Rapid ecological resilience assessment of urban forest parks: An alternative approach

Darabi, Hassan; Hamedi, Roghaye; Ehsani, Amirhoushang; Kafi, Mohsen

doi:10.22059/poll.2022.337087.1326

Rapid ecological resilience assessment of urban forest parks: An alternative approach

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

¹ Environmental Design Dept., School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Environmental Design, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Green space engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran

10.22059/poll.2022.337087.1326

Abstract

Abstract
Rising threats, such as climate change, have thus far resulted in disruptions to ecosystems. Therefore, ecological resilience (eco-resilience) to absorb such distractions and maintain the capacity of ecosystems has been the focal point of numerous studies. In most cases, the characteristics of ecosystems are considered as indicators shaping this type of resilience. In this study, an alternative approach was adopted to examine the performance and outcomes of an ecosystem instead of reflecting on affective factors. Therefore, the resilience index (RI) of an urban forest park was assessed using eco-functional indicators, such as eco-volume (Veco), eco-height (Heco), bio-volume (Vbio), and eco-volume (Veco). At first, the forest park zoning was done. Then, each of the introduced indicators was calculated based on its specific parameters. Finally, the RI of the urban forest park was premeditated. The results showed that each zone with more effective Veco, Heco, and Veco gained a higher score in terms of resilience. The obtained score for RI was thus the function of the current ecological state of each zone. The study conclusions also confirmed that the outputs of the applied framework could embody the main indicators of resilience assessments (viz. thresholds, adaptive capacity, and self-organization). The application of this model on a larger scale required further studies.

Keywords

References

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Rapid ecological resilience assessment of urban forest parks: An alternative approach

References

Adger, N. W., Arnell, N. W. and Tompkins, E. L. (2005). "Successful adaptation to climate change across scales." Glob Environ Change. 15(2): 77-86.

Afrianto, W. F., Wati, S. I. and Hidayatullah T.(2021). The suitability assessment of the tree species in the urban parks and urban forest in Kediri City, East Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience, 13(2). pp. 131-139.

Albrich, K., Rammer, W., Turner, M. G., Ratajczak, Z., Braziunas, K. H., Hansen, W. D. and Seidl, R. (2020). Simulating forest resilience: A review. Glob. Ecol, 29(12), 2082-2096.

Allen, C. R., Angeler, D. G., Cumming, G. S., Folke, C., Twidwell, D.and Uden, D. R. (2016). Quantifying spatial resilience. J Appl Ecol, 53(3), 625-635. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12634

Anderegg, W. R., Konings, A. G., Trugman, A. T., Yu, K., Bowling, D. R., Gabbitas, R., . . . and Sulman, B. N. (2018). Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought. Nature, 561(7724), 538-541.

Angeler, D. G. and Allen, C. R. (2016). Quantifying resilience. J Appl Ecol, 53(3), 617-624. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12649

Angeler, D. G., Fried-Petersen, H. B., Allen, C. R., Garmestani, A., Twidwell, D., Chuang, W. C., ... and Wonkka, C. L. (2019). Adaptive capacity in ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res, 60, 1-24.

Arianoutsou, M., Koukoulas, S. and Kazanis, D. (2011). Evaluating post-fire forest resilience using GIS and multi-criteria analysis: an example from Cape Sounion National Park, J. Environ. Manage, 47(3), 384-397.

Baho, D. L., Allen, C. R., Garmestani, A. S., Fried-Petersen, H. B., Renes, S. E., Gunderson, L. H. and Angeler, D. G (2017). A quantitative framework for assessing ecological resilience. Ecol. Soc: J. Integr. Environ. Sci., 22(3), 1-26.

Beisner, B. E., Haydon, D. T. and Cuddington, K. (2003). Alternative stable states in ecology. Front Ecol Environ, 1(7), 376-382.

Beller, E. E., Spotswood, E. N., Robinson, A. H., Anderson, M. G., Higgs, E. S., Hobbs, R. J., ... and Grossinger, R. M. (2019). Building ecological resilience in highly modified landscapes. J. Biosci., 69(1), 80-92.

Bone, C., Moseley, C., Vinyeta, K. and Bixler, R. P. (2016). Employing resilience in the United States forest service. Land Use Policy, 52, 430-438.

Bowditch, E. A., McMorran, R., Bryce, R. and Smith, M. (2019). Perception and partnership: Developing forest resilience on private estates. For Policy Econ, 99, 110-122.

Boyd, E., and Folke, C. (2011). Adapting Institutions: Governance, Complexity and Social-Ecological Resilience: Cambridge University Press.

Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O'Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., ... and Von Winterfeldt, D. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthq. Spectra, 19(4), 733-752.

Carpenter, Walker, B., Anderies, J. M. and Abel, N. (2001). From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems, 4(8), 765-781.

Darabi, H., Ehsani, A., and Kafi, M. (2018). Rapid Vulnerability Assessment of Lavizan Urban Forest Park. Pollut, 4(3), 417-428.

Darabi, H. and Saeedi, I. (2019). The Design of Resilient Green Spaces towards Adapting with Climate Change, Case Study Behesht Boulevard, Borujerd. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 21(9), 209-219.

Dardonville, M., Bockstaller, C. and Therond, O. (2020). Review of quantitative evaluations of the resilience, vulnerability, robustness and adaptive capacity of temperate agricultural systems. J. Clean. Prod, 125456.

Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., Nyström, M., Peterson, G., Bengtsson, J., Walker, B. and Norberg, J. (2003). Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience. Front Ecol Environ, 1(9), 488-494.

Ferro-Azcona, H., Espinoza-Tenorio, A., Calderón-Contreras, R., Ramenzoni, V. C., País, M. D. L. M. G. and Mesa-Jurado, M. A. (2019). Adaptive capacity and social-ecological resilience of coastal areas: A systematic review. Ocean Coast Manag, 173, 36-51.

Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Glob Environ Change, 16(3), 253-267.

Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T. and Rockstrom, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecol. Soc. 15(4).20.

Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P. and Norberg, J. (2005). Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Environ. Res., 30, 441-473.

Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L. and Holling, C. (2004). Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 557-581.

Garmestani, A., Twidwell, D., Angeler, D. G., Sundstrom, S., Barichievy, C., Chaffin, B. C. ... and Allen, C. R. (2020). Panarchy: opportunities and challenges for ecosystem management. Front Ecol Environ, 18(10), 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2281

Gunderson, L. and Allen, C. (2010). Why resilience? Why now. (In L. Gunderson, C. Allen, and C. Holling (Eds.), Foundations of Ecological Resilience; Island Press (pp. xiii-xxv)).

Gunderson, L. H. (2000). Ecological resilience in theory and application. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 31(1), 425-439.

Gunderson, L. H., Allen, C. R. and Holling, C. S. (2010). Foundations of ecological resilience: Island Press.

Hale, J. D., Pugh, T. A., Sadler, J. P., Boyko, C. T., Brown, J., Caputo, S., . . . and Hales, C.. (2015). Delivering a multi-functional and resilient urban forest. Sustainability, 7(4), 4600-4624.

Hall, C. and Knuth, M. (2019). An update of the literature supporting the well-being benefits of plants: A review of the emotional and mental health benefits of plants. J. Environ. Hortic., 37(1), 30-38.

Hasan, R., Othman, N. and Ismail, F. (2017). Tree Species Selection in Street Planting: It’s relationship with issues in urban area. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2(6), 185-194.

Hasan, R., Othman, N. and Ismail, F. (2018). Choosing tree for urban fabric: role of landscape architect. 6th AicQoL 2018 Perhentian Island, 03-04 March 2018/E-BPJ, 3 (7), 199-207.

Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 1-23.

Holling, C. S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience.(In: Schulze P. (Eds.) Engineering within ecological constraints. National Academies Press. 31: 31-43.)

Husti, A. M., Ioanacountiu, M. R., Neacsu, I., and Cantor, M. (2015). Psychological benefits of ornamental plants used in office environments. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 72(1), 101-107.

Janssens, M., Pohlan, J., Keutgen, N. and Torrico, J. (2009). Plants are not weight watchers but space invaders. Technology, Resource Management & Development Volume No, 115-122.

Janssens, M. J. J., Keutgen, N., and Pohlan, J. (2009). The Role of Bio-productivity on Bio-energy Yields. J. Agric. Rural Dev. Trop. Subtrop (JARTS), 110(1), 8.

Janssens, M. J.J., and Torrico, J. C. (2004). Eco-volume and bio-surface interplay with the universal scaling laws both in biology and in the Mata Atlantica. Seminário A Cooperação Brasil-Alemanha no Programa mata Atlântica. Teresopolis, 29 November, 3 December 2004p. 1-15.

Laboy, M. and Fannon, D. (2016). Resilience theory and praxis: a critical framework for architecture. Enquiry The ARCC Archit. Res. 13(1). 39-53.

Loreau, M., and Behera, N. (1999). Phenotypic diversity and stability of ecosystem processes. Theor. Popul. Biol. 56(1), 29-47.

Marchese, D., Reynolds, E., Bates, M. E., Morgan, H., Clark, S. S. and Linkov, I. (2018). Resilience and sustainability: Similarities and differences in environmental management applications. Sci. Total Environ, 613, 1275-1283.1. Meteorological Organization of Iran, 2021

McWethy, D. B., McWethy, D. B., Schoennagel, T., Higuera, P. E., Krawchuk, M., Harvey, B. J., Metcalf, E. C., ... and Kolden, C. (2019). Rethinking resilience to wildfire. Nat, 2(9), 797-804. doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0353-8

Mina, M., Messier, C., Duveneck, M., Fortin, M. J. and Aquilué, N. (2021). Network analysis can guide resilience‐based management in forest landscapes under global change. Ecol Appl, 31(1), e2221.

Mori, A. S. (2011). Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances: hierarchical context and non‐equilibrium paradigm. J Appl Ecol . 48(2), 280-292.

Nikinmaa, L., Lindner, M., Cantarello, E., Jump, A. S., Seidl, R., Winkel, G. and Muys, B. (2020). Reviewing the use of resilience concepts in forest sciences. Curr. For. Rep, 1-20.

Norberg, J. (2004). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: a complex adaptive systems approach. Limnol. Oceanogr., 49(4part2), 1269-1277.

Odum EP. (1969). The strategy of ecosystem development. Science, 164, 262-270.

Pandya, I. Y., Salvi, H., Chahar, O. and Vaghela, N. (2013). Quantitative analysis on carbon storage of 25 valuable tree species of Gujarat, Incredible India. Indian J. Sci. Res, 4(1), 137.

Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 11(5), 1633-1644.

Pérez-Luque, A. J., Gea-Izquierdo, G., and Zamora, R. (2021). Land-Use Legacies and Climate Change as a Double Challenge to Oak Forest Resilience: Mismatches of Geographical and Ecological Rear Edges. Ecosystems, 24(4), 755-773. doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00547-y

Reinmoeller, P. and Van Baardwijk, N. (2005). The link between diversity and resilience. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev, 46(4), 61

Schmitt, S., Maréchaux, I., Chave, J., Fischer, F. J., Piponiot, C., Traissac, S. and Hérault, B. (2020). Functional diversity improves tropical forest resilience: Insights from a long‐term virtual experiment. J. Ecol. J ECOL, 108(3), 831-843.

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Volume 8, Issue 3May 2022Pages 963-977

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Volume 8, Issue 3
May 2022
Pages 963-977