Alftessi, S. A., Othman, M. H. D., Adam, M. R. B., Farag, T. M., Tai, Z. S., Raji, Y. O., & Bakar, S. A. (2022). Hydrophobic silica sand ceramic hollow fiber membrane for desalination via direct contact membrane distillation. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 9609-9621.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.03.044
Abdulhussain, R., Adebisi, A., Conway, B.R., & Asare-Addo, K., (2023). Electrospun nanofibers: Exploring process parameters, polymer selection, and recent applications in pharmaceuticals and drug delivery. J. Drug Deliv Sci Technol., 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.105156
Abid, M. Bin, Wahab, R.A., Salam, M.A., Gzara, L., & Moujdin, I.A. (2023). Desalination technologies, membrane distillation, and electrospinning, an overview. Heliyon, 9 (2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12810
Adewole, J. K., Al Maawali, H. M., Jafary, T., Firouzi, A., & Oladipo, H. (2022). A review of seawater desalination with membrane distillation: material development and energy requirements. Water Supply, 22(12), 8500-8526. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.337
Albiladi, A., Gzara, L., Organji, H., Alkayal, N.S., & Figoli, A. (2023). Electrospun Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Nanofiber Membranes for Brine Treatment via Membrane Distillation. Polymers (Basel)., 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15122706
Al-Harby, N.F., El Batouti, M., Elewa, M.M. (2023). A Comparative Analysis of Pervaporation and Membrane Distillation Techniques for Desalination Utilising the Sweeping Air Methodology with Novel and Economical Pervaporation Membranes. Polymers (Basel)., 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214237
Ali, U., Karim, K. J. B. A., & Buang, N. A. (2015). A review of the properties and applications of poly (methyl methacrylate)(PMMA). Polymer Reviews., 55(4), 678-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1031377
Alkarbouly, S.M., & Waisi, B.I. (2022). Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibers Membrane for Emulsified Oil Removal from Oily Wastewater. Baghdad Science Journal., 19, 1238–1248. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6421
Al-Sairfi, H., Koshuriyan, M.Z.A., Ahmed, M. (2023). Performance feasibility study of direct contact membrane distillation systems in the treatment of seawater and oilfield-produced brine: the effect of hot- and cold-channel depth. Desalination Water Treat., 313, 26–36. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29942
Chakka, A.K., Muhammed, A., Sakhare, P.Z., & Bhaskar, N. (2017). Poultry Processing Waste as an Alternative Source for Mammalian Gelatin: Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Chicken Feet Using Food Grade Acids. Waste Biomass Valorization., 8, 2583–2593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9756-1
Chigome, S., Darko, G., & Torto, N. (2011). Electrospun nanofibers as sorbent material for solid phase extraction. Analyst., 136(14), 2879-2889. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1an15228a
Coates, J. (2000). Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach, in: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a5606
Criscuoli, A. (2021). Membrane distillation process. Membranes (Basel)., 11(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020144
Defor, C., Chou, & S.F. (2024). Electrospun polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers in membrane distillation applications. AIMS Mater Sci., 11, 1179–1198. https://doi.org/10.3934/MATERSCI.2024058
Fang, J., Zhang, L., Sutton, D., Wang, X., & Lin, T. (2012). Needleless melt‐electrospinning of polypropylene nanofibres. Journal of nanomaterials, 2012(1), 382639. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/382639
Feng, C., Khulbe, K.C., Matsuura, T., Gopal, R., Kaur, S., Ramakrishna, S., & Khayet, M. (2008). Production of drinking water from saline water by air-gap membrane distillation using polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane. J. Memb Sci., 311, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.026
Fernandes, I.S., Domingos, M.G., Costa, M.F., Santos, R.J., & Lopes, J.C.B. (2025). Hydrate-based desalination process using CO2 as hydrate forming agent–Modelling and techno-economic analysis. Desalination., 599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.118426
Hardikar, M., Felix, V., Presson, L.K., Rabe, A.B., Ikner, L.A., &Achilli, A. (2023). Pore Flow and Solute Rejection in Pilot-Scale Air-Gap Membrane Distillation. J. Memb Sci., 676, 121544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121544
Huang, Z.M., Zhang, Y.Z., Kotaki, M., Ramakrishna, S. (2003). A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos. Sci Technol., 63, 2223–2253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00178-7
Islam, M. S., Ang, B. C., Andriyana, A., & Afifi, A. M. (2019). A review on fabrication of nanofibers via electrospinning and their applications. SN Applied Sciences, 1(10), 1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1288-4
Kariman, H., Mohammed, H. A., Zargar, M., & Khiadani, M. (2025). Performance comparison of flat sheet and hollow fibre air gap membrane distillation: A mathematical and simulation modelling approach. Journal of Membrane Science, 721, 123836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2025.123836
Kebria, M. R. S., Rahimpour, A., Salestan, S. K., Seyedpour, S. F., Jafari, A., Banisheykholeslami, F., & Kiadeh, N. T. H. (2020). Hyper-branched dendritic structure modified PVDF electrospun membranes for air gap membrane distillation. Desalination, 479, 114307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.114307
Liao, S. W., Lin, C. I., & Wang, L. H. (2011). Kinetic study on lead (II) ion removal by adsorption onto peanut hull ash. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(1), 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.04.009
Liu, S., Jun, S. C., Zhang, S., Wang, F., Yu, J., & Ding, B. (2024). Advancements in electrospun nanofibrous membranes for improved waterproofing and breathability. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 309(9), 2300312. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202300312
Matheswaran, M., Kwon, T. O., Kim, J. W., & Moon, I. S. (2007). Factors affecting flux and water separation performance in air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry-Seoul-, 13(6), 965.
Navarro-Tovar, R., Qiu, B., Martin, P., Gorgojo, P., & Perez-Page, M. (2025). Advanced desalination performance using PVDF electrospun nanofiber membranes across multiple membrane distillation configuration. Desalination, 598, 118425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.118425
Nayeri, D., & Mousavi, S. A. (2024). A critical review on the effect of silanization on the ceramic membrane distillation (CMD): performance, operational factors, and characterization. Applied Water Science, 14(6), 114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-024-02178-3
Onsekizoglu, P. (2012). Membrane Distillation: Principle, Advances, Limitations and Future Prospects in Food Industry, (p. 282). IntechOpen.
Ren, J., Wang, X., Zhao, L., Li, M., & Yang, W. (2021). Effective removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by a gelatin hydrogel. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(11), 3497-3508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02136-z
Safi, N.N., Ibrahim, S.S., Zouli, N., Majdi, H.S., Alsalhy, Q.F., Drioli, E., Figoli, A. (2020). A systematic framework for optimizing a sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD). Membranes (Basel), 10, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100254
Safi, N.N., & Waisi, B.I. (2023). Preparation of electrospun double-layer PVDF:PMMA membrane non-woven nanofibers for desalination by membrane distillation process. Desalination Water Treatment, 314, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.30063
Shahu, V. T., & Thombre, S. B. (2019). Air gap membrane distillation: A review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5063766
Shahzad, M.W., Burhan, M., Ybyraiymkul, D., & Ng, K.C. (2019). Desalination processes’ efficiency and future roadmap. Entropy, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010084
Soumbati, Y., Bouatou, I., Abushaban, A., Belmabkhout, Y., & Necibi, M. C. (2025). Review of membrane distillation for desalination applications: Advanced modeling, specific energy consumption, and water production cost. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 71, 107296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107296
Subbiah, T., Bhat, G. S., Tock, R. W., Parameswaran, S., & Ramkumar, S. S. (2005). Electrospinning of nanofibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96(2), 557-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21481
Woo, Y. C., Tijing, L. D., Shim, W. G., Choi, J. S., Kim, S. H., He, T., Drioli, E., & Shon, H. K. (2016). Water desalination using graphene-enhanced electrospun nanofiber membrane via air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 520, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.049
Xie, Y., Yu, L., & Yu, Y. (2024). Improved desalination performance of fluorinated graphene oxide blended PVDF electrospun nanofiber membrane for air gap membrane distillation. Desalination Water Treatment, 317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100184
Zhang, M., Ahmed, A., & Xu, L. (2023). Electrospun nanofibers for functional food packaging application. Materials, 16(17), 5937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175937
Zhang, Z., Wu, X., Kou, Z., Song, N., Nie, G., Wang, C., Verpoort, F. & Mu, S. (2022). Rational design of electrospun nanofiber-typed electrocatalysts for water splitting: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 428, 131133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131133
Zhang, Z., Wu, X., Kou, Z., Song, N., & Nie, G. (2022) Rational design of electrospun nanofiber-typed electrocatalysts for water splitting: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 428, p.131133.