Emerging Pollutants in Aquatic Environment: Source, Effect, and Challenges in Biomonitoring and Bioremediation- A Review

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Agartala- P.O Box 799046, Tripura, India

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Gonda, Gonda- P.O Box 271001,Uttar Pradesh, India

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Jhansi- P.O Box 284128, Uttar Pradesh, India

4 Department of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- P.O Box 144411, Punjab, India

5 Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya- P.O Box 224001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Emerging contaminants are distributed in to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. These Emerging contaminants (ECs) are mainly composed of products, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides etc. The present conventional system of waste treatment are not designed to treat these contaminants. Complex structure of these pollutants and their existence at low concentration makes them untraceable and hence found to be difficult in removal of these by present waste treatment. These chemicals are considered as threat to human health and environment. Therefore, disposal and treatment of these chemicals of emerging concern have been a key concern in the field of water treatment and its reuse. Biosensors can be used for biomonitoring of these contaminants with of biological system. Bioremediation plays an important role in the treatment of these pollutants of emerging concern. This review discusses about the sources, effects, and challenges in biomonitoring and bioremediation related to these emerging contaminants.

Keywords

References

Agunbiade, F.O. and Moodley, B. (2014). Pharmaceuticals as emerging organic contaminants in Umgeni River water system, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Environ Monit Assess, 186(11);7273-7291.
Ahmed, I., Iqbal, H.M. and Dhama, K. (2017). Enzyme-based biodegradation of hazardous pollutants—An overview. J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci, 5(4);402 -411.
Alexander, J.T., Hai, F.I. and Al-aboud, T.M. (2012). Chemical coagulation-based processes for trace organic contaminant removal: Current state and future potential. J Environ Manage, 111;195-207.
Bao, L.J., Wei, Y.L., Yao, Y., Ruan, Q.Q. and Zeng, E.Y. (2015). Global trends of research on emerging contaminants in the environment and humans: a literature assimilation. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 22(3);1635-43.
Barrios-Estrada, C., de Jesús Rostro-Alanis, M., Parra, A.L., Belleville, M.P., Sanchez-Marcano, J., Iqbal, H.M. and Parra-Saldívar, R. (2018). Potentialities of active membranes with immobilized laccase for Bisphenol A degradation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 108;837-44.
Barnes, K.K., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D. and Barber, L.B. (2002). Water-quality data for pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999-2000. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2;94.
Bilal, M. and Iqbal, H.M. (2019). An insight into toxicity and human-health-related adverse consequences of cosmeceuticals—a review. Sci Total Environ.
Bilal, M., Asgher, M., Iqbal, H.M., Hu, H. and Zhang, X. (2017). Bio-based degradation of emerging endocrine-disrupting and dye-based pollutants using cross-linked enzyme aggregates. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 24(8);7035-7041
Bilal, M. and Iqbal, H.M. (2019). Microbial-derived biosensors for monitoring environmental contaminants: Recent advances and future outlook. Process Saf. Environ.
Bilal, M., Adeel, M., Rasheed, T., Zhao, Y. and Iqbal, H.M. (2019). Emerging contaminants of high concern and their enzyme-assisted biodegradation–A review. Environ Int, 124;336-53.
Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Nabeel, F., Iqbal, H.M. and Zhao, Y. (2019). Hazardous contaminants in the environment and their laccase-assisted degradation–A review. J Environ Manage, 234;253-64.
Bloom, A.D. and de Serres, F. (1995). Ecotoxicity and human health: a biological approach to environmental remediation. CRC Press.
Bloom, G., Merrett, G.B., Wilkinson, A., Lin, V. and Paulin, S. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance and universal health coverage. BMJ Glob Health, 2(4);e000518.
Boralkar, D. B., Alvares, C., Devotta, S., Sharma, P. N., and Thyagarajan, G. (2004). Report of visit to Hyderabad (AP). Supreme Court monitoring committee on hazardous wastes.
Bound, J.P. and Voulvoulis, N. (2005). Household disposal of pharmaceuticals as a pathway for aquatic contamination in the United Kingdom. Environ Health Perspect, 113;1705-1711.
Bronaugh, R.L., Yourick, J.J. and Havery, D.C. (1998). Dermal exposure assessment for the fragrance musk xylol.  In Proceeding of Society of Toxicologist Annual meeting.
Bruce, G.M., Pleus, R.C. and Snyder, S.A. (2010). Toxicological relevance of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. Environ Sci Technol, 44(14);5619-5626.
Caliman, F.A. and Gavrilescu, M., (2009). Pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting agents in the environment–a review. Clean (Weinh), 37(4‐5); 277-303.
Camargo, M.C., García, A., Riquelme, A., Otero, W., Camargo, C.A., Hernandez-García, T., Candia, R., Bruce, M.G. and Rabkin, C.S. (2014). Am J Gastroenterol, 109(4); 485.
Chaudhry, G.R. ed. (1994). Biological degradation and bioremediation of toxic chemicals. Lincolnshire: Chapman & Hall.
Daghrir, R., & Drogui, P. (2013). Tetracycline antibiotics in the environment: a review. Environ Chem Lett, 11(3); 209-27.
Daughton, C.G. and Ternes, T.A. (1999). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change. Environ Health Perspect, 107(suppl 6); 907-938.
Diwan, V., Tamhankar, A.J., Khandal, R.K., Sen, S., Aggarwal, M., Marothi, Y., Iyer, R.V., Sundblad-Tonderski, K. and Stålsby-Lundborg, C. (2010). Antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in waters associated with a hospital in Ujjain, India. BMC public health, 10(1); 414.
Decision, E495/2015, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/495 of 20 March 2015 establishing a watch list of substances for Union-wide monitoring in the field of water policy pursuant to Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Off. J. Eur. Union L.
Directive WFDirective 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities.
Dodds, E.C. and Lawson, W. (1938). Molecular structure in relation to oestrogenic activity. Compounds without a phenanthrene nucleus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B-Biological Sciences, 125(839); 222-32.
Dougherty, J.A., Swarzenski, P.W., Dinicola, R.S. and Reinhard, M. (2010). Occurrence of herbicides and pharmaceutical and personal care products in surface water and groundwater around Liberty Bay, Puget Sound, Washington. J Environ Qual, 39(4); 1173-80.
Du, B., Haddad, S.P., Scott, W.C., Chambliss, C.K. and Brooks, B.W. (2015). Pharmaceutical bioaccumulation by periphyton and snails in an effluent-dependent stream during an extreme drought. Chemosphere, 119; 927-34.
ENDS. (1999). Industry glimpses new challenges as endocrine science advances. ENDS. Rep, 290; 26-30.
Esplugas, S., Bila, D.M., Krause, L.G.T. and Dezotti, M. (2007). Ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water effluents. J Hazard Mater, 149(3); 631-42.
Fawell, J. and Ong, C.N. (2012). Emerging contaminants and the implications for drinking water. Int J Water Resour Dev, 28(2); 247-63.
Flint, S., Markle, T., Thompson, S. and Wallace, E. (2012). Bisphenol A exposure, effects, and policy: a wildlife perspective. J Environ Manage, 104; 19-34.
Fick, J., Söderström, H., Lindberg, R.H., Phan, C., Tysklind, M. and Larsson, D.J. (2009). Contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production. Environ Toxicol Chem, 28(12); 2522-2527.
Forrez, I., Boon, N., Verstraete, W. and Carballa, M. (2011). Biodegradation of micropollutants and prospects for water and wastewater biotreatment. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 6, 485-494 pp.
Gavrilescu, M. (2010). Environmental biotechnology: achievements, opportunities and challenges. Dyn Biochem Process Biotechnol Mol Biol, 4(1); 1-36.
Gavrilescu, M. and Chisti, Y. (2005). Biotechnology—a sustainable alternative for chemical industry. Biotechnol Adv, 23; 471-499.
Glassmeyer, S.T., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Cahill, J.D., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., Meyer, M.T. and Kryak, D.D. (2005). Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination. Environ Sci Technol, 39(14); 5157-69.
Gu, M.B., Mitchell, R.J. and Kim, B.C. (2004). Whole-cell-based biosensors for environmental biomonitoring and application. In Biomanufacturing, 269-305 pp.
Harrison, E.Z., Oakes, S.R., Hysell, M. and Hay, A. (2006). Organic chemicals in sewage sludges. Sci Total Environ, 367(2-3); 481-497.
Harrison, P.T.C., Humfrey, C.D.N., Litchfield, M., Peakall, D. and Shuker, L.K. (1995). IEH assessment on environmental oestrogens: Consequences to human health and wildlife. MRC Institute for Environment and Health.
Heberer, T. and Feldmann, D. (2005). Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents—modeling versus measurements. J Hazard Mater, 122(3); 211-218.
Houtman, C.J. (2010). Emerging contaminants in surface waters and their relevance for the production of drinking water in Europe. J Integr Environ Sci, 7(4); 271-295
Jacobson, J.L. and Jacobson, S.W. (1997). Evidence for PCBs as neurodevelopmental toxicants in humans.Neurotoxicol, 18(2); 415-424.
Jackson, J. and Sutton, R. (2008). Sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urban wastewater, Oakland, CA. Sci Total Environ, 405(1-3); 153-160.
Jiang, J.Q., Zhou, Z. and Sharma, V.K. (2013). Occurrence, transportation, monitoring and treatment of emerging micro-pollutants in waste water—a review from global views. Microchem J, 110; 292-300.
Jobling, S., Reynolds, T., White, R., Parker, M.G. and Sumpter, J.P. (1995). A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ Health Perspect, 103(6); 582-587.
Kanakaraju, D., Glass, B.D. and Oelgemöller, M. (2014). Titanium dioxide photocatalysis for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Environ Chem Lett, 12(1); 27-47.
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R.M. and Guwy, A.J. (2009). The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water Res, 43(2); 363-380.
Klaper, R. and Welch, L.C. (2011). Emerging contaminant threats and the Great Lakes: Existing science, estimating relative risk and determining policies. Alliance for the Great Lakes.
Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B. and Buxton, H.T. (2002). Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999− 2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol, 36(6); 1202-1211.
Kirschner, E.M. (1997). Boomers quest for agelessness. Chem Eng News, 75(9);19.
Krishnan, A.V., Stathis, P., Permuth, S.F., Tokes, L. and Feldman, D. (1993). Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology, 132(6); 2279-2286.
Labadie, P., Cundy, A.B., Stone, K., Andrews, M., Valbonesi, S. and Hill, E.M. (2007). Evidence for the migration of steroidal estrogens through river bed sediments. Environ Sci Technol, 41(12); 4299-304.
La Farre, M., Pérez, S., Kantiani, L. and Barceló, D. (2008). Fate and toxicity of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products in the aquatic environment. Trends Analyt Chem, 27(11); 991-1007.
Larsson, D.G.J. (2008). Drug production facilities–an overlooked discharge source for pharmaceuticals to the environment. Pharmaceuticals in the environment, 37-42.
Larsson, D.J., de Pedro, C. and Paxeus, N. (2007). Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater, 148(3); 751-755.
Liu, L., Bilal, M., Duan, X. and Iqbal, H.M. (2019). Mitigation of environmental pollution by genetically engineered bacteria—Current challenges and future perspectives. Sci Total Environ.
Luo, Y., Guo, W., Ngo, H.H., Nghiem, L.D., Hai, F.I., Zhang, J., Liang, S. and Wang, X.C. (2014). A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ, 473; 619-641.
Maletz, S., Floehr, T., Beier, S., Klümper, C., Brouwer, A., Behnisch, P., Higley, E., Giesy, J.P., Hecker, M., Gebhardt, W. and Linnemann, V. (2013). In vitro characterization of the effectiveness of enhanced sewage treatment processes to eliminate endocrine activity of hospital effluents. Water Res, 47(4); 1545-1557.
Marcoux, M.A., Matias, M., Olivier, F. and Keck, G. (2013). Review and prospect of emerging contaminants in waste–Key issues and challenges linked to their presence in waste treatment schemes: General aspects and focus on nanoparticles. Waste Manag, 33(11); 2147-2156.
Martins, T.D., Ribeiro, A.C.C., de Camargo, H.S., da Costa Filho, P.A., Cavalcante, H.P.M. and Dias, D.L. (2013). New insights on optical biosensors: techniques, construction and application. State of the Art in Biosensors-General Aspects, 13; 112-139.
McAllister, L. and Semple, K.T. (2010). Measurement of bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in soil. Bioremediation, 1-14 pp.
McMurry, L.M., Oethinger, M. and Levy, S.B. (1998). Triclosan targets lipid synthesis. Nature, 394(6693); 531.
Miller, K.J. and Meek, J. (2006). Helena Valley ground water: pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors (PPCPs), and microbial indicators of fecal contamination. MT: Montana Department of Environmental Quality.
Mompelat, S., Le Bot, B. and Thomas, O. (2009). Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resource to drinking water. Environ Int, 35(5); 803-14.
Mortensen, A., Granby, K., Eriksen, F.D., Cederberg, T.L., Friis-Wandall, S., Simonsen, Y., Broesbøl-Jensen, B. and Bonnichsen, R. (2014). Levels and risk assessment of chemical contaminants in byproducts for animal feed in Denmark. J Environ Sci Health B, 49(11); 797-810.
Mutiyar, P.K. and Mittal, A.K. (2014). Occurrences and fate of selected human antibiotics in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plant and effluent-receiving river Yamuna in Delhi (India).  Environ Monit Assess, 49(11); 797-810.
Nazaret, S. and Aminov, R. (2014). Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment. Front Microbiol, 5; 520.
Okumura, T. and Nishikawa, Y. (1996). Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry determination of triclosans in water, sediment and fish samples via methylation with diazomethane. Anal Chimica Acta, 325(3); 175-184.
Olujimi, O.O., Fatoki, O.S., Odendaal, J.P. and Daso, A.P. (2012). Chemical monitoring and temporal variation in levels of endocrine disrupting chemicals (priority phenols and phthalate esters) from selected wastewater treatment plant and freshwater systems in Republic of South Africa. Microchem J, 101; 11-23.
 
Parliament, E.U. (2008). Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing. Off. J. Eur. Union L.
Pomiès, M., Choubert, J.M., Wisniewski, C. and Coquery, M. (2013). Modelling of micropollutant removal in biological wastewater treatments: a review. Sci Total Environ, 443; 733-48.
Poynton, H.C., Loguinov, A.V., Varshavsky, J.R., Chan, S., Perkins, E.J. and Vulpe, C.D. (2008). Gene expression profiling in Daphnia magna part I: concentration-dependent profiles provide support for the no observed transcriptional effect level. Environ Sci Technol, 42(16);6250-6256.
Poynton, H.C. and Vulpe, C.D. (2009). Ecotoxicogenomics: emerging technologies for emerging contaminants. J Am Water Resour Assoc, 45(1); 83-96.
Pryor, S.W., Hay, A.G. and Walker, L.P. (2002). Nonylphenol in anaerobically digested sewage sludge from New York State. Environ Sci Technol, 36(17); 3678-3682.
Piva, F. and Martini, L. (1998). Neurotransmitters and the control of hypophyseal gonadal functions: possible implications of endocrine disruptors. Pure Appl Chem, 70(9); 1647-1656.
Rahman, M.F., Yanful, E.K. and Jasim, S.Y. (2009). Occurrences of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and their removal from drinking water: Challenges in the context of the developing world. Desalination, 248(1-3); 578-585.
Ramaswamy, B.R., Shanmugam, G., Velu, G., Rengarajan, B. and Larsson, D.J. (2011). GC–MS analysis and ecotoxicological risk assessment of triclosan, carbamazepine and parabens in Indian rivers. J Haz Mat, 186(2-3); 1586-1593.
Rasheed, T., Bilal, M., Nabeel, F., Adeel, M. and Iqbal, H.M. (2018). Environmentally-related contaminants of high concern: Potential sources and analytical modalities for detection, quantification, and treatment. Environ Int.
Rivera-Utrilla, J., Sánchez-Polo, M., Ferro-García, M.Á., Prados-Joya, G. and Ocampo-Pérez, R. (2013). Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants and their removal from water. A review. Chemosphere, 93(7); 1268-1287.
Rizzo, L., Manaia, C., Merlin, C., Schwartz, T., Dagot, C., Ploy, M.C., Michael, I. and Fatta-Kassinos, D. (2013). Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: a review. Sci Total Environ, 447; 345-360.
Rosenfeld, P.E., and Feng, L. (2011). Risks of hazardous wastes. William Andrew.
Routledge, E.J., Parker, J., Odum, J., Ashby, J. and Sumpter, J.P. (1998). Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 153(1); 12-9.
Routledge, E.J., Sheahan, D., Desbrow, C., Brighty, G.C., Waldock, M. and Sumpter, J.P. (1998). Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 2. In vivo responses in trout and roach. Environ Sci Technol, 32(11); 1559-1565.
Schmidt, T.C. (2018). Recent trends in water analysis triggering future monitoring of organic micropollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem, 410(17); 3933-3941.
Schulz, M. and Schmoldt, A. (2003). Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of more than 800 drugs and other xenobiotics. Pharmazie- Int J Pharm Sci, 58(7); 447-474.
Scognamiglio, V., Pezzotti, I., Pezzotti, G., Cano, J., Manfredonia, I., Buonasera, K., Arduini, F., Moscone, D., Palleschi, G. and Giardi, M.T. (2012). Towards an integrated biosensor array for simultaneous and rapid multi-analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Analytica Chimica Acta, 751; 161-70.
Sohoni, P. and Sumpter, J.P. (1998). Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens.J Endocrinol, 158(3); 327-340.
Sorensen, J.P.R., Lapworth, D.J., Nkhuwa, D.C.W., Stuart, M.E., Gooddy, D.C., Bell, R.A., Chirwa, M., Kabika, J., Liemisa, M., Chibesa, M. and Pedley, S. (2015). Water Res, 72; 51-63.
Spring, A.J., Bagley, D.M., Andrews, R.C., Lemanik, S. and Yang, P. (2007). Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using a membrane bioreactor and disinfection. J Environ Eng Sci, 6(2); 131-7.
Stahl, D.A. and de la Torre, J.R. (2012). Physiology and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Annu Rev Microbiol, 6; 83-101.
Suárez, S., Carballa, M., Omil, F. and Lema, J.M. (2008). How are pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removed from urban wastewaters? Rev Environ Sci Bio, 7(2); 125-38.
Swartz, C.H., Reddy, S., Benotti, M.J., Yin, H., Barber, L.B., Brownawell, B.J. and Rudel, R.A. (2006). Steroid estrogens, nonylphenol ethoxylate metabolites, and other wastewater contaminants in groundwater affected by a residential septic system on Cape Cod, MA. Environ Sci Technol, 40(16); 4894-4902.
Tolboom, S.N., Carrillo-Nieves, D., de Jesús Rostro-Alanis, M., de la Cruz Quiroz, R., Barceló, D., Iqbal, H.M. and Parra-Saldivar, R. (2019). Algal-based removal strategies for hazardous
contaminants from the environment–a review. Sci Total Environ.
Van Doorslaer, X., Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H. and Demeestere, K. (2014). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an emerging class of environmental micropollutants. Sci Total Environ, 500; 250-69.
Vulliet, E. and Cren-Olivé, C. (2011). Screening of pharmaceuticals and hormones at the regional scale, in surface and groundwaters intended to human consumption. Environ Pollut, 159(10); 2929-2934.
Watkinson, A.J., Murby, E.J., Kolpin, D.W. and Costanzo, S.D. (2009). The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed: from wastewater to drinking water. Sci Total Environ, 407(8); 2711-2723.
Wilkinson, J., Hooda, P.S., Barker, J., Barton, S. and Swinden, J. (2017). Occurrence, fate and transformation of emerging contaminants in water: An overarching review of the field. Environ Pollut, 231; 954-70.
Witte, W. (1998). Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science.
Pollution
Volume 6, Issue 1
January 2020
Pages 99-113

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics