Ahmad, J., Anwar, S., Shad, A. A., Marwat, F. Y. S., Bibi, H.; Ahmad, F., Noor, W., & Sadia, B. (2021). Yield and nutritional status of mungbean as influenced by molybdenum and phosphorus. Pak. J. Agric. Res., 34(1): 144–153. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2021/34.1.144.153
Ahmed, M., Rauf, M., Mukhtar, Z., & Saeed, N. A. (2017). Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers: an unawareness causing serious threats to environment and human health. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24, 26983–26987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0589-7
Alam, F., Kim, T. Y., & Kim, S. Y. (2015). Effect of molybdenum on nodulation, plant yield and nitrogen uptake in hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth). Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 61, 664–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2015.1030690
Arabhanvi, F., Pujar, A. M., & Hulihalli, U. K. (2015).Micronutrients and productivity of oilseed crops – A review. Agric. Rev., 36. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.v36i4.6672
Aulakh, M. S., & Malhi, S. S. (2005). Interactions of nitrogen with other nutrients and water: Effect on crop yield and quality, nutrient use efficiency, carbon sequestration, and environmental pollution. Adv. Agron., 86, 341–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(05)86007-9
Babu, S., Singh, R., Yadav, D., Rathore, S. S., Raj, R., Avasthe, R., Yadav, S. K., Das, A., Yadav, V., Yadav, B., Shekhawat, K., Upadhyay, P. K., Yadav, D. K., & Singh, V. K. (2022). Nanofertilizers for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Chemosphere, 292, 133451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133451
Baligar, V. C., & Fageria, N. K. (2007). Agronomy and physiology of tropical cover crops. J. Plant Nutr., 30, 1287–1339. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701554997
Behera, S. K., Shukla, A. K., & Lakaria, B. L. (2015). Deficiency of boron and molybdenum in soils and crops of India and their amelioration. Indian Farming, 63, 27–29.
Brodrick, S. J., & Giller, K. E. (1991). Genotypic difference in molybdenum accumulation affects N₂ fixation in tropical Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Exp. Bot., 42, 1339–1344. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.10.1339
Brychkova, G., Yarmolinsky, D., Batushansky, A., Grishkevich, V., Khozin-Goldberg, I., Fait, A., Amir, R., Fluhr, R., & Sagi, M. (2015). Sulfite Oxidase Activity Is Essential for Normal Sulfur, Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Tomato Leaves. Plants, 4(3), 573-605. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4030573
Campbell, W. H. (1999).Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: Bridging the gap between biochemistry and physiology. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 50, 277–303. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.277
Chakkal, A. S., Kumar, P., Butail, N. P., Sharma, M., Kumar, P., Suri, D., & Shukla, A. K. (2023). Influence of molybdenum application on soil nutrient status and uptake by cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) in an Acid Alfisol soil. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.12132320
Fageria, N. K., & Baligar, V. C. (2005).Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Adv. Agron., 88, 97–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(05)88004-6
Folina, A., Tataridas, A., Mavroeidis, A., Kousta, A., Katsenios, N., Efthimiadou, A., Travlos, I. S., Roussis, I., Darawsheh, M. K., Papastylianou, P., & Kakabouki, I. (2021). Evaluation of Various Nitrogen Indices in N-Fertilizers with Inhibitors in Field Crops: A Review. Agronomy, 11(3), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030418
Gupta, U. C., & Lipsett, J. (2020).Molybdenum in soils, plants, and animals. Adv. Agron., 164, 1–47. Guan, Y., Lu, L., Liu, J., Lyu, M., Xu, X., Xing, Y., Feng, Z., Liu, C., Xie, H., Ni, W., Wang, H., Zhang, R., Wu, W., Guo, Z., Ding, Y., Zhu, Z., Jiang, Y., & Ge, S. (2025). Zinc promotes nitrogen uptake and plant growth by regulating the antioxidant system and carbon–nitrogen metabolism under drought condition in apple plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 221, 109619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109619
Hayyawi, N., Al-Issawi, M., Alrajhi, A., Al-Shmgani, H., & Rihan, H. (2020). Molybdenum induces growth, yield, and defence system mechanisms of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under water stress conditions. Int. J. Agron., 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8887329
Hille, R. (2013). The molybdenum oxotransferases and related enzymes. Dalton Trans., 42, 3029–3042. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2dt32376a
Imran, M., Sun, X., Hussain, S., Ali, U., Rana, M. S., Rasul, F., Saleem, M. H., Moussa, M. G., Bhantana, P., Afzal, J., Elyamine, A. M., & Hu, C. X. (2019).Molybdenum-induced effects on nitrogen metabolism enzymes and elemental profile of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different nitrogen sources.Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20(12), 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123009
Jayara, A. S., Pandey, S., & Kumar, R. (2021).Micronutrients: Role in plants, their spatial deficiency and management in Indian soils: A review. Agric. Rev. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2162
Ji, C., Li, J., Jiang, C., Zhang, L., Shi, L., Xu, F., & Cai, H. (2021).Zinc and nitrogen synergistically act on root-to-shoot translocation and preferential distribution in rice. J. Adv. Res., 35, 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.04.005
Jin-Peng, G., & Chiu, C. H. (2025).Micronutrients: Minor yet crucial for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Plant Commun., 6, 2590–3462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2025.101345
Kaiser, B. N., Gridley, K. L., Brady, J. N., & (others if any). (2005). The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production. Ann. Bot., 96, 745–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci226
Khan, N., Tariq, M., Ullah, K., Muhammad, D., Khan, I., Rahatullah, K., Ahmed, N., & Ahmed, S. (2014). The effect of molybdenum and iron on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield of chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.). IOSR J. Agric. Vet. Sci., 7, 63–79. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07136379
Khatun, A. (2021).Effect of phosphorus and molybdenum on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). [Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University]..
Kong, Y., Lv, C., & Chen, G. (2023). Implantation of iron into copper: An effective strategy for facilitating electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction. Mater. Today Energy, 31, 101215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2022.101215
Kovács, B., Puskás-Preszner, A., Huzsvai, L., & (others if any). (2015). Effect of molybdenum treatment on molybdenum concentration and nitrate reduction in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 96, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.013
Liu, C., Hu, C., Tan, Q., Li, F., Zhao, X., & Wang, J. (2019). Co-application of molybdenum and zinc increases grain yield and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat leaves. Plant, Soil and Environment, 65, 508–515. https://doi.org/10.17221/508/2019-PSE
Liu, L., Xiao, W., Li, L., & Fu, X. (2017). Effect of exogenously applied molybdenum on its absorption and nitrate metabolism in strawberry seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115, 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.015
Liu, X., Hu, B., & Chu, C. (2022). Nitrogen assimilation in plants: current status and future prospects. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 49, 394–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.006
Ma, X., Wang, W., Bittner, F., Zhao, J., & Chen, Y. (2016). Dual and opposing roles of xanthine dehydrogenase in defense-associated reactive oxygen species metabolism in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 28, 1108–1126. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00880
Mejías, J. H., Salazar, F., Pérez-Amaro, L., Hube, S., Rodríguez, M., & Alfaro, M. (2021). Nanofertilizers: A cutting-edge approach to increase nitrogen use efficiency in grasslands. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, 635114. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.635114
Mendel, R. R. (2009). Cell biology of molybdenum. BioFactors, 35, 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.55
Liu, C., Hu, C., Tan, Q., Li, F., Zhao, X., & Wang, J. (2019). Co-application of molybdenum and zinc increases grain yield and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat leaves. Plant Soil Environ, 65, 508–515.
Liu, L., Xiao, W., Li, L., & Fu, X. (2017). Effect of exogenously applied molybdenum on its absorption and nitrate metabolism in strawberry seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 115, 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.015
Liu, X., Hu, B., & Chu, C. (2022). Nitrogen assimilation in plants: Current status and future prospects. J. Genet. Genomics, 49, 394–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.006
Ma, X.; Wang, W.; Bittner, F.; Schmidt, N.; Berkey, R.; Zhang, L.; King, H.; Zhang, Y.; Feng, J.; Wen, Y.; Tan, L.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Deng, Z.; Xiong, X.; Xiao, S. (2016). Dual and opposing roles of xanthine dehydrogenase in defense-associated reactive oxygen species metabolism in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 28, 1108–1126. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.008800.
Manuel, T. J., Alejandro, C. A., Angel, L., Galvan, A., & Fernandez, E. (2018). Roles of molybdenum in plants and improvement of its acquisition and use efficiency. In Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular and Genomic Perspectives in Crop Plants (pp. 137–159). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812104-7.00009-5
Mejías, J. H., Salazar, F., Pérez-Amaro, L., Hube, S., Rodríguez, M., & Alfaro, M. (2021). Nanofertilizers: A cutting-edge approach to increase nitrogen use efficiency in grasslands. Front. Environ. Sci., 9, 635114. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.635114
Mendel, R. R. (2009). Cell biology of molybdenum. BioFactors, 35, 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.55
Mendoza-Suárez, M., Andersen, S. U., Poole, P. S., & Sánchez-Cañizares, C. (2021). Competition, nodule occupancy, and persistence of inoculant strains: Key factors in the rhizobium–legume symbioses. Front. Plant Sci., 12, 690567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.690567
Mikkelsen, R. (2018).Nanofertilizer and nanotechnology: A quick look. Better Crops, 102, 18–19.
Mitra, G. N. (2015).Regulation of nutrient uptake by plants: A biochemical and molecular approach. Regul. Nutr. Uptake Plants, 1–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2334-4
Moussa, M. G., Hu, C., Elyamine, A. M., Rana, M. S., Bhantana, P., Imran, M., & Sun, X. (2021). Molybdenum-induced effects on nitrogen uptake efficiency and recovery in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using ¹⁵N-labeled nitrogen with different N forms and rates. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 184, 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202100040
Moussa, M. G., Sun, X., Ismael, M. A., Rana, M. S., Hussain, S., Bhantana, P., & Hu, C. (2022). Molybdenum-induced effects on grain yield, macro–micro-nutrient uptake, and allocation in Mo-inefficient winter wheat. J. Plant Growth Regul., 41, 1516–1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10397-0
Muhammad, S. R., Parashuram, B., Muhammad, I., Muhammad, H. S., Mohamed, G. M., Zaid, K., Imran, K., Mufid, A., Muhammad, A., Rana, B., Javaria, A., Muhamad, S., Intisar, U. D., Muhammad, Y., Ilyas, A., Md, A. S., Chengxiao, H. (2020).Molybdenum: Vital role in plant metabolism for optimizing the growth and development. Ann. Environ. Sci. Toxicol., 4, 032–044. https://doi.org/10.17352/aest.000024
Nazneen, H., & Sarma, S. (2025).Nanofertilizers and their potential application in agriculture. In Plant and Soil Microbiome, Nanoparticles Synthesis by Soil Microbes (pp. 271–288). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-21692-3.00014-8
Olsen, S. R., & Watanabe, F. S. (1979).Interaction of added gypsum in alkaline soils with uptake of iron, molybdenum, manganese, and zinc by sorghum. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43, 125–130. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300010023x
Patel, A., Maji, S., Meena, K. R., & Malviya, N. K. (2017).Use of boron and molybdenum to improve broccoli production. J. Crop Weed, 13, 20–24.
R. Singh, K. K., P., & Chhetri. (2021). Effect of levels of boron and molybdenum on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 10, 339–345.https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.039
Rana, M. S., Bhantana, P., Sun, X., Imran, M., Shaaban, M., Moussa, M. G., Saleem, M. H., Elyamine, A. M., Binyamin, R., Alam, M., Afzal, J., Khan, I., Ud Din, I., Ahmad, I., Younas, M., Kamran, M., & Hu, C. (2020a).Molybdenum as an essential element for crops: An overview. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res., 24, 18535–18547. https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2020.24.004104
Rana, M. S., Sun, X., Imran, M., Ali, S., Shaaban, M., Moussa, M. G., Khan, Z., Afzal, J., Binyamin, R., Bhantana, P., Alam, M., Ud Din, I., Younas, M., & Hu, C. (2020b). Molybdenum-induced effects on leaf ultra-structure and rhizosphere phosphorus transformation in Triticum aestivum L. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 153, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.010
Ravutla, S. K., Singh, R., Singh, E., & Singh, A. C. (2020). Effect of levels of phosphorus and molybdenum on growth and yield attributes of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 9, 3410–3415. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.405
Ren, K., Xu, M., Li, R., Zheng, L., Liu, S., Reis, S., Wang, H., Lu, C., Zhang, W., Gao, H., Duan, Y., & Gu, B. (2022). Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer use for more grain and less pollution. J. Clean Prod., 360, 132180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132180
Richter, J., & Roelcke, M. (2000). The N-cycle as determined by intensive agriculture: Examples from central Europe and China. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 57, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009802225307
Sabatino, L., D’Anna, F., Iapichino, G., Moncada, A., D’Anna, E., & De Pasquale, C. (2019). Interactive effects of genotype and molybdenum supply on yield and overall fruit quality of tomato. Front. Plant Sci., 9, 1922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01922
Sanz-Luque, E., Chamizo-Ampudia, A., Llamas, A., Galván, A., & Fernández, E. (2015). Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae. Front. Plant Sci., 6, 899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00899
Shah, V. K., Allen, J. R., Spangler, N. J., & Ludden, P. W. (1994). In vitro synthesis of the iron–molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase: Purification and characterization of NifB cofactor, the product of NIFB protein. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 1154–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42235-6
Shukla, A. K., Tiwari, P. K., & Prakash, C. (2014). Micronutrient deficiencies vis-a-vis food and nutritional security of India. Indian J. Fertil., 10, 94–112.
Stewart, W. M., Dibb, D. W., Johnston, A. E., & Smyth, T. J. (2005). The contribution of commercial fertilizer nutrients to food production. Agron. J., 97, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0001
Sun, H., Wang, Y., Peng, Q., & Zhang, J. (2019). Effects of molybdenum enrichment on soil microbial activity and nitrogen cycling. Soil Biol. Biochem., 135, 340–348.
Syaifudin, M., Moussa, M. G., Wang, Y., Rana, M. S., Wei, W., Hu, C., & Sun, X. (2024). Effects of nano-molybdenum fertilizers on Mo-inefficient winter wheat grown in acidic soil.J. Plant Nutr., 47, 762–775. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2023.2280146
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant physiology and development (6th ed.). Sinauer Associate Adhikari, T., & Ramana, S. (2019). Nano fertilizer: its impact on crop growth and soil health. J. Res. PJTSAU, 47, 1–11.
Tran, T. T., Nguyen, H. P., Tran, T. T. H., & Le, T. T. T. (2024). Effect of molybdenum on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Brassica parachinensis L. and Brassica integrifolia L. under drought stress. J. Hortic. Sci., 19, Article 2267. https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2267
van Dijk, M., Morley, T., Rau, M. L., & Saghai, Y. (2021). A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010–2050. Nat. Food, 2, 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9
Wen, X., Hu, C., Sun, X., Zhao, X., Tan, Q., Liu, P., Xin, J., Qin, S., & Wang, P. (2018). Characterization of vegetable nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen transformation in response to continuous molybdenum application. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 181, 516–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201700556
Wen, X., Xu, P., Tang, Y., Zhong, H., Chen, P., Zhu, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., & Du, A. (2024). Effect of copper on nitrogen uptake, transportation, assimilation processes, and related gene expression in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.)) under various nitrate-to-ammonium ratios. Front. Plant Sci., 15, Article 143xxxx. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.XXXXX
Xia, Z., Sun, K., Wang, M., Wu, K., Zhang, H., & Wu, J. (2012). Overexpression of a maize sulfite oxidase gene in tobacco enhances tolerance to sulfite stress via sulfite oxidation and CAT-mediated H₂O₂ scavenging. PLoS One, 7(3), e37383. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037383
Yoshida, N., & Toyoda, S. (2000). Constraining the atmospheric N₂O budget from intramolecular site preference in N₂O isotopomers. Nature, 405, 330–334. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012558
Zakikhani, H., Yusop, M. K., Anuar, A. R., & Soltangheisi, A. (2014). Effects of different levels of molybdenum on uptake of nutrients in rice cultivars. Asian J. Crop Sci., 6, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2014.236.244
)