Andrea, M.O. and Klumpp, D. (1979). Biosynthesis and release of organoarsenic compounds by marine algae. Environ. Sci. Technol., 13(6), 738-741.
Andreae, M.O. (1993) Organometallic Compounds in the Environment (In: Organometallic Compounds in the Environment, (pp. 198-228). Harlow, UK: Longman.)
Ateş, A., Türkmen, M. and Tepe, Y. (2015). Assessment of Heavy Metals in Fourteen Marine Fish Species of Four Turkish Seas.Indian journal of geomarine sciences., 44(1), 49-55.
ATSDR. (2003). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Retrieved Jun 20, 2017, from http://www.atsdr. cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Bay, S.M, Greenstein D.J., Szalay, P. and Brown D.A. (1990). Exposure of scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) to cadmium: biochemical effects of chronic exposure. Aquat. Toxicol., 16(4), 311-319.
Bıçkıcı, E. (2010). Investigation of heavy metal levels in species of Mullidae family of the Iskenderun Bay. MSc Dissertation, Instute of Natural Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
Blakhima, R.J. and Mills, C.F. (1970). Trace element metabolism in animals. (Livingstone: Edinburgh).
Blazka, M.E. and Shaikh, Z.A. (1991). Differences in cadmium and mercury uptakes by hepatocytes: role of calcium channels. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 110(2), 355-363.
Brown, D.A., Bay, S.M. and Hershelman, G.P. (1990). Exposure of scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) to cadmium: effects of acute and chronic exposures on the cytosolic distribution of cadmium, copper and zinc. Aquat. Toxicol., 16(4), 295-310.
Buchet, J.P., Pauwels, J. and Lauwerys, R. (1994). Assessment of exposure to inorganic arsenic following ingestion of marine organisms by volunteers. Environ. Res., 66(1), 44-51.
Burger, J., Gaines, K.F., Boring, C.S., Stephens, W.L., Snodgrass, J., Dixon, C., McMahon, M., Shukla, S., Shukla, T. and Gochfeld, M. (2002). Metal levels in fish from the Savannah River: potential hazards to fish and other receptors. Environ. Res., 89(1), 85-97.
Byrd, J.T. (1990). Comparative geochemistries of arsenic and antimony in rivers and estuaries. Sci. Total Environ., 97, 301-314.
Canlı, M. and Furness, R.W. (1995). Mercury and cadmium uptake from seawater and from food by the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 14(5), 819-828.
Çoğun, H., Yüzereroğlu, T.A., Kargın, F. and Fırat, O. (2005). Seasonal variation and tissues distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 75, 707-715.
Çoğun, H.Y., Yüzereroğlu, T.A., Fırat, Ö., Gök, G. and Kargın, F. (2006). Metal concentrations in fish species from the northeast Mediterranean Sea. Environ. Monit. Assess., 121(1-3), 431-438.
Deshpande, A., Bhendigeri, S., Shirsekar, T., Dhaware, D. and Khandekar, R.N. (2009). Analysis of heavy metals in marine fish from Mumbai Docks. Environ. Monit. Assess., 159(1), 493-500.
Dural, M. and Bıçkıcı, E. (2010). Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of Upeneus pori and Upeneus molucensis from the eastern cost of Mediterranean, Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9, 1380-1383.
Dural, M., Bıçkıcı, E. and Manaşırlı, M. (2010a). Heavy metal concentrations in diffirent tissues of Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmeletus from Iskenderun Bay, Eastern Cost of Mediterranean, Turkey. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Médit., 39, 499.
Dural, M., Genç, E., Sangun, M.K. and Güner, Ö. (2011). Accumulation of some heavy metals in Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda) and its host sea bream, Sparus aurata (Sparidae) from North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Iskenderun Bay). Environ. Monit. Assess., 174(1-4), 147-155.
Dural, M., Genç, E., Yemenicioğlu, S. and Sangün, M.K. (2010b). Accumulation of some heavy metals seasonally in Hysterotylacium aduncum (Nematoda) and its host Red Sea Bream, Pagellus erythrinus (Sparidae) from Gulf of Iskenderun (North-Eastern Mediterranean). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 84(1), 125-131.
Dural, M., Göksu, M.L., Özak, A.A. and Derici, B. (2006). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in different tissues of Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758, Sparus aurata L, 1758 and Mugil cephalus L, 1758 from the Çamlık lagoon of the eastern cost of mediterranean (Turkey). Environ. Monit. Assess., 118(1-3), 65-74.
Duysak, Ö. and Dural, M. (2015). Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tissues of Short-Finned Squid Illex coindetii (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)(Vérany, 1839) in Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean. Pakistan J. Zool., 47(2), 447-453.
Duysak, Ö. and Ersoy, B. (2014). A Biomonitoring Study: Heavy Metals in Monodonta turbinata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) From Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean. Pak J. Zool., 46(5), 1317-1322.
Duysak, Ö., Ersoy, B. and Dural, M. (2013). Metal concentrations in different tissues of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) in Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences., 13(2),205-210.
El-Nemr, A. (2010). Impact, Monitoring, and Management of Environmental Pollution (Pollution Science, Technology & Abatement Series). (London: Nova Science Publishers).
Ergin, M., Kazan, B. and Ediger, V. (1996). Source and depositional controls on heavy metal distribution in marine sediments of the Gulf of Iskenderun, Eastern Mediterranean. Mar. Geol., 133(3), 223-239.
Ersoy, B. and Çelik, M. (2009). Essential elements and contaminants in tissues of commercial pelagic fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. J. Sci. Food Agric., 89(9), 1615-1621.
Ersoy, B. and Çelik, M. (2010). The essential and toxic elements in tissues of six commercial demersal fish from Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48(5), 1377-1382.
EU Commission Regulation. (2001). As regards heavy metals, Directive 2001/22/EC, No. 466/2001 EEC as amended by regulation 221/2002/EC.
FAO/WHO. (2004). Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organisation, Summary of Evaluations Performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA 1956–2003), (First through sixty first meetings). (Washington D.C.: ILSI Press, International Life Sciences Institute)
FAO/WHO. (2006). Food and Agriculture Organisation/ World Health Organisation. Provisional agenda, report of the 38th session of the Codex Comitte on Food Additives and Contaminants, Thirty-eight session, The hague, The Neederlands 24-28 April 2006. Retrieved Jun 20, 2017, from ftp://fao.org/codex/ccfac38/fa38-18e.pdf
Fırat, Ö., Gök, G., Çoğun, H.Y., Yüzereroğlu, T.A. and Kargın, F. (2008). Concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe in crab Charybdis longicollis and shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus from the Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Environ. Monit. Assess., 147(1-3), 117-123.
Francesconi, K.A. and Edmonds, J.S. (1996). Arsenic in the sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.: An Annual Review, 31, 111-151.
Gensemer, R.W. and Playle, R.C. (1999) The bioavailability and toxicity of aluminum in aquatic environments. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(4), 315-450.
Hilmy, A.M., Shabana, M.B. and Daabees, A.Y. (1985). Effects of cadmium toxicity upon the in vivo and in vitro activity of proteins and five enzymes in blood serum and tissue homogenates of Mugil cephalus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C: Comp. Pharmacol., 81(1), 145-153.
Jureša, D. and Blanuša, M. (2003). Mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in fish and shellfish from the Adriatic Sea. Food Addit. Contam., 20(3), 241-246.
Kalay, M., Ay, Ö. and Canlı, M. (1999). Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 63(5), 673-681.
Kalay, M. and Canlı, M. (2000). Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapia zilli. Turk. J. Zool., 24(4), 429-436.
Kargın, F. (1996). Seasonal changes in levels of heavy metals in tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from Iskenderun Gulf (Turkey). Water Air and Soil Pollut., 90(3-4), 557-562.
Kargın, F., Dönmez, A. and Çoğun, H.Y. (2001). Distribution of heavy metals in different tissues of the shrimp Penaeus semiculatus and Metapenaeus monocerus from the Iskenderun Gulf, Turkey: seasonal variations. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 66(1), 102-109.
Kaymacı, S. (2011). Heavy metal contents of shrimp species from İskenderun Bay. MSc Dissertation, Instute of Natural Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
Kovalsky, V.V. (1974). Geochemical ecology. (Russia: Moskow Science).
Kudo, I., Kokubun, H. and Matsunaga, K. (1996). Chemical fractionation of phosphorus and cadmium in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar. Chem., 52(3-4), 221-231.
Lankey, R.L., Davidson, C.I. and McMichael, F.C. (1998). Mass balance for lead in the California south coast air basin: an update. Environ. Res., 78(2), 86-93.
Lindsay, D.M. and Sanders, J.G. (1990). Arsenic uptake and transfer in a simplified estuarine food chain. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9(3), 391-395.
Malins, D.C. and Ostrander, G.K. (1994). Aquatic Toxicology: Molecular Biochemical and Cellular Perspectives. (Florida: Lewis publishers).
Masoud, M.S., El-Samra, M.I. and El-Sadawy, M.M. (2007). Heavy-metal distribution and risk assessment of sediment and fish from El-Mex Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Chem. Ecol., 23(3), 201-216.
Moiseenko, T.I. and Kudryavtseva, L.P. (2001). Trace metal accumulation and fish pathologies in areas affected by mining and metallurgical enterprises in the Kola Region, Russia. Environmental Pollution., 114(2), 285-297.
Mormede, S. and Davies, I.M. (2001). Heavy metal concentrations in commercial deep-sea fish from the Rockall Trough. Cont. Shelf Res., 21(8), 899-916.
Muller, F.L.L. (1998). Colloid/solution partitioning of metal-selective organic ligands, and its relevance to Cu, Pb and Cd cycling in the Firth of Clyde. Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci., 46(3), 419-437.
Neff, J.M. (2002). Bioaccumulation in marine organisms: effect of contaminants from oil well produced water. (Massachusetts: Elsevier).
Nott, J.A and Nicolaidou, A. (1994). Variable transfer of detoxified metals from snails to hermit crabs in marine food chains. Marine Biology., 120(3), 369-377.
Olgunoğlu, M.P. (2008). Seasonal changes of heavy metal accumulation some macroalgae specıes and sediments along the coastal area in the İskenderun Bay, PhD Dissertation. Instute of Natural Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
Olgunoğlu, M.P. and Polat, S. (2007). Seasonal changes of heavy metals in two macroalgae species [Cystoseira corniculata (Phaeophyta), Laurencia papillosa (Rhodophyta)] in the Iskenderun Bay. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24(1-2),25-30.
Öksüz, A., Özyılmaz, A., Aktaş, M., Gerçek G. and Motte, J. (2009). A comparative study on proximate, mineral and fatty acid compositions of deep seawater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846) and red shrimp (Plesionika martia, A. Milne-Edwards, 1883). J. Anim. Vet. Advan., 8(1), 183-9.
Öksüz, A., Özyılmaz, A. and Küver, Ş. (2011). Fatty acid composition and mineral content of Upeneus moluccensis and Mullus surmuletus. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(1), 71-77.
Öksüz, A., Özyilmaz, A. and Sevimli, H. (2010). Element Compositions, Fatty Acid Profiles, And Proximate Compositions Of Marbled Spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus, Forsskal, 1775) And Dusky Spinefoot (Siganus luridus, Ruppell, 1878). J. FisheriesSciences.com, 4(2), 177.
Özdi̇lek, H.G. (2002). Distribution and Transport of Copper and Lead in the Blackstone River, Massachusetts Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, U.S.A .
Özyılmaz, A. (2016). Tocopherol, heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), and fatty acid contents of thornback ray (Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758) liver oil in relation to gender and origin in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 32(3), 564-568.
Özyılmaz, A. and Öksüz, A. (2015). Determination of the biochemical properties of liver oil from selected cartilaginous fish living in the northeastern Mediterranean. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 25, 160-167.
Papanikolaou, N.C., Hatzidaki, E.G., Belivanis, S., Tzanakakis, G.N. and Tsatsakis, A.M. (2005). Lead toxicity update. A brief review. Med. Sci. Monit., 11(10), 329-336.
Ploetz, D.M, Fitts, B.E. and Rice, T.M. (2007). Differential accumulation of heavy metals in muscle and liver of a marine fish,(King Mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla Cuvier) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 78(2), 134-137.
Roesijadi, G. and Unger, M.E. (1993). Cadmium uptake in gills of the mollusc Crassostrea virginica and inhibition by calcium channel blockers. Aquat. Toxicol., 24(3-4), 195-205.
Sadiq, M. (1992). Cadmium in the marine environment. (In: Sadiq, M. Toxic metal chemistry in marine environments (pp. 106-153) (New York: Marcel Dekker).
Sağıroğlu, B. (2009). Comparison of heavy metal levels of white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey). MSc Dissertation, Instute of Natural Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J.L., Llobet, J.M. and Corbella, J. (1995). Variations of heavy metals in water, sediments, and biota from the delta of Ebro River. Spain. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A, 30(6), 1361-1372.
Silberberg, M.S. (2012). Principles of general chemistry. (St. Louis, MS: McGraw-Hill Higher Education).
Sparling, D.W. and Lowe, T.P. (1996). Environmental hazards of aluminum to plants, invertebrates, fish, and wildlife. (In: Whitacre, D. M. (Ed.), Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (pp. 1-127) (New York: Springer).
Suzuki, Y., Nakamura, R. and Ueda, T. (1972). Accumulation of strontium and calcium in freshwater fishes of Japan. J. Radiat. Res., 13(4), 199-207.
Tepe, Y. (2009). Metal concentrations in eight fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Environ. Monit. Assess., 159(1-4), 501-509.
Tepe, Y, Türkmen, M. and Türkmen, A. (2008). Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish Seas. Environ. Monit. Assess., 146(1-3), 277-284.
Topcuoğlu, S., Kılıç, Ö., Belivermiş, M., Ergül, H.A. and Kalaycı, G. (2010). Use of marine algae as biological indicator of heavy metal pollution in Turkish marine environment. J. Black Sea/Mediterr. Environ., 16(1),43-52.
Turan, C., Dural, M., Öksüz, A. and Öztürk, B. (2009). Levels of heavy metals in some commercial fish species captured from the Black Sea and Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 82(5), 601-604.
Türkmen, A. (2003). Investigation on heavy metal accumulation occurred in seawater, suspended particulate matter, sediment and thorny oyster (Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793) in Iskenderun Bay. PhD Dissertation. Ataturk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erzurum/ Turkey.
Türkmen, A., Tepe, Y., Türkmen, M. and Mutlu, E. (2009a). Heavy metal contaminants in tissues of the Garfish, Belone belone L., 1761, and the Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix L., 1766, from Turkey Waters. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 82(1), 70-74.
Türkmen, A. and Türkmen, M. (2004). The seasonal variation of heavy metals in the suspended particulate material in the Iskenderun Bay (North-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey). E.U. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21(3), 307-311.
Türkmen, A. and Türkmen, M. (2005). Seasonal and spatial variations of heavy metals in the spiny rock oyster, Spondylus spinosus, from coastal waters of Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 75(4), 716-722.
Türkmen, A., Türkmen, M., Tepe, Y. and Akyurt, I. (2005a). Heavy metals in three commercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Food Chem., 91(1), 167-172.
Türkmen, A., Türkmen, M., Tepe, Y., Mazlum, Y. and Oymael, S. (2006). Metal concentrations in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean, Turkey. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 77(2), 186-193.
Türkmen, M., Tepe, Y., Türkmen, A., Sangün, M.K., Ateş, A. and Genç, E. (2013). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in various tissues of six ray species from Iskenderun Bay, northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 90(6), 702-707.
Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A., Akyurt, I. and Tepe, Y. (2005b). Limpet, Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758 and barnacle, Balanus sp. as biomonitors of trace metal availabilities in Iskenderun Bay, northern east Mediterranean sea. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 74(2), 301-307.
Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A., Tepe, Y., Töre, Y. and Ateş, A. (2009b). Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Food Chem., 113(1), 233-237.
Underwood, E.J. (1977). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition (4th Ed.) (New York: Academic Press).
USEPA. (2000). US Environmental Protection Agency, Methodology for Deriving Ambient Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Human Health (Washington, D.C.)
Uthus, E.O. (1992). Evidence for arsenic essentiality. Environ. Geochem. Health, 14(2), 55-58.
Veron, A.J, Church, TM and Flegal, AR. (1998). Lead isotopes in the western North Atlantic: transient tracers of pollutant lead inputs. Environ. Res., 78(2), 104-111.
WHO . (2004).World Health Organisation Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (3rd ed), vol. 1, Geneva . Retrieved Jun 20, 2017, from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health /dwq/gdwq3/en/
WHO. (1995). World Health Organisation, Lead. Environmental Health Criteria. Geneva, vol. 165.
WHO. (2006). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (3rd ed.), Recommendations, vol. 1, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006. Retrieved Jun 20, 2017, from
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/en/gdwq3_12.pdf
Yanar, A. (2016). Effects of ascorbic acid on lead accumulation in some tissues of Hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) and determination of it's histopathology. MSc Dissertation, Instute of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, İskenderun/ Hatay, Turkey.
Yeats, P.A., Westerlund, S. and Flegal, AR. (1995). Cadmium, copper and nickel distributions at four stations in the eastern central and south Atlantic. Marine Chemistry, 49(4), 283-293
Yılmaz, A.B. (2005). Comparison of heavy metal levels of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey). Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 29(2), 257-262.
Yılmaz, A.B., Sangün, M.K., Yağlıoğlu, D. and Turan, C. (2010). Metals (major, essential to non-essential) composition of the different tissues of three demersal fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Food Chem., 123(2), 410-415.
Yılmaz, A.B., Sayın, S., Yanar, A. and Tufan, M. (2016, October). Determination of Heavy Metal Levels of Iskenderun Bay by Using Two Macroalgae Species. (Paper Presented at the 1st International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, Adana, Turkey)
Yılmaz, A.B., Yanar, A. and Alkan, E.N. (2017). Review of heavy metal accumulation on aquatic environment in Northern East Mediterrenean Sea part I: some essential metals. Rev. Environ. Health, 32(1-2), 119-163.
Yılmaz, A.B. and Yılmaz, L. (2007). Influences of sex and seasons on levels of heavy metals in tissues of green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus de Hann, 1844). Food Chem., 101 (4), 1664-1669.
Yilmaz, A.B. (2003). Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Environ. Res., 92(3), 277-281.
Yuan-Hui, L. (1991). Distribution patterns of the elements in the ocean: A synthesis Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55(11), 3223-3240.
Yüzereroğlu, T.A., Gök, G., Coğun, H.Y., Fırat, Ö., Aslanyavrusu, S., Maruldalı, O. and Kargın, F. (2010). Heavy metals in Patella caerulea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in polluted and non-polluted areas from the Iskenderun Gulf (Mediterranean Turkey). Environ. Monit. Assess., 167(1-4), 257-264.
Zelikoff, J.T. and Cohen, M.D. (1996). Immunotoxicology of inorganic metal compounds. (İn: Smialowicz RJ, Holsapple MP(Eds), Experimental immunotoxicology (pp. 189-228). Boca Raton: CRC Press).
)