Metal Signature of Atmospheric Aerosol from Kochi, the Queen of Arabian Sea, Kerala, India

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, INDIA

Abstract

The present research article highlights the metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe)
distribution pattern in the RSPM generated in different hot spot sites located at Kochi, the
Queen of Arabian Sea. These sampling sites are categorized under three different zones
as estuarine, riverine, and coastal. Two sampling phases are selected in order to check the
consistency in pollution trend after a two year gap and are described in Phase I and Phase
II, respectively. Metals are noticed to be intensely concentrated in the post monsoon
months in both phases. Among the metals, Fe is revealed as the prominent metal at the
estuarine sites. Estuarine and riverine zone expresses the overall enrichment pattern with
slight difference at coastal regime in phase I. In phase II, insignificant metal load with
irregular pattern is observed. Source apportionment study reveals that major sources of
metals are from automobile exhausts and the estuarine zone is entangled with 45.9%.

Keywords

References

Al-Momani, I.F., Daradkeh, A.S., Haj-Hussein, A.T., Yousef, Y.A., Jaradat, Q.M. and Momani, K.A. (2005). Trace elements in daily collected aerosols in Al-Hashimya, central Jordan. Atmos. Res., 73(1), 87-100.
Berman, A. and Snyder, S. (2010). Kozier and Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing. Vol, 1, 2 & 3.
Chakraborty, A. and Gupta, T. (2009). Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol in Kanpur region: a source apportionment study. Int. J. Env. Ac. Eng, 1, 19-27.
Chen, Y., Paytan, A., Chase, Z., Measures, C., Beck, A.J., Sañudo‐Wilhelmy, S.A. and Post, A.F. (2008). Sources and fluxes of atmospheric trace elements to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. J. Geophys. Res., (1984–2012), 113(D5).
Chester, R., Bradshaw, G.F., Ottley, C.J., Harrison, R.M., Merrett, J.L., Preston, M.R. and Jickells, T.D. (1994). The atmospheric distributions of trace metals, trace organics and nitrogen species over the North Sea. In Understanding the North Sea System (pp. 165-178). Springer Netherlands.
Chester, R., Nimmo, M., Fones, G.R., Keyse, S. and Zhang, Z. (2000). Trace metal chemistry of particulate aerosols from the UK mainland coastal rim of the NE Irish sea. Atmos. Environ., 34(6), 949-958.
Chowdhury, K.A., Debsarkar, A. and Chakrabarty, S. (2015a). Novel methods for assessing urban air quality: Combined air and noise pollution approach. J. Atmos. Pollut., 3(1), 1-8.
Chowdhury, K.A., Debsarkar, A. and Chakrabarty, S. (2015b). Seasonal Variation of Noise-Air Quality and State of Exposure to Noise-Air Pollution at Curbside Open-Air Microenvironment of Kolkata City, India. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. Solutions, 3(1), 16-30.
Chowdhury, K.A., Debsarkar, A. and Chakrabarty, S. (2016). Assessment of Combined Noise­ Air quality and combined exposure to Noise­ Air pollution at the curbside open air microenvironment of Kolkata City, India. Pollution., 2 (1) , 35­47.
Cong, Z., Kang, S., Dong, S., Liu, X. and Qin, D. (2010). Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas. Environ Monit Assess., 160(1-4), 323-335.
Duce, R.A. and Tindale, N.W. (1991). Chemistry and biology of iron and other trace metals. Limnol. Oceanogr, 36(8), 1715-1726.
Eleftheriadis, K. and Colbeck, I. (2001). Coarse atmospheric aerosol: size distributions of trace elements. Atmos. Environ., 35(31), 5321-5330.
Fang, G.C., Chang, C.N., Wu, Y.S., Wang, N.P., Wang, V., Fu, P.P.C. and Chen, S.C. (2000). Comparison of particulate mass, chemical species for urban, suburban and rural areas in central Taiwan, Taichung. Chemosphere, 41(9), 1349-1359.
Fomba, K.W., Müller, K., van Pinxteren, D. and Herrmann, H. (2013). Aerosol size-resolved trace metal composition in remote northern tropical Atlantic marine environment: case study Cape Verde islands. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13(9), 4801.
Gajghate, D.G., Pipalatkar, P., and Khaparde, V.V. (2012). Atmospheric Concentration of Trace Elements, Dry Deposition Fluxes and Source Apportionment Study in Mumbai. INTECH Open Access Publisher.
Gillies, J.A., Gertler, A.W., Lowenthal, D., Abu-Allaban, M., Jennison, B., and Goodrich, A. (2008). Enhanced PM2.5 Source apportionment using chemical mass balance receptor modeling and scanning electron microscopy. Jordan J. Earth Environ. Sci., 1, 1-9.
Guerzoni, S., Chester, R., Dulac, F., Herut, B., Loÿe-Pilot, M.D., Measures, C., and Saydam, C. (1999). The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea.Progress in Oceanography, 44(1), 147-190.
Haritash, A.K. and Kaushik, C.P. (2007). Assessment of seasonal enrichment of heavy metals in respirable suspended particulate matter of a sub-urban Indian city. Environ Monit Assess., 128(1-3), 411-420.
Heimbürger, L.E., Migon, C., Dufour, A., Chiffoleau, J.F. and Cossa, D. (2010). Trace metal concentrations in the North-western Mediterranean atmospheric aerosol between 1986 and 2008: Seasonal patterns and decadal trends. Sci. Total Environ., 408(13), 2629-2638.
Jickells, T. (1995). Atmospheric inputs of metals and nutrients to the oceans: their magnitude and effects. Mar Chem., 48(3), 199-214.
Jickells, T.D., An, Z.S., Andersen, K.K., Baker, A.R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N. and Kawahata, H. (2005). Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science, 308(5718), 67-71.
Koçak, M., Kubilay, N. and Mihalopoulos, N. (2004). Ionic composition of lower tropospheric aerosols at a Northeastern Mediterranean site: implications regarding sources and long-range transport. Atmos. Environ., 38(14), 2067-2077.
Koçak, M., Nimmo, M., Kubilay, N. and Herut, B. (2004). Spatio-temporal aerosol trace metal concentrations and sources in the Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ., 38(14), 2133-2144.
Kulkarni, A.V., Bahuguna, I.M., Rathore, B.P., Singh, S.K., Randhawa, S.S., Sood, R.K. and Dhar, S. (2007). Glacial retreat in Himalaya using Indian Remote Sensing satellite data. Curr. Sci., 92(1), 69-74.
Kyllönen, K., Karlsson, V. and Ruoho-Airola, T. (2009). Trace element deposition and trends during a ten year period in Finland. Sci. Total Environment, 407(7), 2260-2269.
Loring, D.H. and Rantala, R.T.T. (1992). Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended matter. Earth-Sci. Rev., 32, 235-283.
Magas, O.K., Gunter, J.T. and Regens, J.L. (2007). Ambient air pollution and daily pediatric hospitalizations for asthma. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 14(1), 19.
Morel, F.M.M. and Price, N.M. (2003). The biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the oceans. Science, 300(5621), 944-947.
Nair, P.R., George, S.K., Sunilkumar, S.V., Parameswaran, K., Jacob, S. and Abraham, A. (2006). Chemical composition of aerosols over peninsular India during winter. Atmos. Environ., 40(34), 6477-6493.
Nriagu, J.O. (1996). A history of global metal pollution. Science, 272(5259), 223.
Pacyna, J.M., Nriagu, J.O. and Davidson, C.I. (1986). Toxic metals in the atmosphere. New York: Willey.
Prieditis, H. and Adamson, I.Y.R. (2002). Comparative pulmonary toxicity of various soluble metals found in urban particulate dusts. Exp Lung Res., 28(7), 563-576.
Rastogi, N. and Sarin, M.M. (2009). Quantitative chemical composition and characteristics of aerosols over western India: One-year record of temporal variability. Atmos. Environ., 43(22), 3481-3488.
Sabin, L.D., Lim, J.H., Stolzenbach, K.D. and Schiff, K.C. (2006). Atmospheric dry deposition of trace metals in the coastal region of Los Angeles, California, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem., 25(9), 2334-2341.
Scudlark, J.R., Conko, K.M. and Church, T.M. (1994). Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to Chesapeake Bay: CBAD study year 1 results. Atmos.Environ., 28(8), 1487-1498.
Shimamura, T., Wada, T., Iwashita, M., Takaku, Y. and Ohashi, H. (2006). Scavenging properties of major and trace species in rainfall collected in urban and suburban Tokyo. Atmos. Environ., 40(22), 4220-4227.
Spokes, L.J., Jickells, T.D. and Lim, B. (1994). Solubilisation of aerosol trace metals by cloud processing: A laboratory study. Geochim Cosmochim Ac., 58(15), 3281-3287.
Srinivas, B., Sarin, M.M. and Sarma, V.V.S.S. (2011). Atmospheric dry deposition of inorganic and organic nitrogen to the Bay of Bengal: impact of continental outflow. Mar Chem., 127(1), 170-179.
Van Malderen, H., Hoornaert, S. and Van Grieken, R. (1996). Identification of individual aerosol particles containing Cr, Pb, and Zn above the North Sea. Environ. Sci Technol., 30(2), 489-498.
Venkataraman, C., Reddy, C.K., Josson, S. and Reddy, M.S. (2002). Aerosol size and chemical characteristics at Mumbai, India, during the INDOEX-IFP (1999). Atmos. Environ., 36(12), 1979-1991.
Wang, C. (2004). A modeling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols. Journal of Geophys. Res Atmos., 109(D3).
Wild, P., Bourgkard, E. and Paris, C. (2009). Lung cancer and exposure to metals: the epidemiological evidence. Cancer Epidem., Humana Press, 139-167.
Wu, Z.Y., Han, M., Lin, Z.C. and Ondov, J.M. (1994). Chesapeake Bay atmospheric deposition study, Year 1: sources and dry deposition of selected elements in aerosol particles. Atmos. Environ., 28(8), 1471-1486.
Yaaqub, R.R., Davies, T.D., Jickells, T.D. and  Miller, J.M. (1991). Trace elements in daily collected aerosols at a site in southeast England. Atmos. Environ., Part A. General Topics, 25(5), 985-996.
Yasutake, A. and Hirayama, K. (1997). Animal models. Handbook of Human Toxicology (Ed.: EJ Massaro). CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York.
Ye, B., Ji, X., Yang, H., Yao, X., Chan, C.K., Cadle, S.H. and Mulawa, P.A. (2003). Concentration and chemical composition of PM 2.5 in Shanghai for a 1-year period. Atmos. Environ., 37(4), 499-510.
Pollution
Volume 2, Issue 3
July 2016
Pages 247-267

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics