Assessment of Biomass Resources in Iran and Worldwide: Diversity Analysis in Rural Areas with a Focus on Municipal Solid Waste and Livestock Manure

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 1Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran

2 University of Tehran

3 Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 1417853111, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/poll.2025.393545.2928

Abstract

This research provides an in-depth evaluation of biomass resources both in Iran and globally, emphasizing rural areas and the potential conversion of municipal solid waste and livestock manure into energy. It examines the current landscape of biomass energy production and its role as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. In Iran, considerable biomass is available through agricultural residues, animal waste, and municipal solid waste (MSW), although these resources remain largely underexploited. Conversely, evidence from South-East Asian nations (SEAN) reveals a more advanced utilization of biomass, presenting a clear opportunity for Iran to improve its approach. The study highlights that challenges related to regulation, technology, and market acceptance are key obstacles preventing the broader adoption of biomass energy in Iran. Moreover, recent progress, such as the launch of large-scale biomass facilities, indicates that a concerted shift toward renewable energy could bolster energy security, lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and drive socio-economic development. The results advocate for further research into more efficient biomass conversion technologies and the formulation of tailored, region-specific policies to unlock the full potential of biomass energy in Iran and similar regions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Pollution

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 December 2025

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