Evaluating the Potential of Duck Egg Shell for Methylene Blue Adsorption in Medical Laboratory Wastewater

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia

2 Department of Public Health, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia

3 Department of Health Information Management, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, West Sumatera, 25132, Indonesia

4 Department of Pharmacy, Fort De Kock University, Bukittinggi, West Sumatera, 26117, Indonesia

5 Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Serpong, South Tanggerang, 15314, Indonesia

6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B. 5025, Nigeria

10.22059/poll.2025.383528.2598

Abstract

It is important to develop an understanding of adsorbent performance in non-traditional wastewater streams like those from medical facilities. In this study, duck eggshell powder (DEP) was utilized for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and evaluated in medical laboratory wastewater. The effect of pH, initial MB concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process was investigated. The results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions were at pH 8, initial MB concentration of 80 mg.L-1, contact time of 30 min, and temperature of 298 K. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum uptake capacity of 5.991 mg.g-1 and removal efficiency of 97.34%. The thermodynamic process of adsorption was non-spontaneous and endothermic. FT-IR, XRF, SEM-EDX, and BET analysis confirmed the interactions between MB and DEP before and after adsorption. The adsorption process occurred through electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. This treatment was applied to medical laboratory wastewater with efficiency reaching 100% at optimum conditions (pH 8). The advantages of DEP are simple sample preparation, no need for additional precursors, and an abundant natural resource, thus providing an excellent opportunity for use as an adsorbent. Therefore, DEP has great potential as an effective adsorbent for removing MB dye from medical laboratory wastewater.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abdel-Khalek, M. A., Abdel Rahman, M. K., & Francis, A. A. (2017). Exploring the adsorption behavior of cationic and anionic dyes on industrial waste shells of egg. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5(1), 319–327.
Ahmad, M. A., Ahmed, N. B., Adegoke, K. A., & Bello, O. S. (2019). Sorption studies of methyl red dye removal using lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus). Chem. Data Collect., 22, 100249.
Ahmad, R., & Ejaz, M. O. (2024). Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution onto synthesized bentonite/silvernanoparticles-alginate (Bent/AgNPs-Alg) bio-nanocomposite. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery, 21(14), 27061–27076.
Ayalew, A. A., & Aragaw, T. A. (2020). Utilization of treated coffee husk as low-cost bio-sorbent for adsorption of methylene blue. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 38(5–6), 205–222.
Azari, A., Noorisepehr, M., Dehganifard, E., Karimyan, K., Hashemi, S. Y., Kalhori, E. M., Norouzi, R., Agarwal, S., & Gupta, V. K. (2019). Experimental design, modeling and mechanism of cationic dyes biosorption on to magnetic chitosan-lutaraldehyde composite. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 131, 633–645.
Baalamurugan, J., Ganesh Kumar, V., Naveen Prasad, B. S., & Govindaraju, K. (2020). Removal of cationic textile dye methylene blue (MB) using steel slag composite. Rasayan J. Chem., 13(2), 1014–1021.
Chen, S., Qin, C., Wang, T., Chen, F., Li, X., Hou, H., & Zhou, M. (2019). Study on the adsorption of dyestuffs with different properties by sludge-rice husk biochar: Adsorption capacity, isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamics and mechanism. J. Mol. Liq., 285, 62–74.
Cusioli, L. F., Quesada, H. B., Baptista, A. T. A., Gomes, R. G., & Bergamasco, R. (2020). Soybean hulls as a low-cost biosorbent for removal of methylene blue contaminant. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 39(2), e13328.
Dahlan, N. A., Lee, L. W., Pushpamalar, J., & Ng, S. L. (2019). Adsorption of methylene blue onto carboxymethyl sago pulp-immobilized sago waste hydrogel beads. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16(4), 2047–2058.
Dutta, S., Adhikary, S., Bhattacharya, S., Roy, D., Chatterjee, S., Chakraborty, A., Banerjee, D., Ganguly, A., Nanda, S., & Rajak, P. (2024). Contamination of textile dyes in aquatic environment: Adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystem and human health, and its management using bioremediation. J. Environ. Manage., 353(February), 120103.
Fadhil, D. H., Al-Hussin, A., & Yousif, E. (2019). Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Water using Ecofriendly Waste Product (Eggshell) as an Adsorbent and Using the Optimum Adsorption Conditions with Real Water Sample from Tigris River. Al-Nahrain J. Sci., 22(1), 9–14.
Gupta, N. K., Gupta, A., Ramteke, P., Sahoo, H., & Sengupta, A. (2019). Biosorption-a green method for the preconcentration of rare earth elements (REEs) from waste solutions: A review. J. Mol. Liq., 274, 148–164.
Handayani, T., Emriadi, Deswati, Ramadhani, P., & Zein, R. (2024). Modelling studies of methylene blue dye removal using activated corn husk waste: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation. South African J. Chem. Eng., 47(January), 15–27.
Handayani, T., Emriadi, E., Deswati, D., Ramadhani, P., & Zein, R. (2023). Effective removal of indigo carmine in aqueous solutions using a low-cost adsorbent developed from corn husk waste: synthesis, batch, and optimization studies. Pollution, 9(4), 1396–1413.
Hanifah, H. N., Hadisoebroto, G., Cunayah, C., Alma, D., & Dani, K. (2024). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Calcined Chicken and Duck Eggshells as Zn Metal Adsorbent Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric. Indones. J. Chem., 24(4), 939–950.
Harrache, Z., Abbas, M., Aksil, T., & Trari, M. (2019). Thermodynamic and kinetics studies on adsorption of Indigo Carmine from aqueous solution by activated carbon. Microchem. J., 144, 180–189.
Hasan, R., Chong, C. C., Setiabudi, H. D., Jusoh, R., & Jalil, A. A. (2019). Process optimization of methylene blue adsorption onto eggshell–treated palm oil fuel ash. Environ. Technol. Innov., 13, 62–73.
Hevira, L., Rahmi, A., Zein, R., Zilfa, Z., & Rahmayeni, R. (2020). The fast and of low-cost-adsorbent to the removal of cationic and anionic dye using chicken eggshell with its membrane. Mediterr. J. Chem., 10(3), 294–301.
Hevira, L., Zilfa, Rahmayeni, Ghalo, J. O., Aziz, H., & Zein, R. (2021). Terminalia catappa shell as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 97, 188–199.
Hevira, L., Zilfa, Rahmayeni, Ighalo, J. O., & Zein, R. (2020). Biosorption of indigo carmine from aqueous solution by Terminalia Catappa shell. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8(5), 104290.
Iwuozor, K. O., Ighalo, J. O., Adewale, L., George, A., & Adaobi, C. (2021). An empirical literature analysis of adsorbent performance for methylene blue uptake from aqueous media. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(4), 105658.
Jóźwiak, T., Filipkowska, U., Struk-Sokołowska, J., Bryszewski, K., Trzciński, K., Kuźma, J., & Ślimkowska, M. (2021). The use of spent coffee grounds and spent green tea leaves for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. Sci. Rep., 11(1), 1–12.
Juzsakova, T., Salman, A. D., Abdullah, T. A., Rasheed, R. T., Al-shaikhly, R. R., Sluser, B., & Cretescu, I. (2023). Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Mixture of Reused Silica Gel Desiccant and Natural Sand or Eggshell Waste. Materials (Basel)., 16(1618), 1–23.
Kamal, A. K. I., Ahmed, F., Alam, M., & Uddin, M. N. (2015). Removal of methylene blue dye by burned coal from brick field and eggshell as an adsorbent. J. Biodivers. Environ. Sci., 6(2), 148–155.
Khan, I., Saeed, K., Zekker, I., Zhang, B., Hendi, A. H., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, S., Zada, N., Ahmad, H., Shah, L. A., Shah, T., & Khan, I. (2022). Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation. Water, 14(242), 1–30.
Kishor, R., Purchase, D., Dattatraya, G., Ganesh, R., Fernando, L., Ferreira, R., Bilal, M., Chandra, R., & Naresh, R. (2021). Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(2), 105012.
Kumar, K. V. (2006). Linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption kinetics of methylene blue onto activated carbon. J. Hazard. Mater., 137(3), 1538–1544.
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., & Stavropoulos, A. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution : A Review. Front. Public Heal., 8(February), 1–13.
Mashkoor, F., & Nasar, A. (2020). Magnetized Tectona grandis sawdust as a novel adsorbent: preparation, characterization, and utilization for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Cellulose, 27(5), 2613–2635.
Mbarki, F., Kesraoui, A., Seffen, M., & Ayrault, P. (2018). Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Adsorption Behavior of Cationic and Anionic Dyes onto Corn Stigmata: Nonlinear and Stochastic Analyses. Water. Air. Soil Pollut., 229(95), 1–17.
Munagapati, V. S., Wen, H.-Y., Wen, J.-C., Gutha, Y., Tian, Z., Reddy, G. M., & Garcia, J. R. (2022). Anionic congo red dye removal from aqueous medium using Turkey tail ( Trametes versicolor ) fungal biomass: adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, reusability, and characterization. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol., 43(13), 1785–1798.
Ngadi, N., Chiek Ee, C., & Yusoff, N. A. (2013). Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Using Eggshell Powder. J. Teknol., 65(1), 63–71.
Olusakin, P., Oladiran, T., Oyinkansola, E., & Joel, O. (2022). Results in Engineering Methylene blue dye : Toxicity and potential elimination technology from wastewater. Results Eng., 16(September), 100678.
Plessis, A. (2022). Persistent degradation : Global water quality challenges and required actions. One Earth, 5(2), 129–131.
Polat, K., & Bursali, E. A. (2021). Kinetic and equilibrium studies of methylene blue adsorption on functionalized polymethyl methacrylate in polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropolypropylene matrix. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 18(12), 3943–3950.
Putra, A., Arman, E., Fitri, W. E., Mayaserli, D. P., Putra, A. Y., & Febria, F. A. (2024). Risks and Impacts of Chromium Metals on Human and Ecosystem Health : A Systematic Literature Review. Al-Kimia, 12(1), 91–102.
Putra, A., Fauzia, S., Deswati, Arief, S., & Zein, R. (2022). Preparation, characterization, and adsorption performance of activated rice straw as a bioadsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution using a batch method. Desalin. Water Treat., 264(July), 121–132.
Putra, A., Fauzia, S., Deswati, D., Arief, S., & Zein, R. (2024). The potential of duck egg white as a modifier for activated rice straw to enhance Cr(VI) ions adsorption in an aqueous solution. South African J. Chem. Eng., 48(February), 204–213.
Putra, A., & Fitri, W. E. (2021). Effectivity Removal of Cadmium Toxic Metals from Leachate Using Chlorella Vulgaris Non-Living Cell. Int. Conf. Nursing, Midwifery, Med. Lab. Technol. Public Heal. Heal. Inf. Manag. (SeSICNiMPH 2021), 39(Advances in Health Sciences Research), 345–349.
Putri, K. N. A., Keereerak, A., & Chinpa, W. (2020). Novel cellulose-based biosorbent from lemongrass leaf combined with cellulose acetate for adsorption of crystal violet. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 156, 762–772.
Sadegh, H., & Mazloumbilandi, M. (2017). Low-Cost Materials with Adsorption Performance. Springer International Publishing.
Schuijt, L. M., Peng, F., Berg, S. J. P. Van Den, Dingemans, M. M. L., & Brink, P. J. Van Den. (2021). ( Eco ) toxicological tests for assessing impacts of chemical stress to aquatic ecosystems : Facts , challenges , and future. Sci. Total Environ., 795, 148776.
Shetty, S. S., Deepthi, D., Harshitha, S., Sonkusare, S., Naik, P. B., N, S. K., & Madhyastha, H. (2023). Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. Heliyon, 9(9), e19496.
Silva, J. A. (2023). Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Sustainable Water Resources Management : A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15(10940), 1–31.
Tripathi, M., Singh, S., Pathak, S., Kasaudhan, J., & Mishra, A. (2023). Recent Strategies for the Remediation of Textile Dyes from. Toxics, 11(940), 1–25.
Warren-vega, W. M., & Campos-rodr, A. (2023). A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent : Trends and Perspectives in Detection , Health Risks , and Treatment Technologies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20(4499), 1–18.
Yirong, C., & Vaurs, L. P. (2019). Wasted salted duck eggshells as an alternative adsorbent for phosphorus removal. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7(6), 103443.
Yusuff, A. S. (2019). Adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution using composite chicken eggshell - Anthill clay: Optimization of adsorbent preparation conditions. Acta Polytech., 59(2), 192–202.
Zein, R., Purnomo, J. S., Ramadhani, P., Alif, M. F., & Safni, S. (2022). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) leaves biowaste as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue dyes removal: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Sep. Sci. Technol., 57(15), 2341–2357.
Zhai, Q.-Z., Dong, Y., Liu, H., & Wang, Q.-S. (2019). Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto nano SBA-15 mesoporous material from aqueous media: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies. Desalin. Water Treat., 158, 330–342.
Pollution
Volume 11, Issue 3
July 2025
Pages 828-845

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics