University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Cancer Risk Assessment and Statistical Modeling of Particulate Matter and Toxic Metal Exposure in Air due to Metro Train Project in Lahore, Pakistan 986 1004 103748 10.22059/poll.2025.381330.2519 EN Muhammad Irfan Jalees Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890 Khadijah Javed Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890 Waqas Maqsood Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890 Azhar Ali Kazmi Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890 Meher Yab Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 54890 Journal Article 2024 08 23 The air quality of metropolitan cities of developing countries is deteriorating rapidly. In Pakistan, Lahore city is a significant development hub (construction and industrialization). The current study deals with the quality of air due to anthropogenic activities. The sampling was conducted for four months during the Orange Line Metro Train construction. The parameters are particulate matter, toxic metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cr, Mn, and Cd), and anions (Sulphates and Chlorides). The analysis of these pollutants was performed using standard methods. The descriptive statistics showed that the particulate matter had the highest concentration (38.31 mg/m3) while the lowest was for copper (1948 µg/m3). All parameters showed values above any guideline values of any agency or country. The parameters showed positively skewed data with symmetrical (toxic metals) and no-symmetrical (PM, Cl-1, and SO4-2) distribution. The ANOVA showed the Fcrit<F, which means the parameters have some correlation. Pearson correlation values were between 0.3 and 0.7, which indicates a moderate correlation. The enrichment (EF) factor showed high anthropogenic activities with a maximum EF value for Cd (7735). The PCA and CA showed construction work, wind-blown minerals, industrialization, and roadside dust. The risk analysis showed that the HQ and CR showed the following trend: Pb>Cu>Mn>Cd>Ni>Cr and Cr>Ni>Cd>Pb, respectively. The CI showed that 100 people/10,000 population were exposed to cancer risk, while HI (426) showed a severe threat. The results showed that the air quality of Lahore city is inferior and needs immediate government attention. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103748_90b8872bd7db2402dd1bc2fda6397615.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Attributed Medical Cost of Annual Multiple Sclerosis Relapses in Iran Related to Exposure of Ambient Air Particulate Matter 1005 1017 101752 10.22059/poll.2025.385165.2642 EN Shilan Mozaffari Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Nosrati Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Sahraian Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masud Yunesian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Baeeri Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Abdollahi Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shekoufeh Nikfar Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 10 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare system and society. In addition, air pollution has a high economic burden in terms of health impacts. There is growing evidence that associates the MS onset and relapse with environmental factors, including ambient air particulate matters (PM). The objective of this study was to estimate the additional direct medical costs of MS relapses related to PM exposure within a one-year timeframe in Iran. The cost of relapse management was estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Using the relevant relapse probabilities associated with PM reduction, the incremental total cost was estimated and reported as a saving cost from PM reduction. The calculated direct medical cost for managing mild relapses was 9.90 (US dollars) USD per episode, and the average costs for moderate and severe relapses were 115.17 and 515.48 USD per episode, respectively. In Iran, relapse management in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients was estimated to cost 5,365,896 USD per year. A reduction of PM per 10 μg/m³ could result in an average cost savings of 13.84 USD per RRMS patient in a given year and an average annual cost savings of 1,041,279 USD for all patients with RRMS, equal to a reduction of 19.40% of MS relapse management costs. These findings will assist policymakers in developing well-informed decisions to improve public health outcomes, including the quality of life of MS patients, besides decreasing healthcare costs. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101752_9592f716c7358ebf55a9f45646fc360b.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Environmental Parameters and Diversity of Benthic Diatoms in Tilesdit Dam, Northern of Algeria 1018 1030 101753 10.22059/poll.2025.385715.2659 EN Ibtihel Aouadi Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algérie. Fatah Zouggaghe Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité, Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algérie. Journal Article 2024 11 21 This work aims to identify for the first time the benthic diatoms of the Tilesdit dam in the Bouira region (Northern of Algeria) and to determine the factors influencing their distribution. The objective is also to assess their role as bio-indicators of water quality. This study highlighted the relationship between physicochemical parameters and the seasonal distribution of diatom species collected monthly from January 2021 to December 2021. The sampling sites for the biological study were selected downstream of the dam based on environmental criteria. Diatoms were collected and processed according to the NFT 90-345 standard. In parallel, physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ or analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. The number of species was 40, belonging to 24 genus and 8 families. The most abundant family was Naviculaceae (27.45%). Among the dominants families, those that predominate are Achnanthaceae in autumn (48%), Naviculaceae in summer (67.48%), Coxinodiscaceae in spring (37.70%) and Achnanthidiaceae in winter (34.71%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that diatom distribution in Tilesdit Dam is driven by key environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, and nutrients. Meridion, Cyclotella, and Achnanthes were associated with well-oxygenated, mineralized waters, while Fragilaria, Melosira, and Amphipleura thrived in nutrient-rich conditions, indicating eutrophication. These results confirm the strong response of diatoms to water quality variations, reinforcing their use as bioindicators. According to the results obtained, this site is characterized by good water quality, with a seasonal disturbance occurring in spring. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101753_46163219e60c7d36f61758902fd47dd4.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 A Comprehensive Study of Sustainable and Biodegradable Bioplastic Production, Characterisation, and Decomposition 1031 1041 101754 10.22059/poll.2025.385722.2664 EN Subhasish Maity Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India DR Biosciences, Research and Development Unit, Bettahalasur, Bangalore-562157, India Ayantika Santra Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India Gouthami Kuruvalli Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India Deepika Shekhawat Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India Ananda Vardhan Hebbani Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College, Bengaluru-560 043, India Althaf Hussain Shaik Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Damodara Reddy Vaddi Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India Journal Article 2024 11 23 The increased quantities of thermoplastics in the ecosystem have incurred several issues related to our planet's health. This includes the threats to the lives of aquatic and terrestrial animals. Conventional plastics are non-degradable and thus remain in the soil for ages, ultimately hampering the quality of the soil. This study aims to develop an efficient biobased plastic using basil seeds, sago dana, and arrowroot powder. Bioplastic was prepared using the solvent casting method using arrowroot powder and glycerol. The prepared bioplastic showed maximum tensile strength, characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and TGA techniques for verifying bonding, structure, and degradation. Results showed that the complete degradation of biobased plastic is observed in both soil and bacteria, which is further confirmed by the SEM analysis. In conclusion, our study reveals that the production and application of bioplastics might act as an alternative to the existing plastics and can curb the tremendous pollution caused by conventional plastics. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101754_b3a813e18bbbb799794e4963225291f3.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Sewage Sludge-Derived Activated Carbon: Influence of Chemical Activation and Pyrolysis Conditions on Morphology and Crystallinity 1042 1056 101756 10.22059/poll.2025.386767.2692 EN Salam Kadhim Al Dawery Dept. of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Sreedhar Reddy Sajjala Dept. of Civil and environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Muna Said Al Sabari Dept. of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Safa Al Fazari Dept. of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Hanan Ahmed Said Al Riyami Dept. of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih Dept. of Civil and environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Journal Article 2024 12 09 In this study activated carbon was prepared from sewage sludge through chemical activation using different chemicals such as (ZnCl2, NaOH, KOH) followed by pyrolysis in tubular furnace at (500℃, 600℃, 700℃) and further physically activated using CO2 at 400℃. Pure sludge and prepared ACs were analyzed using SEM, FTIR and XRD. The sample morphology in SEM shows that the surface morphology of each sample is quite different according to the used chemical activating reagents and relatively larger pores on the surface of the prepared activated carbon using NaOH solution for activation and pyrolysis at 500oC compared to other samples. The results showed 18% crystallinity compared to that of commercial AC with 44% crystallinity. The results of FT-IR demonstrate that the properties of the post-treated affect the final products and depend on the method used and that it contains similar functional groups to those present in the commercial AC. During carbonation process, the sludge sample lost 30-60 % of the original weight.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101756_e25313182f3c04a2b6b7b104b2d1ce4a.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 An In Silico Study on Target Gene Identification and Oral Health Conditions Linked to Coal Dust Exposure 1057 1069 101755 10.22059/poll.2025.386470.2693 EN Marvel Wendel Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 0009-0007-8207-3711 Amy Nindia Carabelly Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia Juliyatin Putri Utami Department of Biomedic, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 0000-0002-7121-3949 Journal Article 2024 12 10 The second-largest coal-producing region in Indonesia is South Kalimantan. Coal mines have an impact on the accumulation of coal dust that flies into the residential areas of local communities. The prediction of coal dust exposure-induced genes and health conditions can be conducted through in silico study. This study is aimed to identify target genes and oral health conditions linked to coal dust exposure through an in silico study. Key coal compounds and oral health-related target genes were determined using network pharmacology analysis platforms. The datasets were downloaded from CTD database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID bioinformatics. PPI network was constructed using STRING. The disease-related genes integrative analysis was performed through CTD and HPA. Fifteen coal exposure markers were obtained to identify the gene interaction. The  two main exposure markers were particulate matter and benzo(a)pyrene. There were 20 genes with more than 100 interactions selected as the coal dust exposure marker-related genes. Information on biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, and pathway enrichment were obtained (p<0.05, FDR corrected). The PPI network was constructed. Target genes related to oral health conditions and coal dust exposure were found to be IL6, PTGS2, TNF, IL1B, CXCL8, MAPK3, TP53, RELA, CCL2, and HMOX1. The oral health conditions that were strongly linked to coal dust exposure were inflammation, necrosis, edema, pain, hyperplasia, and neoplasms. In conclusion, the main target gene identified was IL6, indicating a major role in inflammatory pathways affecting oral health conditions linked to coal dust exposure. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101755_9dce1d5607897ed27471e1bf804400e2.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Investigation of Improving Measures in the Iranian Plastic Waste Management System to Determine Gaps and Formulate Future Strategies 1070 1085 103789 10.22059/poll.2025.387301.2705 EN Khatereh Feyzbakhsh Vaghef Department of Natural Resources and Environment, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran SeyedMasoud Monavari Department of Natural Resources and Environment, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Abedi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohhamadi Department of Natural Resources and Environment, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza Karbassi Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 02 12 Effective plastic waste management is a critical challenge in achieving sustainable development. This study evaluates the gaps in Iran’s plastic waste management system through the lens of Environmentally Sound Management (ESM) principles, with a focus on enhancing its sustainability and alignment with international standards. The Basel Convention Toolkit was utilized as the primary framework to assess ESM components, including waste prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling, and energy recovery. Two customized questionnaires were developed, validated using the Delphi method (by participation of 10 experts), and tested for reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.85 (ESM) and 0.9 (SWOT). The Green Productivity Methodology was applied to systematically identify gaps and formulate actionable strategies. Main causes of gaps were explored using Ishikawa diagrams, which revealed critical issues in regulatory frameworks, technological adoption, financial resources, and public awareness. Additionally, a tailored SWOT analysis evaluated internal and external factors affecting the waste management system, highlighting strengths (e.g., legislative frameworks), weaknesses (e.g., operational inefficiencies), opportunities (e.g., technological advancements), and threats (e.g., not integrating the formal and informal sectors of waste management). Based on the findings, 34 strategic recommendations were proposed, including the integration of formal and informal waste management sectors, promotion of advanced recycling technologies, establishment of supervisory structures, and implementation of awareness campaigns. These strategies aim to address the identified gaps, optimize the system’s performance, strengthen its resilience, and enhance its compliance with global sustainability standards. This study offers a comprehensive analytical framework and actionable insights that can serve as a model for improving plastic waste management systems in similar contexts. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103789_b1da497a92fc45a2ce1b9a2412b72fc9.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Testing the Effectiveness of Different Soil Media in Batch-Operated Lab-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater treatment Using Twin-Hearth Furnace Slag 1086 1097 101751 10.22059/poll.2025.372563.2717 EN Arvind Kumar Swarnakar Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India Samir Bajpai Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India Ishtiyaq Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, P.O. Box 492010, Chhattisgarh, India Journal Article 2024 12 30 This study evaluates the effectiveness of Twin-Hearth Furnace Slag (THFS) combined with local soils (Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Vertisols) as substrates in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs) for domestic wastewater treatment. Both planted and unplanted CWs were tested, with Canna indica and Typha latifolia used as macrophytes. The experimental setup involved a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 hours, with a 50:50 mixture of soil and THFS used in each CW. The results indicated significant removal efficiencies (RE) for various wastewater parameters, including BOD5 (78.7%), COD (85.3%), nitrate nitrogen (90.2%), and soluble reactive phosphorus (95.5%) in planted CWs. Unplanted CWs also showed notable treatment performance. The study concluded that the combination of THFS and soil in CWs effectively meets the effluent standards set by the central pollution control board (CPCB) and the world health organization (WHO). The findings suggest that slag-based CWs, with or without plants, offer a promising, low-cost solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in tropical regions. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101751_31854758e7cf4063305ef9eb333ef357.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Phycoremediation of Dyes: A Mini-Review on Mechanisms and Affecting Factors 1098 1110 103793 10.22059/poll.2025.388033.2721 EN Loubna Bitar Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon Saja Al-Hajj Hassan Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon Ali Jaber Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon Ghassan Ibrahim Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon Al-Kut University College, Department of Pharmacy, Wasit Governorate, Iraq Edmond Cheble Recherche et Développement des Médicaments et des Produits Naturels RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon Al-Kut University College, Department of Pharmacy, Wasit Governorate, Iraq Journal Article 2025 01 02 Pollution is a significant threat to water, the vital resource, caused by high levels of organic and inorganic pollutants, including pesticides, heavy metals, pathogens, drugs, and dyes. One promising solution is phycoremediation, which utilizes algae's naturally abundant biomass. Algae, categorized as either macroalgae or microalgae, have proven effective in pollution mitigation. Their efficiency is further enhanced after undergoing pyrolysis and conversion into biochar, as demonstrated by various studies. Methods such as adsorption, coagulation, and bioconversion have been explored for dye removal using algae. Algae have a high surface area which enables them to adsorb dye molecules and they can produce extracellular polymers that can coagulate the dye particles. Certain types of algae can break dyes down into less harmful substances. The effectiveness of algal bioremediation is influenced by factors such as pH, initial dye concentration, and the amount of algae used. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the mechanisms that the algae implement in removing the dyestuffs from wastewater, with mainly the biological, chemical, and environmental factors in mind. Thereby, this review aims at a holistic view of the algal-based strategies useful in water treatment. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103793_de21a47cd989f3c75234c3fef478b309.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Impact of Microplastics Pollution on Aquatic Life: Bioaccumulation and Ecological Consequences 1111 1130 101757 10.22059/poll.2025.388097.2723 EN Sarita Pathania Department of Zoology, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India-175001 Journal Article 2025 01 03 Microplastics consisting of plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters have been emerged as emerging pollutant worldwide due to their potential threat to life and environment. This article deals with an in-depth review of microplastics, including their origins, transport routes, bioaccumulation, and their impacts on fishes and aquatic invertebrates. Microplastics entered into aquatic environments through a variety of sources such as urban runoff, wastewater treatment plants, household items, industrial activities, and agricultural practices. Microplastics in the environment primarily originate from personal care products like microbeads and air blasting technologies. Secondary microplastics are generated from the breakdown of plastics through biological, chemical, and physical processes. The presence of microplastics in the aquatic ecosystems is controlled by their physical and chemical qualities and environmental interactions. Different analytical techniques like microscopy, spectroscopy, and chromatography are used for the detection and quantification of microplastics in the aqueous environment. The impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms like fishes and aquatic invertebrates has also been mentioned.  The ingestion of microplastics causes physical harm, gastrointestinal blockage and abrasion, as well as chemical toxicity including oxidative stress. Microplastics also interfere with growth, reproduction, neurology, and behavior, posing serious effect to aquatic organisms and ecosystems.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101757_4f3b3ccd8f26af70809ddcf01033b96e.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Multi Sustainability Analysis in the Utilization of Sediments for the Sustainable Conservation of Lake Rawapenning, Central Java, Indonesia 1131 1147 101013 10.22059/poll.2025.388134.2724 EN Farhan Akmala Putra Master of Agribusiness, Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Titik Ekowati Master of Agribusiness, Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Forita Dyah Arianti Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, 15314, Indonesia Journal Article 2025 01 04 Lake Rawapening is one of the 15 lakes prioritized under Presidential Regulation No. 60 of 2021, is experiencing considerable environmental degradation owing to sedimentation, jeopardizing water depth, quality, and ecosystem viability. This study evaluates the sustainability of sediment exploitation in Lake Rawapening, concentrating on ecological, economic, socio-cultural, technological, institutional, and infrastructural aspects. The qualitative survey had 36 participants (18 key informants, 15 primary informants, and 3 supplementary informants) and employed Multi Aspect Sustainability analysis via focus group talks and questionnaires addressing 22 qualities across essential dimensions. The findings indicate that the environmental dimension possesses a sustainability index of 66.67%, with the social dimension exerting the greatest influence at 68.75%, followed by the economic dimension at 56.25%, the legal and institutional dimension at 39.29%, and the infrastructure and technology dimension at 31.25%. This study identifies 11 leverage attributes that significantly influence the sustainability of sediment utilization: socialization and education, occupational safety, product market value, water contamination, data management, infrastructure availability, distribution systems, policy availability, regulatory compliance, legal management extension, and sanction systems. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101013_48fd99c1d37eb5ab6960d517e7a73dfd.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Microplastics Removal Efficiencies by Non-Sewered and Sewered Wastewater Treatment Systems and Potentials of the Algal-Bacterial System 1148 1160 103794 10.22059/poll.2025.388116.2726 EN Kesirine Jinda Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat school of Engineering, Thammasat University, P.O.Box 22, Klong Luang, Pathum thani, 12121, Thailand Thammarat Koottatep Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O.Box 4 , Klong Luang, Pathum thani, 12120, Thailand Chawalit Chaiwong Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat school of Engineering, Thammasat University, P.O.Box 22, Klong Luang, Pathum thani, 12121, Thailand Chongrak Polprasert Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O.Box 4 , Klong Luang, Pathum thani, 12120, Thailand Journal Article 2025 01 05 Wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs) are a major source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. In this study, the influent, effluent, and sludge samples from three non-sewered and two sewered WWTSs were analyzed. The samples were collected and filtered through two sized mesh sieves (5.6 and 0.3 mm). The retained residues were pretreated and observed under a digital microscope for their abundance and characteristics. Results showed that MPs concentrations in the influent of the non-sewered and sewered WWTSs were 3 – 6 and 1.6 – 2.0 particles/L, respectively, with the removal efficiencies ranging from 83 – 94 and 74 – 78 %. Due to their higher MPs loading rates and shorter HRT, the sewered WWTSs had less efficient in MPs removal than the non-sewered WWTSs. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was the most polymer type found in all samples, while fiber accounted for about 70-95% of all samples. The results indicated that the MPs in wastewater could be partially removed and accumulated with the sludge in both non-sewered and sewered WWTSs. To minimize the impacts of MPs contained in the treated effluents, the results of the biosorption experiments showed the potential of the algal-bacterial system in which the operation time of 96 h had the highest biomass production of 220 mg/L and the MP removal efficiency and capacity of 88-90% and 587 mg/g, respectively. Because the algal-bacterial system operating at 96 h was effective in COD, TN and TP removal, it is strongly recommended for use in both MP removal and wastewater treatment.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103794_883f957d145e860433c89dd6cc4aeeb7.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Magnetic Field Induced Changes in Surface Tension in Pure Water and Polystyrene Micro-Nanoparticle Dispersions 1161 1173 101758 10.22059/poll.2025.388248.2731 EN Mitra Nikpay Graduate the Institute for Urban Water Management, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany 0000-0003-1682-068X Davood Toorchi Roodsari Graduate the Institute of Structural Analysis, TU Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany Journal Article 2025 01 05 The escalating presence of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric ecosystems has raised significant environmental concerns, driving the urgent need for the development of effective separation techniques. This study examines the fundamental mechanisms of a novel method for separating microplastics using magnetic force and investigates its effects on dynamic surface tension. The surface tension behavior of degassed DI water and water containing polystyrene (PS) micro-nanoparticles (MNPs) was studied under the influence of a relatively weak magnetic field. The results confirmed notable changes in the dynamic surface tension of both systems. In degassed water, the presence of a magnetic field induced fluctuations and increased surface tension. Conversely, in the PS-water system, the magnetic field led to a significant reduction in surface tension at the air interface. Further experiments using a magnetometer to analyze PS particles in the degassed DI water provided insights into the behavior of PS particles in aqueous environments. This study offers understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern dynamic surface tension and the interaction between PS-MNPs and magnetic forces. The findings have implications for understanding the fundamental physics of separation technologies, aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of microplastics. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101758_e3803d1cc9cfa988bf4dcafd9face859.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Elixir of Adversity: Unearthing the Alchemical Link between Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Socio-Economic Metamorphosis through a Systematic Review 1174 1198 103796 10.22059/poll.2025.387254.2737 EN Kismode Doha Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India -202002 Syed Naushad Ahmad Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India -202002 Sk Ajim Ali Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India -202002 Global Development Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK MD Samim Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India -202002 Farhana Parvin Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India -202002 Journal Article 2025 01 07 Although arsenic contamination of groundwater was identified late in the 20th century but research on this topic gained significant attention in the early 21st century. Most of the study primarily focused on sources, health effects, removal methods, and mitigation in a particular area. Overall, research on the socioeconomic repercussions remained limited. The geological structure, demographics, and infrastructure of the Bengal Delta Plain region, though not exclusively, led to its selection as the study's focal point. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 41 pieces of literature using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus—three extensively used databases, revealing a skewed emphasis on the Bengal Delta Plain (70.73%), with fewer studies focusing on other Indian regions (17.07%) and international contexts (12.20%).  Analysis revealed that lower socioeconomic status is associated with increased susceptibility and was exacerbated by factors such as prolonged exposure, lack of education, and malnutrition. The effects of the consumption of arsenic-contaminated water and food were manifested in compromised health, decreased agricultural output, limited access to potable water, financial strains, and stunted development. The study, thus, emphasised the urgency of attention to the welfare of arsenic-affected communities globally, particularly in underdeveloped regions through a comprehensive understanding of the very complicated socioeconomic effects of arsenic contamination. However, the focus should be on empowering the community through awareness, education, and engagement in combating the deleterious impacts of arsenic contamination on various facets of human development. Further, it proposed a holistic approach to health interventions with socioeconomic empowerment that breaks underdevelopment cycles and promotes inclusive and sustainable progress through interdisciplinary research and collaborative approaches. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103796_837824c6587d94fdc799d05c02dcd621.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 A Hybrid Machine Learning Model Based on Deep Learning for Air Quality Prediction 1199 1215 103797 10.22059/poll.2025.388743.2750 EN Mohammad Reza Mehregan Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard Department of Information Technology and Operations Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran Amir Mohammad Khani Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Arman Rezasoltani Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Nikkhah Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Industrial Management and Technology, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 18 Air pollution is a major global challenge, significantly and directly affecting public health, urban sustainability, and environmental policy. Accurate air quality prediction has increasingly become essential to address the challenges posed by environmental adversities. This study proposes a novel hybrid machine learning model that combines deep learning and advanced ensemble techniques to improve air quality prediction. This model combines Deep Neural Network (DNN), along with ensemble learning algorithms such as XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and Random Forest as a metamodel to aggregate the predictions. The model was tested on a dataset that included environmental aspects ranging from PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2 variables to socio-economic variables such as proximity to industrial areas and population density. Feature selection and data imbalance were handled using RFECV and SMOTE, respectively. The tuning of the hyperparameters in the model was done using both TPE implemented by Optuna and Bayesian optimization by Keras-Tuner. This model can achieve a remarkable accuracy of 97.34%, which is superior to conventional approaches. The results present a case for building hybrid machine learning techniques for air quality prediction as a basis for intelligent global environmental monitoring in an interpretable, accurate, and scalable manner. Future work can integrate the real-time incoming data from the Internet of Things (IOT) and extend the model concept for multi-prediction benchmarks to other environmental indices, thus broadening its horizon and applicability to upcoming global environmental challenges. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103797_d56e8d34a1239b7ee63de66ef7e275d2.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater: Contamination Sources, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, and Treatment Impact in Southern Vietnam 1216 1226 103798 10.22059/poll.2025.388840.2753 EN Minh Trong Quang Department of Microbiology - Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Thuy Thi Thu Mai Department of Microbiology - Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Dieu Mai Xuan Do Department of Microbiology - Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Huy Thanh Nguyen Department of Microbiology - Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Thai Minh Nguyen Department of Microbiology - Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Journal Article 2025 01 16 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global challenge, and wastewater is a significant reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study investigates bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in wastewater from Southern Vietnam, specifically from the regions of Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, and Ho Chi Minh City, by analyzing 105 samples of treated and untreated wastewater from healthcare, industrial, pharmaceutical, livestock, food production, and residential sources. Bacterial contamination was observed in 33.3% of samples, with untreated wastewater exhibiting higher contamination rates (38.6%) than treated wastewater (29.5%). The pharmaceutical and industrial wastewaters exhibited the highest contamination rates of 100% and 39.4%, respectively. Among the 51 bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas (27.5%), Burkholderia (23.5%), and Enterobacter (21.6%) were the predominant genera. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates, with 66.7% of isolates resistant to tetracycline, 33.3% resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime, and 28.2% resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 25.5% of the isolates, with the highest MDR rates recorded in pharmaceutical (100%) and industrial (68.3%) wastewaters. These findings emphasize the need for stricter regulations on wastewater discharge, particularly from the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors, alongside the implementation of advanced wastewater treatment technologies and routine surveillance programs to mitigate the spread of AMR. This study highlights the regional dynamics of AMR in Vietnam and contributes to the global understanding of wastewater’s role in AMR dissemination, providing a foundation for targeted interventions to protect public health and the environment. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103798_832bbec09a0b0adf4a2d41a93333b2aa.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Extraction of Naphthalene using Methanol in Batch and Dynamic Mode, Optimization Applying Response Surface Methodology 1227 1241 103799 10.22059/poll.2025.389000.2756 EN Farida Bendebane Laboratory LOMOP, Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Algeria Salima Bendebane National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Laboratory L3M, 23005, Annaba, Algeria Hawa Bendebane Laboratory LOMOP, Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Algeria Fadhel Ismail Laboratory LOMOP, Department of Process Engineering, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Algeria Journal Article 2025 01 19 A laboratory study on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) system was carried out in batch and dynamic modes to extract naphthalene from fuel-oil, using methanol as extractant. <br />This study investigates the optimization of naphthalene extraction using methanol in both batch and dynamic LLE modes.<br />In batch mode, a Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize extraction parameters: extraction ratio (R), contact time (t), temperature (T), and stirring speed (SS). In dynamic mode, a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of feed input, extraction ratio, and successive extractions.<br />Batch extraction yielded an optimum naphthalene removal of 80.62% at R = 1.5, t = 5 min, <br />T = 5°C, and SS = 100 rpm. Successive extractions led to complete removal. Dynamic extraction achieved total elimination at 30 mL/h, R = 1.5, and three successive extractions.<br />This study demonstrates the feasibility of using methanol for efficient naphthalene extraction. Future research should focus on solvent regeneration and industrial-scale applications. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103799_80c9e11275a150b6e48176166fd3c20b.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Assessing the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from ambient air using tree leaves in Gorgan, Iran 1242 1259 103800 10.22059/poll.2025.389118.2760 EN Seyed Mahmoud Mehdinia Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hadi Rahimzade Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Somaye Beirami Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Hosein Ali Nikbakht Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hassan Reza Rokni Health Research Institute, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Ebrahim Chavoshi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Environmental Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hosein Faraji Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 20 Trees are effectively used as biological indicators of urban environmental pollution and can demonstrate the amount and intensity of pollutant accumulation. This cross-sectional-analytical study aimed to Assessing the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from ambient air using tree leaves in Gorgan. Samples were collected from two types of trees in urban areas. Therefore, considering the number of trees (two types of elm and plane), 52 leaf samples (26 summer samples, 26 winter samples), 13 soil samples and 13 water samples were collected. Graphite Furnace Analyst 700 and ICP-MS7500cs atomic absorption spectrometers were used to measure metals. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 at a significance level of 5%. The highest concentration of Pb in dust in Platanus leaves was 60 mg/kg in the dry season. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean concentrations of Pb and Cr in dust accumulated on trees in the dry and wet seasons (P < 0.05). The highest average PM2.5 were related to the Ulmus tree species. The highest and lowest (TTHQ) were determined for the Platanus tree in the children group (3×10-4) and in the adult group (6.1×10-5), respectively. The highest and lowest (TLCR) values were found in the Ulmus tree in the adult group (2.1×10-9). Traffic sources play an important role in the production of heavy metals in dust, and dust particles can be used as an indicator of air pollution by heavy metals and suspended particles.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103800_9061afa8355be2d493e51eb001742164.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Optimization of Ferrofluid Based Microplastics Removal: A Case Study of Kibangu River, Tanzania 1260 1275 101761 10.22059/poll.2025.389227.2767 EN Niyobuhungiro Jean Bertrand Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Wen Xu Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Momburi Lilian Thomas Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Minja Gorge Michael Ardhi University, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Ndayishimiye Christian College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Thando Dlamini Lungelo Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China Journal Article 2025 01 22 Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a major global environmental concern, significantly affecting aquatic ecosystems. This study assessed MP contamination in the Kibangu River and developed a novel ferrofluid-based method for MP removal. MP abundance in the river ranges from 9 to 21 particles/l, with an average of 15 particles/l. The highest abundance was recorded at the Riverside Interchange (21 particles/l), while Nida Textiles exhibited the lowest (9 particles/l). Optimization experiments identified 3.2 g/l ferrofluid concentration and a 25-minute contact time as the most effective conditions for removal, beyond which no significant improvement was observed. Removal efficiency varied with MP size and polymer type; smaller particles (38 µm) exhibited higher removal rates due to their larger surface area to volume ratio. Polyethylene (PE) achieved a 93% removal rate, while polypropylene (PP) reached 88%. Fresh vegetable and castor oils significantly enhanced ferrofluid performance at lower concentrations (1–1.5 ml), with fresh vegetable oil showing the highest efficiency. However, higher oil concentrations and used oils were less effective. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing oil selection and operational parameters to enhance MP removal. This study presents a scalable, environmentally friendly solution to mitigate MP pollution, providing a foundation for further research and potential applications in water treatment and environmental management. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101761_4ab2cca29a6336ee84c328008d70aa33.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Fluorescent Lamp Disposal using Extended Group Fuzzy TOPSIS and Two-Tuple Linguistic Representation 1276 1291 103801 10.22059/poll.2025.389009.2769 EN Mohammad Ali Bagherzadeh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, 7631818356, Iran Mahboubeh Afzali Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, 7631818356, Iran Hossein Vahidi Department of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, 7631818356, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 23 The improper disposal of used fluorescent lamps poses serious environmental and public health risks because of their mercury content and other hazardous materials. Despite growing awareness, the absence of a structured and sustainable disposal strategy remains a major challenge for many developing countries. This study aims to evaluate and prioritize alternative disposal scenarios for fluorescent lamp waste in Iran, taking into account environmental, economic, and social dimensions. To achieve this, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach was adopted, combining an extended group fuzzy TOPSIS method with the 2-tuple linguistic representation model to handle expert opinions under uncertainty. Four practical scenarios were analyzed: long-term storage, recycling with residue disposal, landfilling, and cement co-processing. The results revealed that the scenario involving crushing, processing, washing, recycling, and disposal of residue achieved the highest sustainability score, offering a balanced performance across all criteria. Its ranking is supported by prior studies emphasizing integrated recovery systems and circular economy benefits. The findings not only validate the proposed hybrid decision-making model but also provide a replicable framework to guide policymakers, environmental regulators, and waste management stakeholders in developing sustainable e-waste strategies. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103801_ff3bf7bd3b5151060e61e7cff234a330.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Modeling and Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Pakistan Using ARIMA Model: Implications for Climate Change 1292 1305 101759 10.22059/poll.2025.388580.2780 EN Yasir Malik COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Romana Jamshed COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Asim Yaqub COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Maria Siddique COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Romana Khan COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Journal Article 2025 02 01 Greenhouse gases emissions, notably CO2, into atmosphere has driven profound climate change and amplified global warming. This phenomenon not only compromises environmental integrity but also poses a threat to sustainable development, giving rise to a multitude of environmental challenges. Despite the pressing need to mitigate climate change, there is a lack of comprehensive forecasting models specifically tailored to predict CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in Pakistan. Therefore, emissions data of 1990-2020 was obtained from IEA (International Energy Agency) to forecast future increase in CO2  using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting CO2 and assessing the implications of forecasted CO2 emissions on climate change. ARIMA model emphasizes on autocorrelations in time series and higher accuracy compared to other models. Exact order for “p” and “q” was determined using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) to specify the MA (q) and AR (p) order in ARIMA forecasting. ARIMA (2,1,2), ARIMA (6,1,2) and ARIMA (10,1,10) were finalized to analyze the data. Among these ARIMA (6,1,2) was found suitable to forecast CO2 emissions. Analysis of the data from 2021-2030 confirmed 220.117 Mt CO2 rise by 2030. This represents a 9.188% increase in CO2 emissions over the forecast period, highlighting a significant growth rate compared to the initial increase observed in 2021. This increase will not only disturb the environment, but it will also put serious implications on social and economic development of Pakistan. This study will help the policy makers and other stakeholders to take proactive actions and sustainable practices to balance economic development and environmental ministration. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_101759_b70f32afb407df037e4b43284480d560.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Adsorptive Removal of Crystal violet Dye Using Biochar Synthesised from Agriculture Residue: A Sustainable Study 1306 1320 103802 10.22059/poll.2025.390103.2788 EN Jyoti Chowdhry Department of Environmental Science, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001. Haryana, India Khush Kataria Department of Environmental Science, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001. Haryana, India Pradeep Khyalia Department of Environmental Science, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001. Haryana, India Jitender Singh Laura Department of Environmental Science, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001. Haryana, India Meenakshi Nandal Department of Environmental Science, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001. Haryana, India Journal Article 2025 02 07 In recent years, there has been a growing interest in eliminating pollutants from aqueous solutions through adsorption onto carbonaceous materials. Rice straw biochar (RCB) and sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCB) were evaluated as adsorbents for removing crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. pH (1–12), adsorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g/L), CV concentration (10–50 mg/L), and contact time (30–150 min) were varied at room temperature to obtain the optimum condition. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 476.2 and 161.29 mg/g for SCB and RCB, respectively were obtained at optimum condition. The adsorption equilibria fitted best to the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9985), and the kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9907), indicating chemisorption and monolayer coverage. Under these conditions, Crystal violet dye removal efficiencies exceeded 90% for both biochars. These results demonstrate the high potential of RCB and SCB as low-cost bioadsorbents for effective CV dye removal in the wastewater treatment. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103802_3d659593f05bdf78180394349428689f.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Socioeconomic Characteristics, Environmental Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Quieter Transport: A Comparative Study of four Cities in Central Ecuador 1321 1337 103803 10.22059/poll.2025.390492.2799 EN Estefanía Altamirano-Freire Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis and Río Payamino 180104, Ambato, Ecuador Carlos Moreno-Miranda Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis and Río Payamino 180104, Ambato, Ecuador Environmental Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands Research and Development Directorate, Faculty of Science and Engineering in Food and Biotechnology, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Av. Los Chasquis and Río Payamino 180104, Ambato, Ecuador Journal Article 2025 02 13 Urbanization and increased reliance on motorized transport have exacerbated noise pollution. While the economic value of noise abatement is established, research on public preferences for noise reduction in urban bus transport remains limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the willingness to pay (WTP) for quieter bus transport among residents in four Ecuadorian cities: Ambato, Baños, Riobamba, and Latacunga, each with distinct urban characteristics. Using a logistic regression analysis of 402 respondents, the study identified key socioeconomic and noise perception factors influencing WTP. Results show that a significant portion of residents are willing to pay for quieter buses, with WTP varying significantly across cities (F=504.12, p<0.001). Ambato, the most urbanized city, exhibited the highest WTP (mean WTP of 34, compared to 22-27 in other cities) and highest noise exposure (intensity 4.6, frequency 25.5). Logit regression revealed that age significantly influenced WTP (OR = 1.11, p < 0.05), with younger residents more inclined to pay. Similarly, higher education levels significantly increased WTP (OR = 0.591, p < 0.01). Income also positively influenced WTP (OR = 1.109, p < 0.05). Longer residence (OR = 0.622, p < 0.01) and higher environmental awareness (OR = 0.547, p < 0.01) were associated with lower WTP, while increased noise exposure intensity (OR = 1.058, p < 0.01) and frequency (OR = 1.175, p < 0.01) positively impacted WTP. These findings offer critical data for urban planners and policymakers, guiding the implementation of targeted noise mitigation strategies such as quieter bus adoption, optimized route planning, and noise barriers, tailored to specific urban contexts and resident characteristics. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103803_ef2bac2c2bebe7404943a43d8efd466c.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 The Distribution of Radioactive Elements in Peatlands of the Island Territories of the Russian Arctic (using the example of Kolguev Island) 1338 1349 103804 10.22059/poll.2025.391182.2816 EN Anna Lukoshkova Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Evgeny Yakovlev Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Andrei Puchkov Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Angelina Lipkina Department of Geoecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Universitetskaya Embankment, Building 7-9, 199034, Russia Alexander Orlov Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Vladimir Bykov Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Pavel Lapikov Laboratory of Environmental Radiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center for Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Lavrov of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Nikolsky Avenue, Building 20, 163020, Russia Journal Article 2025 02 26 The distribution of radioactive elements in the peatlands of the island territories of the Russian Arctic has been studied for the first time (using the example of Kolguev Island).<br />The results showed that the total specific alpha activity of the peat is in the range of 16-87 Bq/kg; <br />the total specific beta activity is 13-221 Bq/kg. The distribution of radioactive elements in the peatland is heterogeneous. The specific activities are concentrated in the upper layer of the peat (at a depth of 0-9 cm). Strontium-90 is concentrated at a depth of 0-15 cm. The lower layers of the peat have the lowest radioactivity. The peatland on the island has an extremely low accumulation rate of radioactive elements (about 0.10 cm/year). If the current warming trend continues, the thawing of permafrost may lead to the migration of radioactive elements from the upper layers of the peatland to the lower layers. The radioactivity of the peatland is attributed to its mineral composition. Increased alpha and beta specific activities of natural and technogenic radioactive elements have not been registered. The research results provide valuable information for predicting the migration of radioactive elements in peatlands under changing environmental conditions due to rapid climate warming in the Arctic. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103804_00851f0cddb84ea9cd67ef600f2e64d8.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Lagrangian Model Analysis for Nuclear Materials Dispersion in Marine Environments (Persian Gulf) 1350 1362 103805 10.22059/poll.2025.391262.2821 EN Maryam Mohammadi Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, P.O.Box 7193616548, Shiraz, Iran Ahmad Pirouzmand Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, P.O.Box 7193616548, Shiraz, Iran Safety Research Center, Shiraz University, P.O.Box 7193616548, Shiraz, Iran Kamal Hadad Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, P.O.Box 7193616548, Shiraz, Iran Safety Research Center, Shiraz University, P.O.Box 7193616548, Shiraz, Iran Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 43189-36199, Shahrood, Iran Journal Article 2025 02 28 This study analyzes the sensitivity of a Lagrangian model for the dispersion of nuclear materials in marine environments. The dispersion modeling of radionuclides in marine environments is a crucial step in an effective emergency preparedness and response (EPR) framework. The impact of number of particles, time step, and distance from the pollutant source on the output of the Lagrangian model was evaluated. According to the results, to keep the model's output unchanged when repeating the simulation, the initial number of particles must be at least 400,000. The minimum time step that maximizes accuracy is equal to the time step of the model's input data, but reducing the time step increases computational costs and execution time. Although distance from the pollution source did not significantly affect concentration levels, at grid points with high concentrations, the coefficient of variation was lower across different implementations, regardless of distance from the pollution source. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first sensitivity analysis of a Lagrangian model’s parameters for radionuclide dispersion in the Persian Gulf. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103805_9497d7f095a9546a7d8a88ca22a52852.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Modeling as a New Tool to Predict Slow sand Filtration Efficiency to Remove Pb from Contaminated Water: Water Velocity Effect 1363 1370 103806 10.22059/poll.2025.391518.2826 EN Yassir Barkouch Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Gueliz, Marrakech, Morocco Khadija Flata Regional Laboratory for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Environmental Hygiene, Boulevard des Hôpitaux, Gueliz-Marrakesh, Morocco El Fadeli Sana Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technology, ISPITS – Marrakech, Morocco Alain Pineau UFR de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Centre de Dosage des Eléments Minéraux, (CDEM), 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, 44035 Nantes, France Journal Article 2025 03 04 To address water scarcity in the Marrakech region of Morocco, the agricultural reuse of wastewater emerges as a promising solution. Slow sand filtration has gained prominence in wastewater treatment, presenting an effective approach. This study explores the potential of slow sand filtration in removing Pb from contaminated water, specifically from the Tensift River, which receives wastewater directly from the industrial unit of Zn and Pb extraction at the Draa Lasfar mine situated 13 km northwest of Marrakech City. Physicochemical analysis revealed Pb concentrations of 133 ± 16 µg/L upstream and 317 ± 27 µg/L downstream of the mine discharge point. This study incorporates a continuous fixed-bed adsorption study, utilizing sand as an adsorbent for Pb. The impact of three water velocites (0.5, 1, and 2.5 cm/min) on the removal process is investigated, revealing that breakthrough curves are influenced by water velocity. Results showed that the lowest velocity (0.5 cm/min) achieved the best Pb removal, with delayed breakthrough and improved adsorption efficiency. The saturation of the adsorption sites was reached more rapidly at higher velocities (2.5 cm/min). This phenomenon is attributed to slower transport at low velocities, allowing sufficient time for Pb to bond with sand sites. A logistic model was applied to describe the adsorption kinetics, demonstrating good agreement between predicted and experimental breakthrough curves. This model incorporated water velocity (Vi), Pb concentration [Pb](t), and a system-specific constant K, offering a predictive tool for optimizing filtration performance in real conditions. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103806_64511d81844d39acadda412921bb6e84.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Assessing the Ecological Integrity of a Rural River using Macroinvertebrate Diversity and their Functional Feeding Groups in North-Central Nigeria 1371 1383 103807 10.22059/poll.2025.392106.2841 EN Kabir Mohammed Adamu Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria Yakubu Manbe Mohammed Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria Aisha Ndajiya Mohammed Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria Hafsat Oladunni Muhammad Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria Eunice Ojoma Ikayaja Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Animal Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria Journal Article 2025 03 14 Globally, freshwater is one of the most threatened habitats.  Anthropogenic activities exert a significant pressure on this unique natural resource leading to decline in water quality and loss of biodiversity. Therefore, the need to evaluate the health status of rivers and the possible threats they are facing in order to protect and manage their resources adequately. In this study we used physicochemical parameters, macroinvertebrate assemblages and their functional feeding groups to ascertain the health status of a rural river. Samples were collected from three stations based on their levels of anthropogenic activities   Mean values of total alkalinity, total hardness, BOD5, phosphate and nitrate were highest in station 1 and lowest values were observed in station 3 except for BOD5 and nitrate which recorded lowest mean values in station 2. All recorded physicochemical parameters showed no significant (p>0.05) difference across the sampled stations, while significant (p<0.05) among the sampling months except temperature, flow velocity, pH and BOD5. A total of 136 individuals macroinvertebrates belonging to 10 species in three functional feeding groups (FFG) were identified. Predators accounted for 82%, Scrapers 16% and 2% were collector-gatherers. The Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) axis 1 accounted for 64.93% of the species variation while CCA axis 2 accounted for 35.07% of the species variation with eigen value of less than1 indicating weak or no relationship.  Overall, this study revealed that macroinvertebrate assemblages and their functional feeding group are good indicators of aquatic ecological integrity. This provided further insights into the impact of anthropogenic activities on freshwater systems and using macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups as best indicators of ecosystem health. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103807_918bd6ee8f7bb38d41c5e4ddfa08f2b0.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Health Risk Index of Trace Metals in Wild and Pond-Raised African Catfish from Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria 1384 1392 103808 10.22059/poll.2025.392469.2856 EN Rasheed Olatunji Moruf Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Idris Uba Muhd Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Zahrau Rabiu Mudi Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Salisu Ibrahim Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Journal Article 2025 03 22 The research evaluated the concentration of trace metals and the associated human health risk in muscle tissue of wild and pond-raised African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using different standard analytical methods. The results detailed the metal concentrations with significant higher values of Cr (0.041 mg kg-1) and Mn (0.113 mg kg-1) observed in the wild fish, while Cu (0.024 mg kg-1), Pb (0.015 mg kg-1) and Fe (3.301 mg kg-1) were significantly higher <br />(P < 0.05) in pond-raised C. gariepinus. Furthermore, all metals except Fe were below the FAO/WHO recommended permissible levels. Notably, Fe levels in wild C. gariepinus (2.615±0.10 mg kg-1) and pond-raised (3.301±0.31 mg kg-1) were higher than the recommended 0.05 mg kg-1,<br /> potentially influenced by sediment Fe content and pond water sources. Analysis of daily metal intake (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) revealed that consumers of wild and pond-raised C. gariepinus in Wudil were not exposed to high doses of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) across all age categories, with levels consistently below FAO/WHO acceptable limits. For instance, DIM results indicated daily Cd intake ranging from 0.0006 to 0.0016 mg kg-1 day-1 for wild C. gariepinus consumers and 0.0008 to 0.0010 mg kg-1 day-1 for pond-raised ones, resulting in HRI ratios below one (1) for each age category. These findings suggest that, despite elevated Fe concentrations, the consumption of C. gariepinus from the studied sources poses minimal health risk related to trace metal exposure. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103808_90652fe670c08059ea4eb81b757494ef.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Seasonal Eutrophication Dynamics in Ahmed El Hansali Reservoir, Morocco: A Multivariate Statistical Approach 1393 1404 103809 10.22059/poll.2025.392489.2857 EN Bahouar El -Houssaine Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bio-resources and Bioinformatics, Khénifra Higher School of Technology; Sultane Moulay Slimane University, Morocco Laboratory of “Scientific Research and Educational Innovation»; Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, (CRMEF Rabat-Salé-Kénitra), Morocco Hicham Bouasria Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bio-resources and Bioinformatics, Khénifra Higher School of Technology; Sultane Moulay Slimane University, Morocco Laboratory of “Scientific Research and Educational Innovation»; Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, (CRMEF Rabat-Salé-Kénitra), Morocco Loubna Mrabet Laboratory of multidisciplinary research in science, technology and society, Khénifra Higher School of Technology; Sultane Moulay Slimane University, Morocco Abdechahid Loukili Laboratory of “Scientific Research and Educational Innovation»; Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, (CRMEF Rabat-Salé-Kénitra), Morocco Soumaya Hammada Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Plant Genetic Resources, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sultan Moulay Slimane Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco Maryama Hachi Faculty of Science Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco El Hassan Abba Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bio-resources and Bioinformatics, Khénifra Higher School of Technology; Sultane Moulay Slimane University, Morocco Journal Article 2025 03 23 In Morocco, dams are essential for supplying drinking water, supporting agriculture, and regulating watercourses, but these aquatic ecosystems face increasing pressures, particularly eutrophication, which degrades water quality and threatens biodiversity. This study analyzed the seasonal dynamics of eutrophication in the Ahmed El Hansali reservoir (Moroccan Middle Atlas) between 2019 and 2023, utilizing multivariate statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis and multiple linear regression). A limitation was quarterly data collection, which might not capture short-term fluctuations. Results revealed a significant correlation between phytoplankton biomass and nutrient levels, especially total Kjeldahl nitrogen (NTK) (r=0.656 p<0.01). NTK was the most significant predictor, positively impacting chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in surface waters (for each unit increase in NTK, Chl-a increased by 15.16 µg/L). Other parameters had minimal effects. Marked seasonal variability in water quality was observed, ranging from oligotrophic in winter and autumn to mesotrophic in spring and summer. Maximum productivity (15.73 µg/L Chl-a) was in summer, while the lowest (5.92 µg/L Chl-a) was in winter. Excessive nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff during the rainy season were recorded, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring, especially during peak productivity, to mitigate eutrophication risks. Recommendations include optimizing agricultural practices to reduce nutrient inputs and implementing integrated water resource management strategies to preserve the reservoir's ecological quality. This research provides valuable information for decision-makers and environmental managers aiming to improve water quality and protect aquatic biodiversity in Morocco. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103809_6871ce29ce3e55d5768283d99d186337.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils Exposed to Landfill Leachate: A Case Study of Astaneh Ashrafiyeh, Guilan, Iran 1405 1418 103811 10.22059/poll.2025.392529.2862 EN Shayan Shariati Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Shariati Department of Environment, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran 0000-0002-5303-7021 Journal Article 2025 03 26 Unsanitary landfills pose a significant threat to human and animal health, the functions of soil and water ecosystems through release of heavy metals. Open and unsanitary landfills near cities and forests are a problem in northern Iran. This research aimed to study the concentration of heavy metals in the dumpsites of Kisom, Kashal Azadsara, Nazoksara, and Amirkiasar (Astaneh Ashrafiyeh County, Guilan province, Iran). For this purpose, 46 composite samples were collected from the downslope and upslope soils of various landfills (0-30 and 30-60 cm depths) in Astaneh County. Heavy metals were extracted using nitric and hydrochloric acids, and their concentration was measured by ICP-OES. The investigation of metal concentrations in the soil of landfills revealed high levels of arsenic (23–30 mg/kg) and lead (138–357 mg/kg), exceeding the risk thresholds. Based on the geo-accumulation (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) indexes, elements lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in Kisom and Amirkiasar landfills, were classified as moderate-moderate and very high-strong contamination respectively. Outcomes of the Pollution Load (PLI) and Modified Contamination Degree (mCd) indexes showed that the Kisom landfill and its downstream areas were in the moderate contamination classification. Calculation of ecological risk (ER) demonstrated that the Kisom landfill and its downstream areas are at significant to moderate risk from lead. In addition, the Kisom landfill has a 49% possibility of heavy metal pollution and the other sites have a 21% probability of contamination according to the mean ERM index. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103811_4ab77465f96360449a9d4d23397e2a9c.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models Vis-a-Vis Regularization Models on Predictive Ability of Pollution Levels in Bangalore 1419 1432 103812 10.22059/poll.2025.393694.2892 EN Vivekanand Venkataraman Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Bengaluru – 54, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi -18, Karnataka, India Mohan Babu G.N AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru – 560083, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi -18, Karnataka, India Sathish Kumar K.M Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Bengaluru – 54, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi -18, Karnataka, India Journal Article 2025 04 18 The work brings in various dimensions to understand the importance of machine learning models in terms of predicting and understanding the variables which affect the concentration of Particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 for Bangalore city. In this work Metrological variables, Pollutants are considered as inputs. In addition, the work highlights the differences achieved in terms of performance metric especially in terms of error variance and prediction power for particulate matter using Regularization, Bagging and Boosting techniques. It specifically brings about areas where these techniques can perform well and underperform. The work also compares how the models performed with and without features such as seasons. It was noticed the order of feature importance differed for regularization, boosting and bagging models. It was noticed that  Boosting techniques such as Xgboost had lower RMSE(9.1), MAPE (15.75) and higher R2 values (.72) for PM2.5 than other models however overfitting was noticed. However random forest had a lower R2 (.64) compared to boosting and RMSE (10.35) and MAPE (22.45) were slightly larger and tendency to overfit was lower.  To understand further, a new approach was created to diagnose where exactly these models perform well and underperform. The Absolute values were divided into percentile values and correlation was investigated with respect to error or residual values, adding to the uniqueness of this work. It was found that Extreme values tend to be correlated to larger residual values and those within the normal percentile range have lesser residual values.   https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103812_d386e3414aa3c26520375ae7c29c6bf7.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Air Pollutants Around Multiple Generator Sites: A Case Study 1433 1446 103814 10.22059/poll.2025.393955.2897 EN Israa Murtadha AL-Tameemi Department of Environmental Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Bab-Al Muadham, Baghdad, Iraq, 10047 Ahmed Jameel AL-Mmaliki Senior Environment Engineer, Safety, Health and Environment Department, Basra oil company, Bab-Alzubair, Basra, Iraq Taiseer Hussain Nafea Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China Ahmed Salih Mahdi Alsudani Ministry of electricity, Training and Energy Research, Baghdad, Iraq Fadhil Jasim Hamdan Ministry of electricity, Training and Energy Research, Baghdad, Iraq Hayder Abbas Alwan Ministry of electricity, Training and Energy Research, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2025 04 23 This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of key air pollutants, namely carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) emitted from multiple kerosene-powered generators in the Al-Bonouk neighborhood of Baghdad, Iraq, was investigated. Field sampling was conducted monthly from June to August 2024 at nine fixed outdoor locations using a systematic, point-based sampling method. Locations were selected to reflect the generator proximity and wind direction. At each point, real-time readings were recorded monthly using a portable gas analyzer and PM detector. A total of 27 field samples were obtained, and each sample was analyzed for four pollutants, generating 108 analytical data points. Data were processed using bar plots, line graphs, box plots, and spatial heat maps to evaluate pollutant distribution, emission hotspots, and seasonal variation. The highest concentrations were recorded near Generator 2, CO (55.5 parts per million (ppm), NO (8.89 ppm), SO₂ (5.87 ppm), and PM₂.₅ (0.46 µg/m³). Concentrations decreased with distance and wind dispersion. WHO guideline comparisons confirmed consistent exceedances, underscoring urgent health concerns and the need for regulatory action in urban areas.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103814_887bc293cd186a5cb4ccf93e3074dd7d.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Air Quality Evaluation Using Gaussian Plume Model and GIS at Gas Flaring Region in Kirkuk City, Iraq 1447 1461 103819 10.22059/poll.2025.394086.2902 EN Deeman Salahaldeen Noori Department of Surveying Engineering Techniques, Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq Nada Subhi Abdulmajeed Department of Architecture and Construction Engineering Techniques, Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq Journal Article 2025 04 25 Gas flaring continues as an environmental issue across oil-producing regions since it generates air pollution and climate change conditions. The purpose of the research is to examine, and compare the spatial distribution of deterioration of air quality, the environmental and health risks within the poor air quality area close to the gas flaring location and assess the density of gases and pollutants produced using the Gaussian-Plume model (GPM). Geographic Information Systems GIS technology has been combined with GPM in dispersion modeling. The gases produced by gas flaring to be emitted include sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM). Such pollutants worsen the quality of air and, therefore, are harmful to the health of the surrounding communities. Findings demonstrate that pollution intensities increase the most in locations proximate to flaring sites since atmospheric factors govern the way pollutants disperse. The GPM indicates that pollution concentrations decrease as distance increases from the sources. While some areas near the flare still contain unsafe levels, even in inhabited sections. Strict regulations with improved monitoring, together with cleaner technologies, must be adopted. This is for reducing the environmental and health effects of gas flaring in Kirkuk. This paper adds to the environmental sustainability investigation by proving the power of GIS-based spatial analysis and dispersion modeling for monitoring air pollution variations at different locations. The research produces a combination of strategies that use GIS-based approaches in decision-making as well as dispersion modeling to inform better policymaking on environmental matters related to gas flaring.  https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103819_7bab7cda646acfc98ea364e10d0365ec.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Monitoring Lead Contamination by Integrating Environmental Indices and Random Forest-Based Digital Soil Mapping in Shiraz Urban Watershed, Iran 1462 1472 103820 10.22059/poll.2025.394624.2911 EN Amin Mousavi Department of Soil Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 9177948978, Mashhad, Iran Sayyed Mahmoud Enjavinezhad Department of Soil Sciences, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-13131 Shiraz, Iran Seyed Javad Naghibi Department of Soil Sciences, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-13131 Shiraz, Iran Head of Research & Extension Office, Landscape & Green Spaces Organization of Shiraz Municipality, P.O. Box 45366-78 Shiraz, Iran Seyed Kazem Alavipanah Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6465, Tehran, Iran Majid Baghernejad Department of Soil Sciences, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 71441-13131 Shiraz, Iran Ashraf Malekian Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 05 04 The rapid increase in population and economic expansion has resulted in the infiltration of environmental pollutants, particularly heavy metals, into the soil, presenting a substantial threat to public well-being and reliability of food security. Consequently, awareness and evaluation of these elements are key to assessing soil quality and related risks. In this study, machine learning modeling (random forest model) and digital mapping were employed to quantify and model lead (Pb) contamination using various environmental indices in a section of the urban watershed of Shiraz. For this purpose, 148 soil samples were systematically gathered from a depth of 0 to 20 cm utilizing a randomized sampling approach. After sample preparation, the total Pb content in the soil was determined applying standard analytical methods. Pb contamination risk assessment was conducted using three environmental indices: Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Contamination Factor (Cƒ). The results indicated that all analyzed samples exhibited total Pb concentrations (mean: 7.78 mg/kg) below the recommended standard levels for Iran. Based on the Igeo (range: 1.54–4.72), the samples were categorized as moderately to severely contaminated. The EF (range: 4.35–39.65) classified the samples as moderately, highly, and extremely enriched, while the Cƒ (range: 3.37–29.63) placed the samples in the high to very high contamination category. The interpretation of environmental indices confirmed low to moderate levels of Pb contamination, primarily influenced by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, to ensure sustainable food security, continuous monitoring of Pb concentration variations in the studied soils is essential. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103820_2f027a9e06b1ef5a7ba60c56483909d3.pdf

University Of Tehran Press Pollution 2383-451X 11 4 2025 10 01 Predictive Modeling of Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Urban Areas: Insights from Road Mid-Block Sections 1473 1488 103821 10.22059/poll.2025.396065.2951 EN Rama Kanth Angatha Department of Civil Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad-500043, India Sai Sahitya Kurre Department of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 0000-0002-3684-6855 Journal Article 2025 05 26 Roads and highways are vital to a nation's economic and social development. However, the surge in transportation demand has led to heightened vehicular emissions, particularly at urban mid-block sections. This study presents predictive models for estimating pollutant concentrations of CO, HCHO, TVOCs, PM₂.₅, and PM10 a Green House Gas (GHG) CO2 based on traffic flow and vehicle type data collected across 18 urban mid-blocks in Warangal, Tirupati, and Vijayawada. Three models such as MLR, SVR, and ANN were developed, with ANN achieving the highest performance (R² > 0.90 for all pollutants). Peak concentrations of CO (1180 ppm) and PM₂.₅ (over 100 µg/m³) were observed during evening hours (7–8 PM), coinciding with traffic volumes exceeding 4000 PCU/hr. A strong correlation (R² > 0.7) between traffic volume and pollutant levels was confirmed across all models. These findings provide actionable insights for urban transport planners to forecast and mitigate traffic-related air pollution at mid-block sections in similar urban environments. https://jpoll.ut.ac.ir/article_103821_33f00a73a74b4a5de3acdb7c2c20e701.pdf