Removal of Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions using adsorption By Bentonite Clay and Study the Adsorption Thermodynamics

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Marine Environmental Chemistry, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

2 Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq

3 Education Directorate of Thi-Qar, Ministry of Education Iraq

Abstract

cadmium usually enter the environment and water resources through wastewater, released by various industries, and may have adverse effects. The current study employs surface of bentonite clay available locally in order to remove cadmium In solutions contaminated with this type of ions, in order to research on a surface with a high ability to adsorption of cadmium (II) ions, study Some factors affect the adsorption process on bentonite clay, such as contact time, pH the solution, Adsorbent particle size, Initial concentration of solutions and temperature of the solution were examined in the a batch process mode. The amount of adsorbed Cd (II) increased with height temperature, the optimum adsorption pH was about 6.5. Under this condition, the percent removal was 95.17%. The adsorption  isotherms were studied and  the results of adsorption processes were more fitted with Friendlich model rather than Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamic study showed that,  ΔH was endothermic, ΔG is found to be negative That is, the process is automatic and  ΔS was found to be positive. The current study also involves  practical application using bentonite to get rid of Cd(II) ions  to  from wastewater of Hamdan's station of the Basra- iraq, The results indicate high affinity (97.84%) removal of Cd(II) ions.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbas, M. )2020(. Experimental investigation of activated carbon prepared from apricot stones material (ASM) adsorbent for removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution, Adsorption Scie & Techn. , 38(1-2); 24-45.
Abbou. B., Lebkiri, I., Ouaddari, H., Kadiri, L., Ouass, A., Habsaoui, A., Lebkiri, A, & Rifi, E. (2021). Removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), & Pb(II) by adsorption onto natural clay: a kinetic & thermodynamic study. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 45, 362- 376.
Adamson, A.W. & Gast, A. P. (2001). Physical Chemistry of Surfaces , 6th Ed , John Wiley & Sons , Inc , New York.
Babadi, N., Tavakkoli, H. & Afshari, M. (2018), Synthesis & characterization of nanocomposite NiFe2O4 @ SalenSi & its application in effIcient removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 32(1); 77-88.
Briffa, J., Sinagra, E. & Blundell, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment & their toxicological effects on humans, Heliyon, 6; 1-26.
Es-Said. A., El-Hamdaoui, L., Ennoukh, F. E., Nafai, H., Zerki, N., Lamzougui, G. & Bchitou, R. (2023). Chemometrics approach for adsorption multi-response optimization of Cu(II), Zn(II), & Cd(II) ions from phosphoric acid solution using natural clay. Phosphorus, Sulfur, & silicon & the related elements; 2164765.
Galindo, L. S. G, Neto, A. F., Silva, M. G. & Vieira, M. G. (2013). Removal of Cadmium(II) & Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Phase on Sodic Bentonite, Materials Research, 16(2); 515-527.
Ge, H. & Ma, Z. (2015). Microwave preparation of triethylenetetramine modifed graphene oxide/chitosan composite for adsorption of Cr(VI), J. Carbo. Poly. 131; 280-287.
Ghanbari, M. & Salavati-Niasari, M. (2021). Copper iodide decorated graphitic carbon nitride sheets with enhanced visible-light response for photocatalytic organic pollutant removal & antibacterial activities, Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety. 208 ; 111712.
Giles, C. H., MamEwans, T. H.,  Nakhwa,  S.N. &  Smith, D. (1960). Studies in Adsorption: Part XI. A System of Classification of Solution Adsorption Isotherms & Its Use in Diagnosis of Adsorption Mechanisms & in Measurement of Specific Surface Area Solids, J. Chem. Soc., 14; 3973-3993.
Gyaath, I. W. (2012). Thermodynamic study of cadmium adsorption on synthetic activated carbon from Iraqi date Pit. Journal of Al-Anbar University for Pure Science, 6 (3), 109 - 114.
Hammood, A. Y. , Jassim, T. E. & Al-Asadi, M. J. K. (2021). Use of nano-magnetic materials for removal of lead (II) & cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solutions, Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci. 36(1); 59 -72.
Hmood, A. Y. & Jassim, T. E. (2013). Adsorption of copper(II) & lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions by porcellanite,Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci. 28(2); 109 - 120.
Javadian, H., Ghorbani, F., Tayebi, H. & Asl, S. H. (2015). Study of the adsorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution using zeolite-based geopolymer, synthesized from coal fly ash; kinetic, isotherm & thermodynamic studies,  Arabian J. of Chem., 8; 837–849.
Jain, P., Kaur, M., Kaur, M. & Grewal, J. K. (2019).Comparative studies on spinal ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Mg/Co) nanoparticles as potential adsorbents for Pb(II) ions, Bull. Mater. Sci., 42; 1-9.
Javidi, A. K., & Esfandiari, N. (2019). Synthesis of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse & application for mercury adsorption. Pollution, 5(3), 585-596.
Jenan, A. A., Ramzy S. H. & Zaydoon M. S. (2010). Removal of Cadmium(II) Onto Granular Activated Carbon And Kaolinite Using Batch Adsorption. Eng. & Tech. Journal, 28(10), 2070-2080.
Jing, Y., Cao Y., Yang, Q. & Wang, X. (2020). Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution by Clay- biochar Composite prepared from Aiternanthera philoxerodides & Bentonite , BioResources, 15(1); 598-615.
Karami, M., Ghanbari, M., Alshamsi, H. A., Rashkic, S. & Salavati-Niasari, M. (2021). Facile fabrication of Tl4HgI6 nanostructures as novel antibacterial & antibiofilm agents & photocatalysts in the degradation of organic pollutants, Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 8, 2442-2460.
Kareem, E. T., AL-Da’amy, M.A., Hassan, M. J. & Husen, S. M. (2008). Study Mechanisms & Kinetics of removal Cadmium Ions from Aqueous soultions on Bentonite surface, J. of Kerbala Univ. , 6 (3); 1-8.
Kishani, S., Benselfelt, T., Wagberg, L. & Wohlert, J. (2021). Entropy drives the adsorption of xyloglucan to cellulose surfaces - A molecular dynamics study, J. Colloid & Interface Sci. 588; 485-493.   
Khdeem, L. H. (2010). Adsorption of Fe+3 , Cr+3 , Cd+2 ions from aqueous solution on red Kaolin. National Journal of Chemistry, 38, 211-220.
Khulbe, K. C. & Matsuura, T. (2018), Removal, of heavy metals & pollutants by membrane adsorption techniques, Applied Water Scie., 8 (19); 1-30.
Kurniawan, T. A, Chan, G. Y. S, Lo, W. & Babel, S. (2006). Comparisons of low-cost adsorbents for treating wastewaters laden with heavy metals, Sci. of The total Envi., 366; 409-426.  
Lakshmikandhan, K. & Ramadevi, A. (2019). Removal of lead in water using activated carbon prepared from Acacia catechu, Water SA, 45(3); 374-382.
Lund, W. (1994). The Pharmaceutical Codex, 12th Ed, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, , 774-8512.
Mahmoud, E. N., Fayed, F. Y., Ibrahim, K. M. & Jaafreh, S. 2021. Removal of Cadmium, Copper, & Lead From Water Using Bio-Sorbent From Treated Olive Mill Solid Residue, Envir. Health Insights, 15;1-10.  
Orooji, Y. , Ghanbari, M. & Salavati-Niasari, M. (2020). Facile fabrication of silver iodide/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites by notable photo-catalytic performance through sunlight & antimicrobial activity, Journal of Hazardous Materials 389 ; 122079.
Pehlivan, E., Altun, T. & Parlayıc, S. (2009). Utilization of barley straws as biosorbents for Cu2+ & Pb2+ ions, J. of Hazardous Materials,164;982-986.
Rao, K.S., Shashi, A. & Paladugu, V. (2010). Adsorption of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution by Tectona grandis L.F. (teak leaves powder) , Bioresources, 5(1); 438-454.
Sepehr, E. & Tosan, A. (2016). Removal efficiency of some biosorbents in removing of cadmium from aqueous solution. J. Nat. Environ ., 68 (4), 583-594.
Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F.X. & Kiemle, D. J. (2005). Spectrometric Identification  of Organic Compounds, 7th ed, state University of New York.
Singanan, M. (2011). Removal of lead(II) & cadmium(II) ions from wastewater using activated biocarbon. scienceAsia, 37, 115-119.
Tighadouini, S., Radi, S., El-Massaoudi, M., Lakbaibi, Z., Ferbinteanu, M. & Garcia, Y. (2020). Efficient & Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent Based on β Ketoenol-Pyrazole-Thiophene for Heavy-Metal Ion Removal from Aquatic Medium: A Combined Experimental & Theoretical Study, ACS Omega., 5 ;17324 - 17336.
Waly, T.A., Dakroury, A.M., El-sayed, G.O. & El-salam, S.A. (2010). Assessment removal of heavy metals ions from wastewater by cement kiln dust(CKD), J. American Sci., 6 (12); 910-917.
Zouboulis, A. I., Lazaridis, N. K. & Matis, K. A. (2002). Removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous systems by biosorptive flotation, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77; 958-964.