Experimental Evaluation of Regression Prediction Analysis After Testing Engine Performance Characteristics

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Using ethanol in gasoline is considered one of the most significant goals in the 2030 agenda, which has been set a 15-year plan in order to achieve it since 2015. Appropriately, this project was planned for predicting the value of the most important engine parameters such as the equivalence air-fuel ratio (φ), fuel consumption (ṁf), and brake thermal efficiency nb. th, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by regression models. According to the protocol of this project, first, the determined percentages of ethanol were added (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%) to gasoline at different engine speeds (850, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm and the New European Driving Cycle test). After testing, calculating, mathematical programming, and fitting the regression models for the two SI-engine (TU5 and EF7) with different properties of engine design,12 regression equations have been determined for each of the ‘ (positive linear model), (ṁf) (negative linear model), nb.th (negative second-order polynomial model), and BSFC (positive second-order polynomial model), respectively. Clearly, these 48 regression equations with different line slopes will be able to predict the exact value of the ‘, (ṁf), nb.th, and BSFC for each concentration of ethanol at different engine speeds in order to help automotive industries for trend predicting them in other similar engines.

Keywords


Ahmed, T. M., Bergvall, C. and Westerholm, R. (2018). Emissions of particulate associated oxygenated and native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from vehicles powered by ethanol/gasoline fuel blends. Fuel, 214, 381-385.
Al-Baghdadi, M. A. S. (2008). Measurement and prediction study of the effect of ethanol blending on the performance and pollutants emission of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part D: J. Automob. Eng., 222(5), 859-873.
Armas, O., García-Contreras, R. and Ramos, Á. (2012). Pollutant emissions from engine starting with ethanol and butanol diesel blends. Fuel Process. Technol., 100, 63-72.
Badrawada, I. G. G. and Susastriawan, A. A. P. (2019). Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 21(9), 1891-1896.
Balabin, R. M., Syunyaev, R. Z. and Karpov, S. A. (2007). Molar enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol–gasoline mixtures and their colloid state. Fuel, 86(3), 323-327.
Balki, M. K., Sayin, C. and Canakci, M. (2014). The effect of different alcohol fuels on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine. Fuel, 115, 901-906.
Chansauria, P. and Mandloi, R. K. (2018). Effects of ethanol blends on performance of spark ignition engine-a review. Mater. Today:. Proc., 5(2), 4066-4077.
Canakci, M., Ozsezen, A. N., Alptekin, E. and Eyidogan, M. (2013). Impact of alcohol–gasoline fuel blends on the exhaust emission of an SI engine. Renewable Energy, 52, 111-117.
Celik, M. B. (2008). Experimental determination of suitable ethanol–gasoline blend rate at high compression ratio for gasoline engine. Appl. Therm. Eng., 28(5-6), 396-404.
Costagliola, M. A., Prati, M. V., Florio, S., Scorletti, P., Terna, D., Iodice, P., ... & Senatore, A. (2016). Performances and emissions of a 4-stroke motorcycle fuelled with ethanol/gasoline blends. Fuel, 183, 470-477. 
Daniela, O., Marques, Lúcio S. F., Trevizan, Isabella M. F. Oliveira. Omar Seye & Ramon E. P. Silva. (2016). Combustion assessment of an ethanol/ gasoline flex-fuel engine. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.
Eyidogan, M., Ozsezen, A. N., Canakci, M. and Turkcan, A. (2010). Impact of alcohol–gasoline fuel blends on the performance and combustion characteristics of an SI engine. Fuel, 89(10), 2713-2720. 
Elfasakhany, A. (2017). Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 71, 404-413.
Elfasakhany, A. (2020). Gasoline engine fueled with bioethanol-bio-acetone-gasoline blends: Performance and emissions exploration. Fuel, 274, 117825.
Hasan, A. O., Al-Rawashdeh, H., Ala’a, H., Abu-jrai, A., Ahmad, R. and Zeaiter, J. (2018). Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends. Fuel, 231, 197-203. 
Jeuland, N., Montagne, X. and Gautrot, X. (2004). Potentiality of ethanol as a fuel for dedicated engine. Oil Gas Sci. Technol., 59(6), 559-570.
Kareddula, V. K. and Puli, R. K. (2018). Influence of plastic oil with ethanol gasoline blending on multi cylinder spark ignition engine. Alexandria Eng. J., 57(4), 2585-2589. 
Koc, M., Sekmen, Y., Topgül, T. and Yücesu, H. S. (2009). The effects of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a spark-ignition engine. Renewable energy, 34(10), 2101-2106. 
Li, Y. X., Ning, Z., Yan, J. H., Lee, T. H. and Lee, C. F. F. (2019). Experimental investigation on combustion and unregulated emission characteristics of butanol-isomer/gasoline blends. J. Cent. South Univ., 26(8), 2244-2258. 
Luo, Y., Zhu, L., Fang, J., Zhuang, Z., Guan, C., Xia, C., ... & Huang, Z. (2015). Size distribution, chemical composition and oxidation reactivity of particulate matter from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with ethanol-gasoline fuel. Appl. Therm. Eng., 89, 647-655.
Manzetti, S. and Andersen, O. (2015). A review of emission products from bioethanol and its blends with gasoline. Background for new guidelines for emission control. Fuel, 140, 293-301.
Najafi, G., Ghobadian, B., Tavakoli, T., Buttsworth, D. R., Yusaf, T. F. and Faizollahnejad, M. J. A. E. (2009). Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network. Appl. Energy, 86(5), 630-639. 
Prasad, B. N., Pandey, J. K. and Kumar, G. N. (2020). Impact of changing compression ratio on engine characteristics of an SI engine fueled with equi-volume blend of methanol and gasoline. Energy, 191, 116605.
Schifter, I., Diaz, L., Rodriguez, R., Gómez, J. P. and Gonzalez, U. (2011). Combustion and emissions behavior for ethanol–gasoline blends in a single cylinder engine. Fuel, 90(12), 3586-3592. 
Uslu, S. and Celik, M. B. (2020). Performance and exhaust emission prediction of a SI engine fueled with I-amyl alcohol-gasoline blends: An ANN coupled RSM Based Optimization. Fuel, 265, 116922. 
Yucesu, H. S., Topgül, T., Cinar, C. and Okur, M. (2006). Effect of ethanol–gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratios. Appl. Therm. Eng., 26(17-18), 2272-2278.
Zaharin, M. S. M., Abdullah, N. R., Masjuki, H. H., Ali, O. M., Najafi, G. and Yusaf, T. (2018). Evaluation on physicochemical properties of iso-butanol additives in ethanol-gasoline blend on performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine. Appl. Therm. Eng., 144, 960-971.