air movement, has received special attention under different climate conditions. Evaluating the conventional movement in dormant air behind the mountain due to temperature diversion and considering reign wind, two dimensions with turbulent RNG k-ε model were used through Fluent software. Movement in unstable weather conditions and cloud presence were evaluated at a height of 100 to 300 m from the valley base on a spring day. In this model, translocation evaluation is concentrated due to a temperature difference caused by thermal pollution in the mountain slope and valley floor with the adjacent air (conventional flow); in this way, clouds move with air convection. Certainly, the measurement and evaluation of atmospheric statues under the desired conditions had special sensitivity. The aim of this study was to model the effect of meteorological indices on convective movement, such as temperature and speed, under different atmospheric conditions; then, a better understanding was obtained by determining how these movements form weather changes in a specific area. In conclusion, it was shown that temperature differences caused by thermal pollution in the cloud sub-layer in divers’ height and cloud localization in the proper profile of wind speed, caused cloud translocation and containing wind in cloud elevation area occurred rapidly in higher levels.https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99871_9ee7e01bb9e4da91207ae5f8e6da522b.pdfUniversity Of Tehran PressPollution2383-451X11220250201Research of Eventual Residues of Pesticides in Strawberry Fruits Using Gas Chromatography Combined with Mass Spectrometry5605759984610.22059/poll.2024.383647.2603ENFatimaNailiLaboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, 18000 Jijel, AlgeriaBoualemMayacheLaboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, 18000 Jijel, AlgeriaFaculty of Sciences, University of M'Sila, PO box Ichebilia, M'Sila 28000, AlgeriaJournal Article20241012Our research focused on the Jijel region, where strawberry cultivation expanded considerably from 4 hectares in 2002 to 661 hectares in 2023. This study aimed to identify any pesticide residues in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Over two years, strawberries were cultivated in a plastic greenhouse using pesticides to either prevent or treat diseases as they developed. The fruit samples were collected and analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. Numerous components were identified in the treated strawberry fruits; some are unique to strawberries, while others have not been documented in literature as strawberry constituents. The majority of the compounds found in the strawberry fruit were polyphenolic metabolites, alkanes, esters, aldehyde, aromatic alcohol, fatty acids, carbohydrates, phthalates, plasticizer derivatives, and others. All treated strawberry samples from both seasons showed no detectable pesticide compounds in the fruit. Nevertheless, certain samples contained hazardous pollutants such as 1,2,4-Benzenetriol and hydroquinone, as well as pesticide metabolites like di-n-octyl phtalate. The strawberry extract contained compounds similar to those naturally present in strawberries, but they appeared to have changed. Among the major components detected was a plasticizer compound: 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester, identified as a pollutant result from the use of plastic materials in strawberry growing. These compounds were found to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and insecticide properties. Some compounds were reported to have unknown activity. In conclusion, the fruits of treated strawberries contain a variety of bioactive compounds along with pollutants that could affect human health. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_99846_00e8dfafa311f5f81ead0b3b03200d59.pdf