University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Forecasting the Short-Term Changes of Surface Ozone and NO2 during a Festival Event Using Stochastic and Neural Network Models 576 592 100989 10.22059/poll.2025.377011.2387 EN Ebin Antony Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India Keerthi Lakshmi Department of Physics, Sree Krishna College Guruvayur, Kerala, India- 680102 Sunil Kumar Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India Nishanth Theeyancheri Department of Physics, Sree Krishna College Guruvayur, Kerala, India- 680102 Jalaja Kunnath Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Nehru College of Engineering and Research Centre, Pampady, Thrissur, Kerala-680588 Satheesh Kumar Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India- 576104 Annie Sabitha Paul Department of Applied Sciences, Govt. Engineering College Kannur, Kerala India-670563 Journal Article 2024 05 25 Air pollution is one of the most destructive environmental issues on the local, regional, and global level. Its negative influences go far beyond ecosystems and the economy, harming human health and environmental sustainability. By these facts, efficient and accurate modelling and forecasting the concentration of air pollutants are vital. Hence, this work explores investigate the time series components of surface ozone (O3) and its precursor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and develops a model for predicting O3 variations produced by intense fireworks during the Vishu festival over Kannur. Time series methods using Stochastic and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models are considered the most accurate tools for estimating air pollution trends due to their logical flexibility. Model performance is evaluated based on statistical measurements indicating an increasing trend in O3 concentration of 0.11 ppb/year and NO2 of 0.18 ppb/year. Based on the analysis, we found that the SARIMA model shows better accuracy with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.55 and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.74. The broader implications of this study highlight the applicability of advanced time series forecasting techniques for air quality monitoring during short-term pollution events. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100989_5bcb8fc592a4e2d41183785b5e0091f5.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Siting a Waste Transfer Station in District 6 of Karaj Municipality to Reduce Pollution 593 608 101760 10.22059/poll.2025.388834.2751 EN Roudabeh Samiee-Zafarghandi Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Soheil Aghayani Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 15 The rapid increase in waste generation, particularly in urbanized and developed regions, presents a significant challenge. Improper waste management leads not only to environmental degradation and pollution but also to substantial risks to public health. Given the complexity of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, effective strategies are essential. Collection, the most expensive part of MSW management, becomes more challenging in large cities with disposal sites far from collection points. In such cases, establishing waste transfer stations with high-capacity semi-trailers can help reduce environmental pollution and operational costs. This study aims to identify the optimal location for a waste transfer station in District 6 of Karaj Municipality. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - based network analysis, the most suitable area was identified according to its proximity to population centers. Exclusion zones were eliminated using the Boolean method, and within the remaining area, zones were prioritized using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) approach in accordance with service unit placement criteria. The outcome of this study is recommended sites for the establishment of a waste transfer station serving Districts 5, 6, and 7 of Karaj Municipality. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101760_0db720770beb1b708d158d4a35da2bd9.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Numerical Simulation of Oil Spill Movement on Makran Coast Using Combination of Finite Volume Modeling and GNOME 609 629 100990 10.22059/poll.2025.378543.2456 EN Neda Mirabzadeh PhD Student, Department of Non Living, Atmospheric and Marine Science, University of Hormozgan, P.O.Box 79161-93145, Bandar Abbas, Iran 0009-0006-2049-0328 Mehrnaz Farzingohar Department of Non Living, Atmospheric and Marine Science, University of Hormozgan P.O.Box 79161-93145, Bandar Abbas, Iran Masoud Sadrinasab Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 10 The finite volume method is one of the mathematical ways that was applied for tracking oil spills along the Makran coast. The GNOME model was used for comparison and validation of the calculation results. After deriving the governing equations and boundary conditions, the area is meshed for suitable accuracy, and flow data was obtained from NOAA’s Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS) for 90 days (2160 hours). Four locations were selected: one(first) point near the Strait of Hormuz, two points (second and third) near bays on the Makran coast, and another (forth) near the Pakistan border. At each point, 1000 liters of Medium Crude Oil were released. Results showed that the currents in the Hormuz Strait had a significant impact on the first point, and the pollution spread over two-thirds of Makran’s coast within three months. The second and third points affected the coastlines inside the bays, while the fourth point showed pollution spreading toward Pakistan's coast. The results were compared with GNOME, and the average differences for all the locations were 92.33%, 92.28%, 91.03%, and 92.40%, respectively. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100990_321fbec149936e16e666b4215aaca1af.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Optimizing Fertilizer Production: Co-Composting Faecal Sludge With Various Bulking Agents 630 651 100991 10.22059/poll.2025.379850.2508 EN Patil Abhijeet Associate Professor, & Head, Department of civil engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Prathisthan's college of engineering, Salokhenagar, Kolhapur, India Sangami Sanjeev Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum-590018, Karnataka, India Chandak Piyush G Assistant Professor, School of Construction, NICMAR University, Pune, India Bajirao Vilas Mane Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering & Technology, Ashta, Sangli, India Chavan Ravindra Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering & Technology, Warananagar, Kolhapur, India Journal Article 2024 08 14 This research investigates the integration of locally available bulking agents—coconut shells, waste tea powder, banana peels, and sugarcane leaves—for co-composting fecal sludge (FS) alongside organic waste. The study involves physical, chemical, and heavy metal analysis of the bulking agents, followed by 91 days of aerobic composting with weekly sample collection and evaluation. The goal was to identify the optimum combination of these agents for producing nutrient-rich compost, particularly for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The compost prepared using a specific combination of these bulking agents met the key nutrient criteria, providing a viable solution for sustainable waste management.  Coconut shells enriched the compost with potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, enhancing soil structure and moisture retention. Waste tea powder, rich in nitrogen and potassium, promoted microbial activity and soil fertility. Banana peels contributed high levels of potassium and phosphorus, improving aeration and nutrient cycling, while sugarcane leaves enhanced soil health by contributing organic carbon, nitrogen, and potassium.  The study utilized tools like Python and Microsoft Excel for data analysis and visualization, enabling the establishment of reliable maturity indices for assessing compost stability and quality. These findings highlight the potential of using locally available organic waste materials to improve soil fertility and support sustainable agricultural practices. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100991_d7797ee18b735660b5fce1f246e872b3.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Evaluation of the Effective Consequences on Urban Water and Wastewater Assets in the Face of Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of Hamedan City, Iran 652 671 100992 10.22059/poll.2025.380915.2509 EN Ali Vejdani Nozar Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, Iran Saeed Givehchi Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, Iran Bahram Malekmohammadi Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14178-53111, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 15 In this study, with the aim of presenting an optimal pattern, the consequences affecting the water and wastewater assets of Hamedan City, Iran, in the face of environmental pollution were preliminarily evaluated using the SECA (Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives) technique. This was done by preparing, distributing, and analyzing expert questionnaires, considering criteria such as "human consequence, physical and structural consequence, security consequence, economic consequence, environmental consequence, socio-political consequence, and functional-reputational consequence." The evaluation utilized software tools such as Google Earth Pro, LINGO 18.0, and ArcGIS. The initial results indicate that among the criteria for evaluating consequences, the environmental consequence with a weight of 0.2286, the human consequence with a weight of 0.1467, and the socio-political consequence with a weight of 0.1425 have taken the first to third priorities, respectively. Among the water and wastewater assets of the studied city, based on sensitivity, water treatment plants, surface water resources, and water pumping stations ranked first to third, respectively. Finally, to validate the applied pattern, the consequences affecting the assets in the face of environmental pollution were re-evaluated based on the weights of the obtained criteria and expert feedback. The results indicated that the city's water treatment plants, with a score of 3.6255, were identified as the priority asset. The alignment of these results with the initial evaluation confirms the accuracy and validity of the applied pattern. According to the definition of consequence levels, the priority asset falls into the "high" category, necessitating the implementation of control measures. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100992_df9758b284598abad4ffbabb2c870f2a.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Analysis of Heavy Metal Absorption in Plants from Selected Quarry Sites in Osun State, Nigeria 672 687 100993 10.22059/poll.2025.381355.2521 EN Temitope Mary Taiwo Environmental Management and Crop Production Unit, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria Timothy Oyebamiji Ogunbode Environmental Management and Crop Production Unit, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria Aruna Olasekan Adekiya Environmental Management and Crop Production Unit, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 08 23 Anthropogenic activities such as mining, quarrying, and industrial operations significantly contribute to environmental contamination by releasing organic and inorganic pollutants. This study examines heavy metal accumulation in plants near three quarry sites in Osun State, Nigeria: Sanlong Quarry (Obaagun), Wolid Quarry (Iwoye), and Jolokun Quarry (Modakeke). Heavy metals analysed include Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn). Plant leaves were sampled at distances of 0, 15, 30, and 45 metres from quarry sites, with control samples taken 150 metres away. Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), the analysis revealed elevated levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn near all sites, exceeding WHO (1996) permissible limits, while As and Ni were within acceptable ranges. Sanlong Quarry samples showed high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb, Wolid Quarry samples recorded elevated Zn levels, and Jolokun Quarry samples contained higher Ni and Cu levels. ANOVA results confirmed significant deviations from WHO standards, underscoring contamination risks. These findings raise concerns about environmental and food safety hazards linked to heavy metal accumulation in plants near quarry operations. Immediate mitigation measures are necessary to address these risks and protect environmental health and sustainability. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100993_c54b3ca8da0ab5313e099f4c5d8acbe2.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Various Road Traffic Noise Emission in Urban Microenvironments - an Evidence of Developing Indian city 688 702 100994 10.22059/poll.2025.381396.2524 EN Argha Kamal Guha Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwanati, Assam-781039, India Department of Civil Engineering, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal-700126, India Sharad Gokhale Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwanati, Assam-781039, India Journal Article 2024 08 26 Urban road traffic noise pollution causes various human health ailments. There is very limited research has been focused on different road traffic noise emission, which is significant to design environmental noise abatement measures. We studied different road traffic noise emission in roadside outdoor and indoor microenvironments, by field noise monitoring, traffic attribute study and meteorological data measurement (Jan-Dec, 2019) near a busiest G.S. road of Guwahati city and SoundPLAN 8.2 based FHWA TNM 2.5 noise modelling. The results depict that the measured noise level at outdoor and indoor were violated the WHO guidelines of 53 dB(A). The modelling study shows that with increasing the building floor level noise was increased up to 60 dB(A) at day and 56 dB(A) at night. The car was found as the leading noise producing vehicle in that study area, which contributed 66.9 dB (A) at day and 61.4 dB(A) at night. However, bike movement mostly contributed 250 Hz noise frequency of about 61.7 dB(A) and truck and bus contributed > 1 kHz noise frequency of > 50 dB(A). The results further showed that nearly 15%, 12%, 8% and 6% exposed people at outdoor could experience the highly sleep disturbances (HSD) due to truck, car, bike and MUV movements. Similarly, 4%, more than and around 3% exposed people at indoor could experience %HSD related to bike, car, MUV and truck movement. This finding could be useful for different noise abatement measures, including Noise Low Emission Zone (Noise LEZ) for controlling the urban noise pollution. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100994_6d10fe97e69985417634571f1e696d52.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Characterization of Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Implications in Poorly Ventilated Chemical Retail Outlets: Evidence from Ogbo-Ogwu Market 703 714 100996 10.22059/poll.2025.382761.2566 EN Francis Ugochukwu Madu Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo Nigeria Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu Nigeria Toochukwu Ekwutosi Ogbulie Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria Friday Obinwa Uhegbu Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu Nigeria Eni-yimini Solomon Agoro Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria Oluchi Ulunma Nwosu Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo Nigeria Assumpta Ugbonma Ugenyi Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo Nigeria Purity Chioma Ononogbo Medical Centre Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma, Nigeria Miracle Chinwenmeri Madu Department of Community Health, Abia State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology Aba, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 09 23 This study investigated the impact of poor ventilation on air quality and health risks in chemical stores at Ogbo-Ogwu Market, Onitsha, Nigeria. Over a three-month period, particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10, and TSP) was measured with an aerocet (531) particulate analyzer in six chemical stores of three storekeepers from each and compared their concentrations to those in control clothing stores located 1.1 km away. Biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. The results revealed that particulate concentrations in chemical stores were significantly higher than in control stores, indicating elevated pollutant concentrations due to inadequate ventilation. The Exposure Factor-Adjusted Air Concentration (EF-AAC) and Hazard Quotients (HQ) metrics further highlighted substantial health risks, with chemical store environments posing greater hazards compared to controls. Biomarker analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) showed increased oxidative stress and inflammation among chemical storekeepers, as evidenced by higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). These biomarkers correlate with the physiological impacts of prolonged particulate exposure and suggest an elevated risk of respiratory conditions, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This research underscores the critical need for improved ventilation in chemical stores to mitigate health risks. The findings provide valuable insights into occupational health challenges in developing regions and highlight the importance of enhancing air quality management to protect workers' health in similar environments worldwide. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100996_9e79511463838b5413b3d77f3e8b3fc5.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Regional Peace Theory: A Base for Regional Natural Hazards Reduction and Environment Sustainability Increase—Case Study: Danube and Tigris-Euphrates Basins (Towards a Scientific Golden Map) 715 737 100995 10.22059/poll.2025.382760.2567 EN Ebrahim Moghimi Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Thomas Glade Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Universitaetsstr. 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria Journal Article 2024 09 23 Natural hazards manifest themselves in all scales of exploration. The Tigris and Euphrates basins in Southwest Asia and the Danube basin in the European continent are areas with dust and drought hazards. Therefore, to reduce vulnerability and manage drought and dust in the Tigris and Euphrates, regional peace must be established, and regional peace in the Danube basin must be strengthened. This article emphasizes establishing and strengthening regional peace as a systematic process to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards. The novelty of the article is that it: (A) emphasizes the regional scale to reduce the vulnerability of people and the environment to dust and drought hazards; (B) evaluates the adverse effects of political forces' actions in the realm of hazardous natural processes; (C) informs both the environment and political forces about the theory of establishing regional peace to reduce natural hazards; and (D) strengthens interdisciplinary research in natural hazards, environmental, and geopolitical sciences. The research method used in this article is historical-experimental. Also, using the comparative method and one-to-one correspondence, the geographical territory of political forces' actions was matched with the territory of natural hazardous processes. The result showed that strengthening the efficiency and effective cooperation of regional political forces and strengthening regional peace reduce the vulnerability caused by natural hazards. Accordingly, the theory of regional peace to reduce natural hazards was confirmed as a scientific golden map. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100995_ab90b575cf24d5f504a195e00d314bd0.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Present Status of Surface Water Quality Impacted by Artisanal Crude Oil Contamination in a Coastal Community in Rivers State, Nigeria 738 757 100997 10.22059/poll.2025.383178.2583 EN Davies Ibienebo Chris Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia Parashuram Kallem Department of Environmental and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates Khang Wen Goh Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria Faculty of Engineering, Shinawatra University, Samkhok, Pathum Thani Thailand Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia Fathurrahman Lananan School of Animal Sciences, Aquatic and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia Mohamad Nor Azra Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, Earth Sciences and Maritime Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Lombok 83352, Indonesia Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 10 03 This study evaluates the surface water quality of Bundu-Ama creek in Rivers State, Nigeria, which is impacted by artisanal crude oil refining activities. The area is characterized by mangrove swamps and mudflats and is subject to pollution from industrial waste and illegal oil bunkering. Water samples were collected monthly over six months from three stations, spaced 1,000 meters apart, representing upstream, midstream, and downstream sections. Physicochemical parameters analyzed included pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Co, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn, As) were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and hydrocarbons (Total Hydrocarbons [THC], Oil and Grease, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [PAH]) were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results showed pH values between 7.22 and 7.28 and temperatures from 30.15°C to 30.32°C, with EC and TDS exceeding WHO guidelines, indicating ionic contamination. Heavy metals like Cd (0.23–0.28 mg/L) and Pb (0.29–0.31 mg/L) exceeded safety limits, suggesting ongoing pollution. PAH concentrations (0.28–0.37 mg/L) were above WHO and NSDWQ limits, highlighting significant health risks. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships, such as between EC and TDS (r=1.000), indicating shared pollution sources. These findings underscore the need for regulatory interventions and remediation strategies to mitigate environmental and health impacts in the region. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100997_57802cef3faa5f35722512a55ca79439.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Associations of Trace Gases and Meteorological Parameters and Particulate Matter with Ozone under Smog Conditions 758 780 100998 10.22059/poll.2025.383221.2585 EN Nishi Srivastava Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, India Apurba Tewari Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, India Anik Das Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, India Journal Article 2024 10 04 This work investigated the connection between O3 and other pollutants and meteorological conditions during a smog episode in Delhi. Ozone concentrations varied from site to site (150~269µg/m3). A significant negative correlation has been observed between O3 and its precursor gases. Wind speed showed a positive correlation, but high wind usually dilutes the pollutant concentrations. Thus, a positive correlation with wind speed represents ozone transport from other locations to observational sites. The high ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 indicates a predominance of human involvement. Toluene and benzene ratios(T/B) are estimated to understand the nature of emission sources and the lifetime of pollution. The analysis of the benzene and toluene fractions indicates anthropogenic air masses' dominance. Very high T/B values at several sites indicated that benzene was emitted from vehicular emission while toluene was from point sources. Ozone formation potential analysis showed that toluene and p-xylene are the prime contributors to ozone. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100998_3904fa06414bcf27d2f22ecdf6853e13.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Magnesium, Zinc, and Iron Co-doped Titanium Dioxide: A Novel Visible-Light Sonophotocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange 781 793 100999 10.22059/poll.2025.383239.2586 EN Helia Hassanzadeh Bavojdan Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Ghorbanpour Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Roghaieh Shahriari Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 04 This study reports the successful synthesis of Mg, Fe, and Zn Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via a rapid heating technique, exhibiting enhanced sono-photocatalytic activity under both visible and UV light irradiation. Various characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-DRS), were employed to assess the produced materials. The codoping process led to a significant reduction in the band-gap energy from 3.16 eV to 2.60 eV, facilitating the absorption of visible light and improving the generation of reactive oxygen species. The sono-photocatalytic activity of the Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated by degrading methyl orange solutions, achieving a remarkable degradation efficiency of 48.7% under visible light and 60.1% under UV light. The combined effect of ultrasound and light irradiation synergistically boosted the photocatalytic activity, outperforming each method individually. The Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated a higher efficiency compared to previous investigations, highlighting their potential as a novel visible-light sonophotocatalyst for environmental remediation applications. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_100999_0e5a7fab689602548349f7c421247d04.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Determination of Environmental Noise Level of Karasu City Center 794 811 101000 10.22059/poll.2025.383519.2595 EN Adem Genc Faculty of Forestry, Dep. of Landscape Architecture, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Ozgur Yerli Faculty of Forestry, Dep. of Landscape Architecture, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey Journal Article 2024 10 09 Noise has become an important environmental problem in the world. Noise maps play a crucial role in city planning and improving the quality of life for both urban residents and natural resources. The study aimed to measure noise levels in 84 different locations within the Karasu municipality (Sakarya, Turkey), including different land uses, which are significant sources of environmental noise. The study was conducted over a 12-month period to create monthly, seasonal, and annual average noise maps. Statistical analysis was performed on the collected noise data and noise maps were generated. The results showed that traffic was the main source of noise and that the highest levels (79,90 dB) were observed on Istanbul and Ankara avenues. The study found that noise levels varied seasonally and that noise levels in many parts of the city exceeded the levels permitted by the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulation in force in Turkey. Three types of noise barriers were proposed for three different selected locations. As a result, there was a significant and positive relationship between the effects of the measured noise levels in all seasons on each other. Another result is in relation to the spatial characteristics of the measurement point, the change in noise level is significant. According to the analysis the changes in noise levels in spring and summer and the spatial differences in the points where measurements were taken are seen at a significant level. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101000_c9858b974c6aea57a85b24b2831ec2d0.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 PM2.5-Related Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Megacity of Ahvaz, Iran 812 827 101001 10.22059/poll.2025.383526.2596 EN Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran Hasan Raja Naqvi Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India Pierre Sicard ACRI-ST, Route Du Pin Montard, Biot, France INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128 Eroilor Bvd, Voluntari 077030, Romania Pouran Moulaei Birgani Family Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran Alessandra De Marco ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301, Rome, Italy Sina Fathi Rad Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Khatereh Anbari School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Rajab Rashidi Professor of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mahsa Moradi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 10 The aims of the current study were to assess the variations in PM2.5 concentrations in Ahvaz (Iran), and related mortality and years of life lost in 2019 and 2020. Backward wind trajectories through HYSPLIT model were obtained. The hourly in-situ data of PM2.5 concentrations were transformed into daily averages. The integrated exposure-response function, relative risk, and baseline incidence values were used for estimation attributable mortality, years of life lost, and loss of life expectancy in Ahvaz. The aerosols variation showed that PM2.5 reduced in post-lockdown (22 April – 21 May, 2020) compared to pre-lockdown phase and same time in 2019. The results of HYSPLIT model illustrated that dust from the Arabian Desert region especially Iraq can travel long distances and contribute to air particulate pollution in Iran. The number of premature deaths for non-accidental causes (37.5 and 31.2), M-IHD (12.4 and 10.3), M-COPD (29 and 28.2), and M-LC (16.2 and 11.25) for exposure to PM2.5 above 10 µg m-3 in people were obtained in 2019 and 2020. The years of life lost declined by 16% in 2020, and exposure to PM2.5 reduced the life expectancy 0.69 and 0.44 years respectively in 2019 and 2020. Previous conducted studies have provided quantitative estimates of the ability of green infrastructure to ameliorate urban air quality (e.g., PM2.5) at city scale worldwide. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101001_52246d8f5ae1641565a1b3a7e330947e.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Evaluating the Potential of Duck Egg Shell for Methylene Blue Adsorption in Medical Laboratory Wastewater 828 845 101002 10.22059/poll.2025.383528.2598 EN Adewirli Putra Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia Wiya Elsa Fitri Department of Public Health, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia Fajrilhuda Yuniko Department of Health Information Management, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia Tuti Handayani Department of Pharmacy, Fort De Kock University, Bukittinggi, West Sumatera, 26117, Indonesia Hidayat Hidayat Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, South Tanggerang, 15314, Indonesia Joshua O Ighalo Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B. 5025, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 10 10 It is important to develop an understanding of adsorbent performance in non-traditional wastewater streams like those from medical facilities. In this study, duck eggshell powder (DEP) was utilized for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and evaluated in medical laboratory wastewater. The effect of pH, initial MB concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process was investigated. The results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions were at pH 8, initial MB concentration of 80 mg.L-1, contact time of 30 min, and temperature of 298 K. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum uptake capacity of 5.991 mg.g-1 and removal efficiency of 97.34%. The thermodynamic process of adsorption was non-spontaneous and endothermic. FT-IR, XRF, SEM-EDX, and BET analysis confirmed the interactions between MB and DEP before and after adsorption. The adsorption process occurred through electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. This treatment was applied to medical laboratory wastewater with efficiency reaching 100% at optimum conditions (pH 8). The advantages of DEP are simple sample preparation, no need for additional precursors, and an abundant natural resource, thus providing an excellent opportunity for use as an adsorbent. Therefore, DEP has great potential as an effective adsorbent for removing MB dye from medical laboratory wastewater. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101002_884371d4dade3fab98cfd2ceeb4277c4.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Determination of Individual Magnetic Particle Sources in Sediments from the Wae Tomu River Estuary, Ambon City, Indonesia: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscope (EDX) Analysis 846 856 101003 10.22059/poll.2025.383884.2607 EN Estevanus Kristian Huliselan Faculty of Teaching and Educational Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon 97233, Indonesia Hellna Tehubijuluw Faculty of Science and Technology, Pattimura University, Ambon 97233, Indonesia Melvie Talakua Faculty of Teaching and Educational Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon 97233, Indonesia Latuhorte Wattimury Faculty of Engineering, Pattimura University, Ambon 97233, Indonesia Journal Article 2024 10 16 This paper describes the determination of individual magnetic particle sources found in the sediment of the Wae Tomu river estuary in Ambon City, Indonesia. The sample was magnetic particles extracted from the sediment. As comparative data, magnetic particles were also extracted from the soil in the river upstream. These particles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis results showed that the magnetic particles found in the sediment have a spherule-shaped and framboid-like surface morphology measuring ≈43-97 µm, while magnetic particles found in the soil were octahedral and angular-shaped with a maximum length of ≈40-60 µm. The majority of the elemental composition of the magnetic particles from the sediment was Fe and O, followed by minor elements of Zn, Cu, S, Al, Si, and Cr. In contrast, the majority of elements from the soil were Fe and O, followed by minor elements of Ti, Al, and Mg. The result of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the particles of the sediment are chromite and magnesite, while the soil is magnetite. Based on the morphological characteristics and elemental composition, the magnetic particles from the sediment originated from anthropogenic sources, i.e., motor vehicle emissions. Additionally, SEM and EDX can be used to differentiate individual magnetic particles from both anthropogenic and natural sources. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101003_2c9d824316861199eab2ec5355c34616.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Assessment of Carcinogenicity and Health Risks from Respiratory Exposure to BTEX Compounds at the Kermanshah Oil Depot in Iran 857 869 101004 10.22059/poll.2025.384510.2623 EN Maryam Delfani Department of Environment, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Maryam Mohammadi Rouzbahani Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Nasrin Choobkar Department of Environment, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0002-8828-4727 Nooshin Salimi Department of Public Health, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 28 In the petroleum industry, oil decomposition releases volatile organic compounds that easily evaporate due to high vapor pressure, posing significant health risks to exposed workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate health risks from Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) exposure among employees at the Kermanshah National Oil Products Distribution Company. BTEX sampling was conducted at six loading stations, each with two lines, over 48 hours in 8-hour shifts using NIOSH method 1501. Compounds were extracted with carbon disulfide and analyzed by gas chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detector. The risk assessment followed the Singapore method. Results showed that benzene and toluene constituted 42% and 33% of BTEX compounds in the breathing zones of active workers, while xylene and ethylbenzene accounted for 21% and 4%, respectively. The time-weighted average concentrations were: benzene at 0.51 ± 0.14 ppm, toluene at 0.28 ± 0.08 ppm, ethylbenzene at 0.05 ± 0.01 ppm, and xylene at 0.17 ± 0.05 ppm. Benzene risk ratings varied from low at station 6 to very high at station 1, line 2, and station 3, line 1. The highest carcinogenic risk from benzene was at station 3, line 1, with an excess lifetime cancer risk of 1.13 × 10-3, while the lowest was at station 6, at 1.10 × 10-5. Non-cancer hazard quotients for toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene remained below 1 across all stations, indicating acceptable risk levels. The study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring and strong regulations to mitigate BTEX emission risks in the oil industry. Enhancing measurement methods and ensuring compliance with air quality standards will protect environmental health and workforce welfare. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies on the long-term effects of BTEX exposure. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101004_c52f8f55909bbb1c1c078c3793ec352b.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in the Pre-Volga Region (Russia) and Identification of Potential Health Risks to the Public 870 888 101005 10.22059/poll.2025.384780.2633 EN Evgeny Yakovlev N. Lavrov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue, 20, P.O.Box 163020, Arkhangelsk, Russia Anna Druzhinina N. Lavrov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue, 20, P.O.Box 163020, Arkhangelsk, Russia Sergey Druzhinin N. Lavrov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue, 20, P.O.Box 163020, Arkhangelsk, Russia Nikolay Ivanchenko N. Lavrov Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue, 20, P.O.Box 163020, Arkhangelsk, Russia Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, P.O.Box 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia Journal Article 2024 11 03 Contamination of drinking groundwater with toxic trace elements poses a threat to public health. The present study analyzed samples of various groundwaters from the Pre-Volga Region, Russia. The groundwaters studied in the Pre-Volga Region are classified into four hydro- chemical facies based on the proportion of cations and anions: (I) gypsum waters, (II) mirabilite waters, (III) waters altered by ion exchange, and (IV) fresh infiltration waters. Gypsum groundwaters exhibit relatively high concentrations of Al, Mn, Sr, Co, Cr and Fe, mirabilite waters contain elevated levels of Ni, Pb and As, sodic waters have high concentration levels of Cu and Fe, and hydrogen carbonate waters are enriched in Zn, Ba and V. Most samples of gypsum and mirabilite waters exhibit high salinity, rendering them inappropriate for human consumption. Pollution index of groundwater (PIG), trace metal evaluation index (TMEI), contamination index (CI), trace metal pollution index (TMPI), trace metal toxicity index (TMTI), non-carcinogenic health risk (HI) and carcinogenic health risk (CR) were used to assess the level of pollution in the study area. The calculation of indices indicates that due to natural and anthropogenic pollution, the groundwater of the Pre-Volga Region is primarily contaminated with high levels of SO42-, TDS, Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, and As to a greater extent, and lesser concentrations of Ba, Pb, and Co. The study's findings will furnish valuable insights into crafting comprehensive strategies for safeguarding the quality of subterranean potable water in the Pre-Volga Region. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101005_0b8429956e240fbba801ee021932ab76.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Analysis and Monitoring of the Herbicide 2,4-D in Agricultural Drainage Systems and Karun River Using HPLC Method 889 900 101006 10.22059/poll.2025.385594.2656 EN Majid Ehteshami Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Mozhdeh Keramatzadeh Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Afshin Takdastan Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 19 The Karun River, located in Khuzestan Province in southwestern Iran, is the country’s most important waterway, playing a crucial role in drinking water supply, aquaculture, industry, and agriculture. The discharge of agricultural drainage into the river has led to contamination with various pollutants, including herbicides. One of the most commonly used herbicides in the region is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which can significantly impact river water quality. This study aims to determine the concentration of 2,4-D in agricultural drainage and the Karun River. In this study, the amount of 2,4-D herbicide was sampled and analyzed according to the standard method in summer and winter at five agricultural drainage stations and 17 Karun River stations. HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography (KNAUER) was used to measure 2,4-D. A C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used as the stationary phase, and a 2500 ultraviolet (UV) detector made in Germany was employed for detection was used to measure 2,4-D. The results revealed that 2,4-D levels exceeded permissible limits at several stations. The highest concentration in agricultural drainage was recorded at 105.26 µg/L in summer (Station 18), while the maximum concentration in river water was 66.27 µg/L (Station 2). Additionally, 2,4-D levels decreased along the river due to processes such as adsorption to suspended solids, photodegradation (UV), and microbial biodegradation. This study provides valuable insights into the distribution of 2,4-D in the Karun River and highlights the need for effective agricultural pollution management. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101006_0ae8660c9f449e41e6a239bb5996779b.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Assessment of the Toxicological Safety of Soil after the Application of Zoohumus Hermetia illucens 901 913 101007 10.22059/poll.2025.386007.2670 EN Anna Sergeevna Olkova Vyatka State University, Moskovskaya Str. 36, Kirov, 610001, Kirov region, Russia Еkaterina Koval Agrotechnological Institute of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nothern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University", Respubliki Str. 7, Tyumen, Tyumen region, 625003, Russia Ekaterina Alekseevna Pushkareva Agrotechnological Institute of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nothern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University", Respubliki Str. 7, Tyumen, Tyumen region, 625003, Russia Aleksandr Anatolievich Lyashchev Agrotechnological Institute of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nothern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University", Respubliki Str. 7, Tyumen, Tyumen region, 625003, Russia Journal Article 2024 11 27 The problem of finding environmentally friendly organic fertilizers is obvious. The aim of the work was to determine safe doses of Hermetia illucens L. zoohumus application to low fertility soil. A field experiment was conducted on plots of 1 m2. Zoohumus was applied to the soil in doses of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 kg/m2. The field germination of Triticum aestivum L. wheat, the growth of its aboveground parts on the 14th day and 117th day of the experiment were determined, and also conducted bioassays on the chemotaxis of Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg and bioluminescence of Escherichia coli Migula. On the 14th day of the experiment the germination of T. aestivum was reduced (by 56-77% compared to the control, r = -0.72). However, on the 117th day of the experiment, an increase in the number of shoots and their length compared to the control was shown, the maximum being for the variants of 0.5-1.5 kg/m2 of zoohumus (p<0.05). Bioassays made it possible to clarify the optimal doses of zoohumus application to the soil. Safe options for soil fertilization were additives of zoohumus from 0.5 to 1.0 kg/m2. Thus, the effectiveness of H. illucens zoohumus as an organic fertilizer was confirmed and it was proven for the first time that the soil does not change toxicological indicators when optimal dosages are observed. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101007_9f51adc7df6b9000a91ec6165948bab5.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Composition of Hydrocarbons in Soils and Bottom Sediments of The North Crimean Canal within the Settlements of Crimea 914 923 101008 10.22059/poll.2025.386540.2686 EN Olga Soloveva A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation Elena Tikhonova A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation Journal Article 2024 12 05 The North Crimean Canal was built to irrigate the steppe part of the Crimean Peninsula with the waters of the Dnieper River. It was a source of water supply, so its water quality was controlled. Despite the fact that sediments are a reliable indicator of chronic processes in reservoirs, the state of the canal bottom sediments has not been studied previously. The aim of this work was to determine the hydrocarbon composition of the North Crimean Canal bottom sediments and soils from adjacent territories to assess the level of their pollution and identify probable sources of organic pollutants in the canal bottom sediments. The content of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and n-alkanes was determined by the gas chromatography method. The TPHs concentration in the soil on the bank of the North Crimean Canal fluctuated in range of 18,1 to 163,0 mg/kg, in canal bottom sediments – in range of 8,5 to 74,3 mg/kg. The dominant sources of organic compounds entering the canal bottom sediments were the runoff and aeolian transfer from adjacent territories, which was expressed in a high proportion of allochthonous n-alkanes in the bottom sediments. The evidence of relatively recent oil pollution in the composition of the soil and bottom sediments have been identified. According to the biodegradation parameter (Ki) values, oil hydrocarbons in bottom sediments were predominantly more transformed than in soil. Consequently, it could be assumed that pollution of adjacent territories was the source of oil pollution entering the canal bed. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101008_8caccdef39b674325d96be0fb04ba5b7.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Physical Characteristics and Topographic Composition of Infectious Waste Combustion Residues in Toxic Hazardous Waste Processing Companies 924 937 101009 10.22059/poll.2025.386840.2694 EN Siti Rachmawati Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Dzakiyy Sholih Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Devi Mayang Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Journal Article 2024 12 11 The residue produced and left behind under the burning furnace (incinerator) from the burning of infectious waste is a category of hazardous and toxic waste. The residue from combustion contains heavy metals, which can harm the environment and the health of living creatures. Good management must be implemented to reduce the resulting impacts, one of which is utilization. Appropriate utilization can be done by knowing the characteristics of combustion residues both physically and topographically. The main objective of this research is to analyze the physical characteristics of infectious waste combustion residues and topographic composition. Physical characteristics include water content parameters using SNI 03–1971–1990, mud content parameters using the settling method, gradation parameters using the sieve method, specific gravity parameters using SNI 1970:2008, and water absorption parameters using oven drying. Topographic composition was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The water content obtained in the residue was 9.55%, the mud content was 34.1%, the specific gravity result was 1.82, and the gradation of the ash fell into the zone 2 category, indicating that the fine aggregate tested fell into the medium sand size category, water absorption/absorption shows 10.65%. SEM results show the presence of crystalline particles with sharp edges and flat surfaces, as well as amorphous particles that are more irregular and hollow. Utilization can be done on residues from burning medical waste, one of which is as a substitute for sand in the medium category. Utilization can be made into several products that use medium category sand and are given a additives or pozzolan mixture to prevent leaching. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101009_b691feaf35a5c21da01a0056c9e6c71e.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Characterization and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter in Manesar, Gurugram 938 954 101010 10.22059/poll.2025.386944.2696 EN Vandana Yadav Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied and Basic Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India Vikram Mor Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied and Basic Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India Wazir Singh Department of Environmental Science, GL Bajaj college, Varindavan, India Journal Article 2024 12 13 This study provides insights into the ambient particulate matter (PM) concentration, chemical characterization, source apportionment, and associated heavy metals in Manesar, Gurugram. It is a rapidly growing industrial hub, experiencing severe air pollution. This highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive study to analyze ambient PM at the study site. Therefore, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) samples were collected on glass fiber filters over two years, excluding the monsoon season. The sampling was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 and October 2023 to April 2024. Heavy metals were quantified using ICP-MS (Agilent 7800). The average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 during the study period were 180.98 μg/m³ and 107.25 μg/m³, respectively, exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). A substantial seasonal variation was observed, with peak concentrations occurring in the post-monsoon season followed by winter. Among the analyzed heavy metals, Fe (10.89 μg/m³) exhibited the highest average concentration, followed by Mn (0.283 μg/m³). Seasonal variation was also evident in heavy metal concentrations, with maxima in post-monsoon, and followed by winter. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis classified nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) as less enriched, while lead (Pb) was highly enriched. Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Particulate matter, revealed that vehicles and industrial emissions were the primary sources of the heavy metals in the ambient air of study area. These findings highlight the necessity to implement the strategies for controlling vehicular and industrial emission to reduce the PM concentration. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101010_e7bbe00c0549e3f54aced5b662fca97b.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Spatial Structure and Visual Pollution in Urban Landscapes: Insights from Tajrish Square 955 972 101011 10.22059/poll.2025.387167.2703 EN Azadeh Mohajer Milani Department of Environmental Design, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Homa Assarzadeh Department of Environmental Design, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 18 Over the 20th and 21st centuries, rapid urban development has significantly altered urban landscape, often resulting in unfavorable changes. These changes have altered user perceptions of visual quality. While prior studies have examined urban aesthetics, few have explored how spatial structure directly shapes visual pollution, particularly in dynamic and rapidly urbanizing contexts. This research addresses the visual quality of urban landscape by asking: How does spatial structure influence visual pollution? A mixed-methods approach was employed, using Tajrish Square as a case study. The findings from the questionnaire surveys and visual graph analysis, categorized into four types: form, function, furniture and infrastructure, highlighted the critical role of spatial structure components in contributing to visual pollution of the urban landscape. Key factors include poor urban composition, substandard access networks, inconsistent facades, excessive advertisements, litter, insufficient green spaces, and suspended cables. The studies also showed that visual pollution in the Tajrish area focuses more on urban form factors such as land use patterns, the placement of urban elements—including public transport stations and religious sites— traffic network, congestion nodes, in addition to pedestrian network’s geometric continuity and accessibility. The research highlights how poor landmark access and spatial design amplify visual pollution, reducing urban coherence and quality. These findings provide actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of integrating spatial structure considerations into urban planning to enhance visual coherence and mitigate pollution in similar urban landscapes. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101011_d2dd7b400cc028ceca4604f712b1a154.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 3 2025 07 01 Comprehensive Analysis of Tourism Ecosystem Health Assessment (Case Study: Western basin of the Hyrcanian forests) 973 985 101012 10.22059/poll.2025.387850.2715 EN Mahnaz Jadidi Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Amiri Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad Faryadi Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 12 30 Human activities are increasingly impacting landscapes, creating significant social, economic, and environmental challenges that threaten sustainable development in both urban and rural areas. Ecosystem health, fundamental to sustainable development, directly and indirectly influences human well-being.  The rapid expansion of tourism in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, exemplifies this challenge.  While tourism is often considered relatively environmentally friendly, its complex interactions within the tourism ecosystem necessitate comprehensive assessment. This 2023 study utilized the VORSH model, a robust framework encompassing productive capacity, structural integrity, resilience, ecosystem service functionality, and socio-economic indicators, to evaluate the health of Mazandaran's tourism ecosystems. Analysis of the health score of the study area showed a value between 0.2 and 0.8. Although 54% of the region has good health and 24% has moderate health, 22% has a worrying level. Coastal areas displayed the most severe impacts, with degradation escalating from west to east.  This trend, if left unchecked, will likely result in irreversible environmental damage. The findings emphasize the urgent need for proactive, sustainable tourism management strategies to protect Mazandaran's valuable ecosystems and ensure long-term socio-economic well-being. Further research should focus on targeted interventions to mitigate identified vulnerabilities. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101012_6dce1a2761c5040836310f01a867f7c2.pdf