Development of an Environmentally Sound Technology for Producing Complex Organomineral Fertilizer for Agriculture

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Ecology, Sout Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

2 Department of Technology of Inorganic and Petrochemical Production, Sout Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

10.22059/poll.2026.403490.3142

Abstract

The study aims to develop a method for producing complex organomineral fertilizer that reduces energy consumption, improves fertilizer quality, and enhances environmental safety. The study utilized lignite and weathered coal, as well as phosphorites from four deposits—Kara-Zhyra, Lenger, Maikove, and Shubarkol (Kazakhstan)—collected in 2024 (24 samples). The samples’ pH, moisture content, and water-holding capacity were measured. A statistically significant difference in humic acid content was observed between the Kara-Zhyra and Maikove deposits (p < 0.05). A correlation was identified between potassium carbonate concentration and the conversion degree of humic acids to humates (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.75, p = 0.03). An increase in phosphorus bioavailability was recorded with a higher proportion of potassium carbonate (p = 0.02, correlation coefficient: 0.78). The impact of urea (p = 0.04) and vermiculite (p = 0.03) on the conversion of humic acids was established. Additionally, urea (p = 0.05) and vermiculite (p = 0.03) influenced phosphorus bioavailability, with an increase in P₂O₅ availability by 4–5% following dosage optimization. Fertilizers containing coal and vermiculite exhibited a “high impact” on soil, while phosphorite and potassium carbonate demonstrated a “moderate” impact. A relationship was identified between heavy metal content and soil toxicity, as well as the influence of fertilizer type on soil pH. The findings facilitate the optimization of the composition and production technology of organomineral fertilizer to maximize nutrient bioavailability, improve fertilizer characteristics, and minimize environmental impact. The developed fertilizer is recommended for agricultural applications.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Akimbekov, N. S., Digel, I., Tastambek, K. T., Sherelkhan, D. K., Jussupova, D. B., & Altynbay, N. P. (2021). Low-rank coal as a source of humic substances for soil amendment and fertility management. Agriculture., 11(12), 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121261
Arynov, K., Zhubatov, Z., Saruarova, G., Nurtaza, N., & Berikova, U. (2021). The use of organic farming with the introduction of organic and humic fertilisers. Period. Eng. Nat. Sci., 9(4), 305–322.
Bondarev, A. V., Zhilyakova, E. T., Avtina, N. V., Demina, N. B., & Razmakhnin, K. K. (2024). Ultrasonic Activation of Mineral Sorbents. Drug Dev. Registr., 13(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1630
Bouhia, Y., Hafidi, M., Ouhdouch, Y., Zeroual, Y., & Lyamlouli, K. (2023). Organo-mineral fertilization based on olive waste sludge compost and various phosphate sources improves phosphorus agronomic efficiency, Zea mays agro-physiological traits, and water availability. Agronomy., 13(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010249
Chojnacka, K. (2023). Valorization of biorefinery residues for sustainable fertilizer production: A comprehensive review. Biomass. Convers. Biorefinery., 13(16), 14359–14388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04639-2
de Paula Pereira, A. S. A., Magalhães, I. B., Ferreira, J., de Siqueira Castro, J., & Calijuri, M. L. (2023). Microalgae organomineral fertilizer production: A life cycle approach. Algal. Res., 71, 103035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103035
de Sousa, R. N., & Alleoni, L. R. F. (2024). Performance of struvite and organomineral fertilizers compared to traditional source of phosphorus in maize cultivation on tropical soils. J. Soil. Sci. Plant. Nutr., 24(3), 5250–5271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01906-7
Fachini, J., de Figueiredo, C. C., Frazão, J. J., Rosa, S. D., da Silva, J., & do Vale, A. T. (2021). Novel K-enriched organomineral fertilizer from sewage sludge-biochar: Chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization. Waste Manag., 135, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.027
Issayeva, A., Alikhan, A., Tlegenova, K., Alpamyssova, G., Issayev, Y., & Tleukeyeva, A. (2024). Study of the possibility of biorecultivation of soils contaminated with brown coal waste. J. Ecological. Engineering., 25(4), 314–322. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/185294
Kumar, P., Basak, B. B., Patel, V. J., Senapati, N., Ramani, V. P., Gajbhiye, N. A., & Kalola, A. D. (2024). Enriched soil amendments influenced soil fertility, herbage yield and bioactive principle of medicinal plant (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) grown in two different soils. Heliyon., 10(3), e24874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24874
Lukashou, R. I., Gurina, N. S., & Povydysh, M. N. (2025). Effect of dandelion roots heat pre-treatment on the hydroxycinnamic acids extraction. Herbarium., 2(4), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.33380/3034-3925-2025-2-4-46  
Olivo, E. F., Acordi, J., Faraco, M. N. S., Simão, L., Ribeiro, M. J., Fernandes, É. M. R., Zocche, J. J., & & Raupp-Pereira, F. (2025). Systematic selection of waste from run-of-mine coal processing as sustainable raw materials for organo-mineral fertilizer production. Sustainability., 17(4), 1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041350
Omarov, B., Zhantassov, K., Zhantassov, M., Kirgizbayeva, K., & Altybayev, Z. (2025). Methods for obtaining humate-containing fertilizers from brown coal. Int. J. Coal. Prep. Util., 45(1), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2024.2330409
Ospanov, A., Muslimov, N., Timurbekova, A., Nurdan, D., & Zhalelov, D. (2022). Mixing of flour mixture components in the production of pasta from nontraditional raw materials. Potravinarstvo Slovak J. Food Sc., 16, 375–387. https://doi.org/10.5219/1749
Pajura, R., Masłoń, A., & Czarnota, J. (2023). The use of waste to produce liquid fertilizers in terms of sustainable development and energy consumption in the fertilizer industry—a case study from Poland. Energies., 16(4), 1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041747
Primkulov, B. S., & Mamataliev, A. A. (2023). Obtaining organomineral fertilizers based on industrial acidifying wastewater and guliob phosphorite. Web. Discov. J. Anal. Inventions., 1(9), 39–43.
Schnug, E., Sun, Y., Zhang, L., Windmann, H., Lottermoser, B. G., Ulrich, A. E., Bol, R., Maekawa, M., & Haneklaus, S. H. (2023). Elemental loads with phosphate fertilizers: A constraint for soil productivity? (In N. Bolan, & M. B. Kirkham (Eds.), Soil constraints and productivity (pp. 157–177). Boca Raton: CRC Press).
Symanowicz, B., & Toczko, R. (2023). Brown coal waste in agriculture and environmental protection: A review. Sustainability., 15(18), 13371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813371
Uktam, T., & Toxirova, N. (2023). Organomineral fertilizers based phosphorite flour of Central Kyzylkum. J. Pharm. Negative Results. 14(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.02.001
Vakal, S., Vakal, V., Artyukhov, A., Shkola, V., & Yanovska, A. (2023). Granulated organo-mineral fertilizers: the process of formation and investigation of porous phosphate-diatomite shell. Appl. Nanosci., 13(7), 5157–5164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02718-w
Vishnyakov, E. V., Tolstikova, A. A., Generalova, J. E., Kaldybaeva, A. K., & Terninko, I. I. (2024). Optimization of the Method for Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Aluminum Impurities in Substances. Drug Dev. Registr., 13(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-1530
Voqqosov, Z., Ikramova, M., & Olimjanova, M. (2024). Production of organomineral fertilizers based on local raw materials and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. (In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 486, Article 05009). Les Ulis: EDP Sciences). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448605009