Abebe, B., Legesse, W., Triest, L., & Kloos, H. (2009). Urban impact on ecological integrity of nearby rivers in developing countries: the Borkena River in highland Ethiopia. 461–476.
Abebe, W. B., Tilahun, S. A., Moges, M. M., Wondie, A., Dersseh, M. G., Assefa, W. W., Mhiret, D. A., Adem, A. A., Zimale, F. A., Abera, W., Steenhuis, T. S., & Mcclain, M. E. (2021). Ecological Status as the Basis for the Holistic Environmental Flow Assessment of a Tropical Highland River in Ethiopia. Water, 13, 1–17.
Abera, S., Zeyinudin, A., Kebede, B., Deribew, A., & Ali, S. (2011). “Bacteriological analysis of drinking water sources.” Afr. J. of Microbiology Res., 5(18), 2638–2641.
Agboola, O. A., Downs, C. T., & O’Brien, G. (2020). Ecological Risk of Water Resource Use to the Wellbeing of Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Rivers of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Frontiers in Water, 2(December), 1–17.
Aghajari, K. S., Safaie, M., Valinassab, T., Noorinezhad, M., & Mortazavi, M. S. (2021). Assessing the diversity of macroinvertebrates communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sciences, 20(6), 1704–1726.
Araujo, F. G., Morado, C. N., Parente, T. T. E., Paumgartten, F. J. R., & Gomes, I. D. (2018). Biomarkers and bioindicators of the environmental condition using a fish species (Pimelodus maculatus Lacepède , 1803) in a tropical reservoir in Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian J. of Bio., 78(2), 351–359.
Arimoro, F.O., & James, H.M. (2008) Preliminary pictorial guide to the macroinvertebrates of Delta State Rivers, Southern Nigeria. Albany Museum, Grahamstown.
Arimoro, F. O., & Ikomi, R. B. (2009). Ecological integrity of upper Warri River, Niger Delta using aquatic insects as bioindicators. Ecol. Indicators, 9(3), 455–461.
Arimoro, F. O., Odume, O. N., Uhunoma, S. I., & Edegbene, A. O. (2015). Anthropogenic impact on water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrate associated changes in a southern Nigeria stream. Env. Monitoring and Assessment, 187(2), 1–14.
Awomeso, J. A., Ahmad, S. M., & Taiwo, A. M. (2020). Multivariate assessment of groundwater quality in the basement rocks of Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria. Env. Earth Sc., 79(5), 1–9.
Awrahman, Z. A., Rainbow, P. S., Smith, B. D., Khan, F. R., & Fialkowski, W. (2016). Caddisflies Hydropsyche spp. as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailability thresholds causing disturbance in freshwater stream benthic communities. Env. Poll., 216(30), 793–805.
Costas, N., Pardo, I., Méndez-Fernández, L., Martínez-Madrid, M., & Rodríguez, P. (2018). Sensitivity of macroinvertebrate indicator taxa to metal gradients in mining areas in Northern Spain. Ecol. Indicators, 93(March), 207–218.
Edegbene, A O., & Arimoro, F. O. (2012). Ecological Status Of Owan River Southern Nigeria Using Aquatic as Bioindicators. J. of Aq. Sc., 27(2), 99–111.
Edegbene, A. O., Arimoro, F. O., & Odume, O. N. (2019a). Developing and applying a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for urban rivers in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Ecol. and Evol., 9(22), 12869–12885.
Edegbene, A.O., Elakhame, L.A., Arimoro, F.O. & Osimen,.E.C. (2019b). Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index and some selected macroinvertebrate taxa metrics as a diagnostic tool for assessing pollution loads in a Municipal River in North Central Nigeria. Tropical Freshwater Biology, 28(1): 1 – 16.
Edegbene, A. O., Akamagwuna, F. C., Odume, O. N., Arimoro, F. O., Edegbene Ovie, T. T., Akumabor, E. C., Ogidiaka, E., Kaine, E. A., & Nwaka, K. H. (2022). A Macroinvertebrate-Based Multimetric Index for Assessing Ecological Condition of Forested Stream Sites Draining Nigerian Urbanizing Landscapes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18), 1–21.
Edegbene, O. A., Omovoh, G. O., Osimen, E. C., Ogidiaka, E., & Olatunji, E. O. (2021). Assessing the Ecological Health of a River in North- West Nigeria using Macroinvertebrates Structural Assemblage and Environmental Factors Assessing the Ecological Health of a River in North- West Nigeria using Macroinvertebrates Structural Assemblage and. Asian J. of Geo. Res., 4, 1–16.
Edegbene, A.O. & Akamagwuna, F.C. (2022). Insights from the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria on the impacts of urban pollution on the functional organisation of Afrotropical macroinvertebrates. Scientific Reports, 12:22-51.
Emeribe, C. N., Ogbomida, E. T., Fasipe, O. A., Biose, O., Aganmwonyi, I., Isiekwe, M., Fasipe, I. P., & Arki, G. (2016). Hydrological assessments of some rivers in edo state, nigeria for small-scale hydropower development. Nig. J. of Tech., 35(3), 656–668.
Erasmus, J. H., Lorenz, A. W., Zimmermann, S., Wepener, V., Sures, B., Smit, N. J., & Malherbe, W. (2021). A diversity and functional approach to evaluate the macroinvertebrate responses to multiple stressors in a small subtropical austral river. Ecol. Ind., 131, 1–11.
Fekadu, M. B., Agembe, S., Kiptum, C. K., & Mingist, M. (2022). Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages During the Wet Season in Kipsinende River, Kenya. Turkish J. of Fisheries and Aq. Sc., 22(6), 1–11.
Garba, F., Ogidiaka, E., Akamagwuna, F. C., Nwaka, K. H., Garba, F., Ogidiaka, E., Akamagwuna, F. C., Nwaka, K. H., Garba, F., Ogidiaka, E., & Akamagwuna, F. C. (2022). Deteriorating water quality state on the structural assemblage of aquatic insects in a North-Western Nigerian River. Water Sc., 36(1), 22–31.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. 21.
Ibemenuga, N. K., & Inyang, H. (2006). Macroinvertebrate fauna of a tropical freshwater stream in nigeria. Animal Res. Int., 3(3), 553–561.
Iyama, W. A., Edori, O. S., & Precious, N. (2019). Physicochemical Assessment of Surface Water Quality around the Sagbama Creek Water Body, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Physicochemical Assessment of Surface Water Quality around the Sagbama Creek Water Body Bayelsa State Nigeria. Global J. of Sc. Frontier Res.: B Chemistry, 19, 1–12.
Jckel K (1986) Finite sample properties and asymptotic efficiency of Monte Carlo tests.
J. of Appl. Econometric 14:85–118
Keke, U. N., Omoigberale, M. O., Ezenwa, I., Yusuf, A., Biose, E., Nweke, N., Edegbene, A. O., & Arimoro, F. O. (2021). Macroinvertebrate communities and physicochemical characteristics along an anthropogenic stress gradient in a southern Nigeria stream: Implications for ecological restoration. Env. and Sustainability Indicators, 12, 1–12.
Kownacki, A., & Szarek-Gwiazda, E. (2022). The Impact of Pollution on Diversity and Density of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Mountain and Upland Rivers. Water (Switzerland), 14(9), 1–16. https
Love, D., Hallbauer, D., Amos, A., & Hranova, R. (2004). Factor analysis as a tool in groundwater quality management: Two southern African case studies. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 29(15-18 SPEC.ISS.), 1135–1143.
Mellanby, H. (1975). Animal life in freshwater. A guide to freshwater invertebrates. Chapman and Hall. London. 305pp.
Njosi, J. A. (2010) A Textbook of Water quality Management analysis and analytical techniques. Iloeje Publishers, Lagos. 100pp
Njuguna, S. M., Onyango, J. A., Githaiga, K. B., Gituru, R. W., & Yan, X. (2020). Application of multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index in health risk assessment by domestic use of river water. Case study of Tana River in Kenya. Process Safety and Env. Protection, 133, 149–158. https
Odigie, J. O. (2019). Application of Water Quality and Pollution Tolerance Indexes as Effective Tools for River Management. Punjab University J. of Zoology, 34(2), 105–113.
Odigie, O. J., Ogie, E. T., & Efosa, O. B. (2016). Heavy Metal Toxicity and Histopathology of Select Organs of Tilapia Fish from Ikpoba River, Benin City, Nigeria. FUNAI J. of Sc. & Tech., 2(1), 10–22.
Odigie, J. O., & Osimen, C. E. (2018). Oligochaetes of two tropical rainforest lakes in Benin City, Nigeria. Nig. J. of Tech. Res., 13(2), 74–81.
Odigie, O., & Olomukoro, J. O. (2020). Physicochemical Profiles and Water Quality Indices of Surface Waters Collected from Falcorp Mangrove Swamp, Delta State, Nig. J. of App. Sc. and Env. Mgmnt, 24(2), 357–365.
Ogidiaka, E., Asagbra, M.C., Arimoro, F.O., & Edegbene, A.O. (2013). Non- Cichlid Fish Communities of Warri River at Agbarho Niger Delta Area, Nigeria. J. of Aquatic Sciences 28(1): 17 -23.
Ogidiaka, E., Ikomi, R. B., Akamagwuna, F. C., & Edegbene, A. O. (2022). Exploratory accounts of the increasing pollution gradients and macroinvertebrates structural assemblage in an afrotropical estuary. Biologia, 77(8), 2103–2114.
Olatunji, E., & Anani, A. (2014). Bacteriological and physicochemical evaluation of river Ela , Edo State Nigeria: water quality and perceived community health concerns. J. Bio Innov, 9(5), 736–749.
Olatunji, E. O., Fakeye, D., & Oladotun, I. (2019). Characterization and identification of bacterial isolates from different drinking water sources in uromi, Edo State, Nigeria. Sau Sci-Tech J., 4(1), 37-55.
Olatunji, E., O., Anani, A. O., Osimen, C. E., Omojoyegbe, T. R., & Ogiesoba‑Eguakun, C. U. (2022). Public health concerns and water quality integrity of selected water sources in a peri-urban community. Sustainable Water Resources Mgmt, 8(150), 1–12.
Olomukoro, J. O., & Dirisu, A. R. (2014). Macroinvertebrate community and pollution tolerance index in edion and omodo rivers in derived savannah wetlands in southern Nigeria. Jordan J. of Bio. Sc., 7(1), 19–24.
Omovoh, B. O., Chukwuzuoke, F., Zakari, H., & Edegbene, A. O. (2022). Macroinvertebrates of Wupa River, Abuja, Nigeria: Do environmental variables pattern their assemblages? Biology Insights, 1, 1–9.
Osuinde, M.I., Ekundayo, A.O., & Adaigbe F.O. (2002) Physico-chemical properties of Ugbalo river in Irrua, Edo-State, Nigeria. Foundation for African Development through International Biotechnology [F.A.D.I.B.] Proceeding of Genetic Engineering Workshop. 2002. 56-59.
Ramezanpour, Z. (2014). Phytoplankton as bio-indicator of water quality in Sefid Rud River – Iran (South Caspian Sea). Caspian J. of Env. Sc., 12(1), 31–40.
Tagliapietra, D., & Sigovini, M. (2021). Benthic fauna: Collection and identification of macrobenthic invertebrates Benthic fauna: collection and identification of macrobenthic invertebrates. Terre et Env., 88, 253–261.
Tampo, L., Kaboré, I., Alhassan, E. H., Ouéda, A., Bawa, L. M., & Djaneye-Boundjou, G. (2021). Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Ecological Indicators: Their Sensitivity to the Water Quality and Human Disturbances in a Tropical River. Frontiers in Water, 3(662765), 1–17.
W.H.O. (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (4th ed.). Gutenberg.
Zahraddeen H. Y. (2020). Phytoplankton as bioindicators of water quality in Nasarawa reservoir, Katsina State Nigeria. Acta Limn. Brasiliensia, 32(4), 1–11.