Determination of nitrate utilization efficiency of selective strain of Bacillus sp. isolated from Eutrophic Lake, Theerthamkara, Kasaragod, Kerala

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Environmental Science, School of Energy, Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Kerala, India

2 Division of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, TN, India

Abstract

Nitrate pollutants increase the growth of algal bloom, resulting in fresh water eutrophication. The high nitrogen level in wastewater has become a growing concern, which has risen the necessity to develop efficient nitrogen removal techniques. Biological denitrification, which is the reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds like nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen compounds, is the most important and widely used method to treat nitrate wastes as it enables the transformation of nitrogen compounds into harmless nitrogen gas. As such, this study collected samples from Eutrophic Lake, picking isolates of bacterial strain with good growth rates in the nitrate medium. The selected bacterial strains were cultured on media 1and 2 and by means of UV-visible spectrophotometer, the nitrate removal efficiency and growth were detected at 410 nm and 600 nm OD respectively. After comparing three bacterial strains, it was found that RN1 had a higher efficiency in nitrate removal at 1000ppm nitrate concentration. At an optimum temperature of 37°C, pH of 7, and agitation of 121 rpm, after 432 hrs of the treatment, RN1 showed an optimum growth, equal to 0.1859 OD in 1000ppm nitrate solution with dextrose. Also the spectral analysis of RN1 strain showed 85% removal efficiency, thus making this strain the best one. Confirmed and identified as Bacillus species, it can be recommended for the bioremoval process of nitrate from wastewater.

Keywords

References

Abe, K., Imamaki, A. and Hirano, M. (2002). Removal of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate ions from water by the aerial microalga Trentepohlia aurea. J. Appl. Phycol., 14, 129–134.
APHA (1998). American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Archna, Sharma, S. K. and Sobti, R.C. (2012). Nitrate Removal from Ground Water: A Review. E- J. Chem., 9, 1667–1675.
Bae, B.U., Jung, Y.H., Han, W.W. and Shin, H.S. (2002). Improved brine recycling during nitrate removal using ion exchange. Water Res., 36, 3330-3340.
Barber, W.P. and Stuckey, D.C. (2000). Nitrogen removal in a modified anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR): 1, Denitrification. Water Res., 34, 2413–2422.
Bogardi, I. and Kuzelka, R.D. (1991). Nitrate Contamination: Exposure consequence and control. Springer, Berlin.
Bougard, D., Bernet, N., Chèneby, D. and Delgenès, J.P. (2006). Nitrification of a High-Strength Wastewater in an Inverse Turbulent Bed Reactor: Effect of temperature on nitrite accumulation. Process Biochem., 41(1), 106-113.
Cengeloglu, Y., Tor, A., Ersoz, M. and Arslan, G. (2006). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by using red mud. Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 374– 378.
Chatterjee, S. and Woo, S.H. (2009). The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads. J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1012-1018.
Chatterjee S., Lee, D.S., Lee, M.W. and Woo, S.H. (2009). Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan beads conditioned with sodium bisulfate. J. Hazard. Mater. 166(1), 508-513.
Chiban, M., Soudani, A. and Sinan F. (2012). Removal of nitrate ions by using low-cost adsorbents: Equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic study. Nova Science Publishers. 31-48.
Elmidaoui, A., Elhannouni, F., Sahli, M.A.M., Chay, L., Elabbassi, H., Hafsi, M. and Largeteau, D. (2001). Desalination 136, 325.
Focht, D.D and Chang, A.C. (1975). Nitrification and denitrification process related to waste water treatment. Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 19, 153-186.
Forman, D. (1991). Nitrate exposure and human cancer. In: Bogardi, I., Kuzelka, R. (Eds.), Nitrate Contamination, RD NATO ASI Series,vol. G 30. Springer-Verlag.
Glass, C. and Silverstein, J. (1999). Denitrification of high nitrate, high salinity wastewater. Water Resour., 33, 223-229.
Glass, C. and Silverstein, J. (1998). Denitrification kinetics of high nitrate concentration water: pH effect on inhibition and nitrite accumulation. Water Resour., 32, 831-839.
Health Canada. Canadian Perinatal Health Report (2003). Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada.
Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. and Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Systematic Bacteriology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, A Wolters Kluwer Company, Philadelphia.
Hu, H.Y., Goto, N.H. and Fujie, K. (2001). Effect of pH on the reduction of nitrite by metallic iron. Water Res., 35, 2789–2793.
Jorgensen, S.E. (2001). Water quality: The impact of eutrophication. UN Environment Programme.
Lin, S.H. and Wu, C.L. (1996). Removal of nitrogenous compounds from aqueous solution by ozonation and ion exchange. Water Res., 30, 1851-1857.
Mikuska, P., and Vecera, Z. (2003). Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water by Chemiluminescent Flow-injection Analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta., 495(1-2), 225-232.
Nair, R.R., Dhamole, P.B., Lele, S.S. and D’Souza, S.F. (2007). Biological denitrification of high strength nitrate waste using pre adapted denitrifying sludge. Chemosphere. 67, 1612-1617.
Ozturk, N. and Bektas, T.E. (2004). Nitrate removal from aqueous solution by adsorption onto various materials. J. Hazard. Mater, 112, 155-162.
Peavy, H.S., Rowe, D.R. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1985). Environmental Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 696.
Pontius, F.W. (1993). Nitrate and Cancer: Is there A Link?. Journal AWWA., 85(4), 12-14.
Schipper, L.A., Barkle, G.F. and Vojvodic-Vukovic, M. (2005). Maximum rates of nitrate removal in a denitrification wall. J. Environ. Qual., 34, 1270–1276.
Seidel, C., Gorman, C. and Werner, K. (2008). Nitrate reduction by sulphur modified iron: pilot study results. Presentation at the American Water Works Association Inorganic Contaminants Workshop. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Shoun, H. and Tanimoto, T. (1991). Denitrification by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the respiratory nitrite reduction. J. Biol.Chem., 25, 1527-1536.
Shrimali, M. and Singh, K.P. (2001). New methods of nitrate removal from water. Environ. Pollut., 112, 351-359.
Timmermans, P. and Van Haute, A. (1983). Denitrification with methanol. Water Resour., 17, 1249-1255.
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (1987). Nitrate/Nitrite: Health Advisory. Washington, DC: Office of Drinking Water.
Viessman, Jr W. and  Hammer, M.J. (2005). Water supply and pollution control, seventh ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Wang, J.H., Baltzis, B.C. and Lewandowski, G.A. (1995). Fundamental denitrification kinetic studies with Pseudomonas denitrificans. Biotechnol. Bioengg., 47, 26-41.
WHO (2007). Nitrate and nitrite in drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva (WHO/SDE/WSH/07.01/16).
WHO, (1984). Drinking Water Quality Control in Small Community Supplies. In : Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (vol 3), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Zumft, W.G. (1997). Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 61, 533-616.
Pollution
Volume 3, Issue 1
January 2017
Pages 55-67

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics