Spatio-temporal Variation and Driving Factors of PM2.5-O3 Compound Pollution in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2023

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China

10.22059/poll.2026.410244.3273

Abstract

In order to explore the characteristics and driving factors of PM2.5 and O3 compound pollution in 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, multidimensional statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and HYSPLIT model were used to analyze the cities in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2023. The results show that: From the spatial and temporal distribution, the cumulative occurrence of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution in cities of Anhui Province from 2015 to 2023 was 8-361 days, mainly concentrated in April-October, and the number of days of compound pollution in winter was the least. In Huaibei, Huainan, Suzhou, Bengbu, Chuzhou, Bozhou appear more frequently, Huangshan, Tongling, Xuancheng, Chizhou, Wuhu appear less frequently; The days of compound pollution were significantly positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, which are two key control parameters affecting the days of compound pollution; HYSPLIT model shows that the regional transmission in cities near Hefei also has an important impact on PM2.5-O3 compound pollution, mainly from the northeast. From 2015 to 2023 the fluctuation of PM2.5 concentration in Anhui province decreased and O3 concentration increased, and the synergistic relationship between the two became increasingly obvious, the meteorological data had a certain impact on the days of compound pollution.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Bian, J. T., Huang, L., Li, H. L., Li, R., Jiang, S., Liao, Q., Wang, Y. J., & Li, L. (2023). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Multiple Emission Reduction Pathways during a Concurrent PM2.5 and Ozone Pollution in Shanghai. Res. Environ. Sci., 36(2), 314-324.
Chen, B. H., Ye, X., Tang, W. Q., Wu, L. B., & Qian, H. Q. (2025). Assessment of Health Benefits of Coordinated Control of PM2.5 and O3 Pollution: A Case Study of China’s Four Municipalities. Res. Environ. Sci., 38(3), 510-523.
Chen, N., Chen, L., Wang, L. I., Zhu, B., Cao, W. X., Xu, K., Ding, Q. Q., Lan, B., Zhang, Z. X., Wei, L., Shi, A. L., & Wang, K. (2022). Characteristic and Trend Analysis of PM2.5 and Ozone in Air Compound Pollution in Hubei Province During 2015-2020. Res. Environ. Sci., 35(3), 659-672.
Chen, F. J., Wang, T. J., & Qiu, K. J. (2018). Seasonal variations in haze and its dominant meteorological factors in Anhui Province. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 48(7), 567-579.
Chen, W., Xu, X. Z., & Liu, W. Q. (2024). Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3 in the border area of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan from 2017 to 2021. Environ. Sci., 45(4), 1950–1962.
Ding, L. J., Chen, X., Yang, J. L., Chen, X. Y., Yang, H. C., Yang, L. N., & Lai, W. S. (2024). Characteristics of PM2.5-O3 compound pollution and weather type in Chaozhou city. J. Trop. Meteorol., 40(4), 599-606.
Feng, Z. Z., Li, P., Yuan, X. Y., Gao, F., Jiang, L. J., & Dai, L. L. (2018). Progress in ecological and environmental effects of ground-level O3 in China. Acta Ecologica Sin., 38(5), 1530-1541.
Guo, Y. F., Zhang, S. M., Chen, T., Peng, X. Y., Wang, K., & Wu, L. C. (2026). Analysis of composite pollution characteristics of O3 and secondary PM2.5 in Jiangsu Province. Research of Environ. Sci. 39(3), 579–589.
Han, L. H., Lan, T., Cheng, S. Y., Wang, Y. A., Qi, C. N., Tian, J., Wang, H. Y., Han, D. Y., & Wang, S. A. (2024). Evolution Characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 and Their Synergistic Effects on Atmospheric Compound Pollution in Tangshan. Environ. Sci., 45(8), 4385-4397.
Hao, Y. P., Song, X. W., Zhu, X. D., Wang, J. W., Cheng, P., & Bi, X. (2024). Health Effects and Scenario Prediction of PM2.5 and O3 Pollution in Fenwei Plain. Res. Environ. Sci., 37(4), 696-707.
Hou, J., Li, K., & Zhang, D. Y. T. (2023). Analysis of PM2.5-Ozone Co-Pollution in Winter in North China from 2015 to 2022. Res. Environ. Sci., 36(6), 1061-1071.
Huang, Z. J., Duan, W. J., Qi, H. Y., & Hou, X. S. (2024). The spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the health-based regional cooperative control strategy. China Environ. Sci., 44(11), 5971-5979.
Huang, W. Y., Sun, Y., & Lu, C. H. (2020). Statistical Analysis of Jiang－huai Cyclone and Its Influence in Spring. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences, 43(1), 43-51.
Jing, Q., Sheng, L. F., Zhang, W. H., & An, X. D. (2023). Characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 Pollution and Related Meteorological Impacts in ‘2+26’ Cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2018 to 2021. Res. Environ. Sci., 36(5), 875-886.
Li, C., Wang, J. Y., & Zhao, H. (2024). Atmospheric compound pollution Trends and Population Health Impacts in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Pearl River Delta Region. Res. Environ. Sci., 37(6), 1378-1388.
Li, H., Xiao, T., Nie, X., Yang, Y. H., Gao, W. Y., & Long, W. Q. (2024). Analysis of PM2.5 Pollution Transport Pathway and Potential Source Contribution in Autumn and Winter in Chen Zhou. Environ. Monit. Manag. Technol., 36(1), 30-36.
Liu, X. Y., Yan, J., Niu, J. Q., Chen, F. Y., & Yan, J. H. (2024). Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Co-pollution of PM2.5-O3 in Henan Province from 2015 to 2021. J. Xinyang Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 37(3), 281-285.
Liu, M. H., Yu, C. T., Fang, X. Y., Quan, S., Huang, Y. H., Wang, M. J., & Han, Y. (2023). Analysis of PM2.5-O3 Compound Pollution Characteristics and Meteorological Causes in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020. Res. Environ. Sci., 36(2), 285-293.
Liu, Y. Y., Hou, J. W., Kang, P., Xiu, M., Jian, J. L., Chen, J., & Wu, Q. F. (2024). Characteristics and interaction of PM2.5 and O3 complex pollution in Sichuan Basin. Acta Sci. Circum., 44(9), 42-53.
Lu, X., Zhang, S. J., Xing, J., Wang, Y. J., Chen, W. H., Wu, Y., Wang, S. X., Duan, L., & Hao, J. M. (2020). Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era. Eng. J., 6(12), 1423-1431.
Lu, X. B., Yu, Y. Y., Fu, Y., Zhang, Y. Y., Mu, Y. F., & Chen, Z. (2014). Characterization and Identification Method of Ambient Air Quality Influenced by Straw Burning. Environ. Monit. Manag. Technol., 26(4), 17-21.
Luo, Y. H., Zhao, T. L., Meng, K., Wang, H., Gong, K. J., Xin, Y. H., & Lu, S. (2021). Comparative analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 and O3 in plain and mountainous cities in North China. China Environ. Sci., 41(9), 3981-3989.
Lv, P. A., Zhou, Q. Y., Xian, J. C., & Han, X. (2023). Temporal and spatial characteristics of seasonal drought and its response to atmospheric circulation in Anhui Province. Water Resour. Hydropower Eng., 54(12), 93-105.
Ning, Q., He, M., Ji, Y. Y., Yin, H., Li, J. D., Shang, F. Y., Zhang, K., Yang, Y. J., Li, H., Gao, R., & Zhuang, S. Y. (2024). Characteristics and Formation of Complex Air Pollution and Sources of VOCs in the Yellow River Delta Region. Res. Environ. Sci., 37(3), 439-454.
Song, X. H., Yan, L., Liu, W., He, J. Y., Wang, Y. C., Huang, T. L., Li, Y. Y., Chen, M., Meng, J. J., & Hou, Z. F. (2023). Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Co-pollution of PM2.5 and Ozone over BTH with Surrounding Area from 2015 to 2021. Environ. Sci., 44(4), 1841-1851.
Sun, F., Yao, H., Liu, B. X., Wang, S., Li, Q., Guo, Y. X., Zhang, L., & Pan, J. X. (2021). Characteristics of PM2.5 Heavy Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Surrounding Areas from 2013 to 2019. China Environ. Sci., 37(4), 46-53.
Sun, Y. K., Xu, L., Yang, T., Zhang, P., & Cui, Y. B. (2023). Association characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Res. Environ. Sci., 36(8), 1467-1476.
Sun, M., Qiao, X. Q., Wang, Y. F., Cui, J. N., & Zhang, J. B. (2025). Research Progress on PAN Pollution and Its Relationship with O3 and PM2.5. Res. Environ. Sci., 38(3), 447-459.
Tai, A. P. K., Sadiq, M., Pang, J. Y. S., Yung, D. H. Y., & Feng, Z. (2021). Impacts of Surface Ozone Pollution on Global Crop Yields: Comparing Different Ozone Exposure Metrics and Incorporating Co-effects of CO2. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 5, 534616.
Wang, Y. S., Yao, L., Wang, L. L., Liu, Z. Y., Ji, D. S., Tang, G. Q., Zhang, J. K., Sun, Y., Hu, B., & Xin, J. Y. (2014). Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China. Sci. China Earth Sci., 44(1), 15-26.
Wang, M., Zheng, Y. F., Liu, Y. J., Li, Q. P., & Ding, Y. H. (2019). Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei ozone change characteristics and the relationship with meteorological elements. China Environ. Sci., 39(7), 2689-2698.
Wang, H. J., Zhan, G. B., Hu, H., & Zhang, Y. J. (2018). Evolution characteristics and spatial-temporal pattern of air pollutants in Anhui Province. Res. Environ. Sci., 31(4), 628-640.
Wang, Y. Q., Zhang, X. Y., & Draxler, R. R. (2009). TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data. Environ. Model. Softw., 24(8), 938-939.
Wang, J. J., Xia, X. S., & Chen, X. F. (2020). Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of PM2.5 concentration in Hefei City. Resour. Environ. Yangtze Basin, 29(6), 1413-1421.
Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Shi, C. E., Chen, Y. J., Sun, X. Y., Hou, C., Chen, X. T., Zhang, K. D., Yang, G. Y., Zhai, J., Chen, Y., & Fang, L. (2026). Drivers of the intensification of ozone pollution in Anhui Province and implications for prevention and control. China Environ. Sci., 1-14. DOI:10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.20260224.002.
Wang, Y. H., Zhang, Y., & Lei, Y. (2023). Optimization of precursor emission reduction pathways to reduce O3 exposure risk in the Yangtze River Delta region. Research of Environ. Sci., 36(6), 1072–1082.
Wu, J. S., Wang, Y., Liang, J. T., & Yao, F. (2021). Exploring common factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the Pearl River Delta: tradeoffs and synergies. Environ. Pollut., 285, 117138.
Wu, K., Wang, X. Z., Zhang, D. D., Zhu, H. L., Yan, Y. X., Li, F.X., Wu, Z. H., Zheng, Z. W., & Gao, Q. K. (2024). Evolution Characteristics and Typical Pollution Episodes of PM2.5 and O3 Complex Pollution in Bozhou City from 2017 to 2022. Envir. Sci., 45(10), 5715-5728.
Ye, T. T., Guo, S. Y., Xie, Y., Chen, Z. Y., & Abramson, M. J. (2021). Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 222, 112481.
Yin, P., Qi, J. L., Liu, Y. N., Liu, J. M., Li, J., Zeng, X. X., Wang, L. J., & Zhou, M. G. (2019). Burden of Disease in the Chinese Population from 2005 to 2017. Chin. Circ. J., 34(12), 1145-1154.
Yu, H., Wei, N. N., Xu, X. Z., Liu, Q. Q., Yao, Y. C., Zhao, W. X., & Zhang, W. J. (2023). Characteristics of O₃ formation in the western suburb of Hefei in summer based on observation of total peroxy radicals. Environ. Sci., 44(4), 1974–1984.
Zhang, Y. J., Lei, R. Y., Cui, S. J., Wang, L. H., Chen, M. D., & Gai, X. L. (2022). Spatiotemporal trends and impact factors of PM2.5 and O3 pollution in major cities in China during 2015–2020 (in Chinese). Chin Sci Bull., 67(18), 2029–2042.
Zhao, H., Chen, K. Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y. X., Tian, S., & Zhang, H. L. (2021). Coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 is urgently needed in China after implementation of the ‘air pollution prevention and control action plan’. Chemosphere, 270, 129441.
Zhong, F. Q., Su, Q. H., Zhou, R. J., Yi, M. J., Wu, Q. Z., & Yan, Y. (2017). Impact of crop straw burning on urban air quality based on WRF-Chem simulations (in Chinese). Clim. Environ. Res., 22(2), 149–161.
Zhu, W. Y., Hu, X. J., Wang, S. B., Zhang, H., Hong, X. Y., Wei, Y. W., & Qin, Z. Y. (2025). Characteristics of ozone pollution and causes of a typical pollution process in Ma’anshan City. Journal of Anqing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 31(3), 92-98. 
Pollution
Volume 12, Issue 2
May 2026
Pages 626-639

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics