Abbassinia, M., Kalatpour, O., Motamedzade, M., Soltanian, A., & Mohammadfam, I. (2020). A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-TOPSIS framework for prioritizing emergency in a petrochemical industry. Archives of Trauma Research, 9(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_85_19
Abbassinia, M., Kalatpour, O., Soltanian, A. R., Mohammadfam, I., & Ganjipour, M. (2019). Determination of effective criteria and prioritization of emergency situations in a petrochemical industry. Occupational Hygiene and Health Promotion, 3(1), 1–12.
Ancione, G., & Milazzo, M. F. (2021). The management of Na-Tech risk using Bayesian network. Water, 13(14), Article 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141966
Arosio, M., Martina, M. L. V., & Figueiredo, R. (2020). The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: A holistic graph-based assessment approach for natural hazard risk of complex systems. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20(2), 521–547. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-521-2020
Azadeh, A., Fam, I. M., & Azadeh, M. A. (2009). Integrated HSEE management systems for industry: A case study in gas refinery. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 32(2), 235–241.
Azadeh, A., Fam, I. M., Nouri, J., & Azadeh, M. A. (2008). Integrated health, safety, environment and ergonomics management system (HSEE-MS): An efficient substitution for conventional HSE-MS. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 67(6), 403–411.
Azadeh, A., Salehi, V., Arvan, M., & Dolatkhah, M. (2014). Assessment of resilience engineering factors in high-risk environments by fuzzy cognitive maps: A petrochemical plant. Safety Science, 68, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.03.004
Azadeh, A., Salehi, V., Ashjari, B., & Saberi, M. (2014). Performance evaluation of integrated resilience engineering factors by data envelopment analysis: The case of a petrochemical plant. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 92(3), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2013.03.002
Barquet, K., Englund, M., Inga, K., André, K., & Segnestam, L. (2024). Conceptualising multiple hazards and cascading effects on critical infrastructures. Disasters, 48(1), Article e12591. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12591
Baser, B., & Behnam, B. (2020). An emergency response plan for cascading post-earthquake fires in fuel storage facilities. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 65, 104155.
Brignone, M., Santamato, F., Ravina, M., Busini, V., & Panepinto, D. (2025). NaTech database and methodologies for its risk assessment: A review. Natural Hazards, 121(17), 19565–19590.
Caputo, A. C., Kalemi, B., Paolacci, F., & Corritore, D. (2020). Computing resilience of process plants under Na-Tech events: Methodology and application to seismic loading scenarios. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 195, Article 106685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106685
CASP. (n.d.). CASP qualitative checklist. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
Castro Rodriguez, D. J., Barresi, A. A., & Demichela, M. (2025a). Multi-risk NaTech vulnerability indicator: A step further. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 95, Article 105588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105588
Castro Rodriguez, D. J., Barresi, A. A., & Demichela, M. (2025b). Resilience-based framework for enhancing NaTech risk management in industrial critical infrastructures. Environment Systems and Decisions, 45(4), 63.
Castro Rodriguez, D. J., Pilone, E., Camuncoli, G., & Demichela, M. (2023). Implementation of a NaTech vulnerability index in a Seveso establishment. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 100, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23100008
Çetinyokuş, S. (2024). Development of a new holistic process safety management system model based on business continuity and organizational resilience standards. Journal of Turkish Operations Management, 8(2), 322–338.
Chen, C., Reniers, G., & Yang, M. (2022). A resilience-based approach for the prevention and mitigation of domino effects. In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering (pp. 155–176). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88911-1_7
Chen, G. H., Huang, K. X., Zou, M. T., Yang, Y. F., & Dong, H. Y. (2019). A methodology for quantitative vulnerability assessment of coupled multi-hazard in chemical industrial park. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 58, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.01.008
Cozzani, V., Campedel, M., Renni, E., & Krausmann, E. (2010). Industrial accidents triggered by flood events: Analysis of past accidents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175(1–3), 501–509.
Fekete, A., & Nehren, U. (2024). Climate change increased risk of forest fire, winter storm and technical failure risks related to power transmission lines – A spatial GIS risk assessment at Cologne district, Germany. Progress in Disaster Science, 24, Article 100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100387
Ghaljahi, M., Omidi, L., & Karimi, A. (2025). Resilience assessment in process industries: A review of literature. Heliyon, 11(4), e43000.
Girgin, S., Necci, A., & Krausmann, E. (2019). Dealing with cascading multi-hazard risks in national risk assessment: The case of Natech accidents. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 101072.
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112.
Hollnagel, E., Woods, D. D., & Leveson, N. (2006). Resilience engineering: Concepts and precepts. Ashgate Publishing.
Huang, K. X., Chen, G. H., & Khan, F. (2022). Vulnerability assessment method for domino effects analysis in chemical clusters. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 164, 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.06.021
Jain, P., Rogers, W. J., Pasman, H. J., Keim, K. K., & Mannan, M. S. (2018a). A resilience-based integrated process systems hazard analysis (RIPSHA) approach: Part I plant system layer. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 116, 92–105.
Jain, P., Rogers, W. J., Pasman, H. J., & Mannan, M. S. (2018b). A resilience-based integrated process systems hazard analysis (RIPSHA) approach: Part II management system layer. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 118, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.06.037
Jimoh-Hamza, O. K., & Ajao, A. T. (2025). Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and EPA-16 PAHs in Crude Oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUD2. Pollution, *11*(2), 312–328. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2024.378584.2438
Jin, Y. F., Tong, X., Zheng, X. Z., Li, Y., Dong, B. B., & Liu, Q. Y. (2025). Integrated cloud assessment of emergency response capability maturity in chemical parks based on “4SM” and improved portfolio empowerment. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 97, Article 105696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105696
Jung, J.-Y., Park, S.-H., Moon, J.-E., Yoon, J.-H., Yoon, S.-W., & Lee, C.-M. (2024). Aggregate risk assessment for multi-route exposure to hazardous chemicals caused by chemical accidents, with a focus on toluene. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 18(1), 17.
Kalemi, B., Caputo, A. C., Corritore, D., & Paolacci, F. (2024). A probabilistic framework for the estimation of resilience of process plants under Na-Tech seismic events. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 22(1), 75–106.
Karagiannis, G. M. (2024). Natech emergency preparedness and response. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Oxford University Press.
Kim, L. S., Yoon, C., Lee, D., Shin, G., & Jung, S. (2024). A study on the sustainability of petrochemical industrial complexes through accident data analysis. Processes, 12(12), 2637.
Krausmann, E., & Cruz, A. M. (2013). Impact of the 11 March 2011, Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami on the chemical industry. Natural Hazards, 67(2), 811–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0607-0
Krausmann, E., Girgin, S., & Necci, A. (2019). Natural hazard impacts on industry and critical infrastructure: Natech risk drivers and risk management performance indicators. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 40, Article 101163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101163
Luo, X., Tzioutzios, D., Suárez-Paba, M. C., & Cruz, A. M. (2024). Climate change impacts on Natech risk. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Oxford University Press.
Misuri, A. (2022). Development of a comprehensive framework for the assessment of technological scenarios triggered by natural events (Natech) in the chemical and process industries [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Bologna.
Misuri, A., & Cozzani, V. (2022). An innovative framework for chemical and process facilities to support a comprehensive Natech risk assessment. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 175–180.
Nicotra, G., Rossi, E., Decarli, L., Di Talia, V., Tugnoli, A., & Cozzani, V. (2024, June 3–5). Natech (natural hazard triggering technological disasters) events risk management: An operational approach [Conference paper]. SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability.
O’Reilly, G. J., Shahnazaryan, D., Dubini, P., Brunesi, E., Rosti, A., Dacarro, F., Gotti, A., Silvestri, D., Mascetti, S., & Ducci, M. (2023). Risk-aware navigation in industrial plants at risk of NaTech accidents. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 88, 103620.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., & Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.
Pasman, H., Kottawar, K., & Jain, P. (2020). Resilience of process plant: What, why, and how resilience can improve safety and sustainability. Sustainability, 12(15), 6152.
Patriarca, R., Bergström, J., Di Gravio, G., & Costantino, F. (2018). Resilience engineering: Current status of the research and future challenges. Safety Science, 102, 79–100.
Pirani, D., Gholamnia, R., Ghomian, Z., Ebadi, A., Ghaffari, M., Jamshidi, N., & Khorasani-Zavareh, D. (2022). Factors affecting petrochemical industry preparedness in fire: A qualitative study. Archives of Trauma Research, 11(4), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_46_22
Rakowska, J. (2024). Searching for a sustainable solution to increasing chemical pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(28), 40903–40915.
Reniers, G., Khakzad, N., Cozzani, V., & Khan, F. (2018). The impact of nature on chemical industrial facilities: Dealing with challenges for creating resilient chemical industrial parks. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 56, 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.09.010
Rodriguez, D. J. C., Barresi, A. A., & Demichela, M. (2025). Multi-risk NaTech vulnerability indicator: A step further. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 95, 105588.
Salehi, V., Zarei, H., Shirali, G. A., & Hajizadeh, K. (2020). An entropy-based TOPSIS approach for analyzing and assessing crisis management systems in petrochemical industries. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 67, Article 104241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104241
Shafiei Moghaddam, P., Jahangiri, K., Sohrabizadeh, S., Hassani, N., Hoseini Moghaddam, M., & Monazami Tehrani, G. (2022). Challenges of emergency evacuation of residential areas caused by chemical release due to the earthquake: A Natech event scenario. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 14(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v14i1.1698
Shafiei Moghaddam, P., Jahangiri, K., Sohrabizadeh, S., Hassani, N., Hoseini Moghaddam, M., & Tehrani, G. M. (2023). Foresight of the consequences of the hazmat release from an oil refinery on the surrounding urban community following an earthquake: A Natech scenario analysis. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17, Article e79. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.349
Suarez-Paba, M. C., & Cruz, A. M. (2022). A paradigm shift in Natech risk management: Development of a rating system framework for evaluating the performance of industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 74, 104615.
Suárez-Paba, M. C., Luo, X., Tzioutzios, D., & Cruz, A. M. (2025). Natech risk governance initiatives and way forward. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Oxford University Press.
Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 45.
Valente, M., Ricci, F., & Cozzani, V. (2025). A systematic review of resilience engineering applications to Natech accidents in the chemical and process industry. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 255, 110670.
VERBI Software. (2022). MAXQDA 2022 [Computer software]. https://www.maxqda.com/
Yahaya, N. S., Pereira, J. J., Taha, M. R., & Yaacob, W. Z. W. (2024). Natech potential due to emerging climate hazards and awareness of the local stakeholders in the coastal industrial site of Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Chemosphere, 367, 143551.
Yang, Y. F., Chen, G. H., & Zhao, Y. F. (2023). A quantitative framework for propagation paths of Natech domino effects in chemical industrial parks: Part II—Risk assessment and mitigation system. Sustainability, 15(10), Article 8306. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108306
Zeng, T., Chen, G., & Reniers, G. (2022a). Coping with flood Natech events: A safety framework to make chemical clusters more resilient. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 90, 805–810.
Zeng, T., Chen, G. H., Reniers, G., & Hu, K. (2023). Resilience assessment of chemical industrial areas during Natech-related cascading multi-hazards. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 81, Article 104967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104967
Zeng, T., Chen, G. H., Reniers, G., & Men, J. K. (2022b). Developing a barrier management framework for dealing with Natech domino effects and increasing chemical cluster resilience. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 168, 778–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.024
Zheng, Q., Liu, X., Yang, M., Wang, W., & Adriaensen, A. (2024). Enhancing emergency response planning for Natech accidents in process operations using functional resonance analysis method (FRAM): A case of fuel storage tank farm. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 188, 514–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.05.132