Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1
School of International Trade & Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China.
2
Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
3
International University of Tourism and Entrepreneurship of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
4
Academic Research and Development Wing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., United Arab Emirates
5
Institute of International Economics and Collaborative Innovation Center for China Economy. Nankai University Tianjin 300071, China
10.22059/poll.2025.397757.3006
Abstract
As global economic and human activities, as well as energy consumption, which have increased by 44 percent between 1971 and 2014, continue to rise, the concentration of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) will continue to exacerbate global warming and environmental degradation. CO2 emissions (CO2E) are leading source of global warming, contributing about 80% of all GHG. Rising sea levels are a consequence of increased CO2E. Despite the fact that OECD countries have achieved notable success, particularly in sustainable development, through regulations and other initiatives for more than six decades, they continue to face significant environmental challenges. In addition, the economies of the OECD and a number of developing nations are still responsible for three-quarters of total emissions. This study analyses the influence of economic fitness (EF), energy efficiency (EE), economic growth (EG), and international trade (INT) on CO2E. This study employs CS-ARDL, two-way fixed-effect estimation techniques, and second-generation methods of cointegration and granger causality for analysis. The results indicate that EF, EE, and INT are important factors in curbing CO2E, whereas the EG is responsible for rising CO2E in the short-run and the long-run. These findings imply that improving economic fitness and energy efficiency maybe a crucial component of CO2E mitigation.
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