Dynamic Modeling of Urban Passenger Car Emissions in Tehran Based on VSP and the IVE Model

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Environmental Technologies, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Shahid Beheshti university

10.22059/poll.2025.395271.2934

Abstract

The growing emissions from light-duty vehicles threaten both public health and urban environmental sustainability. This study analyzed second-by-second speed and acceleration data from 16 routes (2 residential, 8 urban, 6 highway) in Tehran using the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) index within the IVE model. Average speeds during four peak times (8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 23:00) varied from 14.0–25.97 km/h (residential), 10.62–42.13 km/h (urban), and 16.43–67.15 km/h (highways). VSP values were mostly concentrated in bins 8–14, indicating frequent acceleration and stop-go patterns. Emission estimates per kilometer were: CO (0.47–0.57 g), NOₓ (0.11–0.23 g), CO₂ (240.7–411.5 g), VOC (0.13–0.19 g), and NMVOC (0.12–0.18 g). The highest CO₂ and NOₓ emissions occurred during peak hours when VSP clustered around 8–10, reflecting sharp acceleration and deceleration. During off-peak hours (VSP≥12), emissions dropped by 40–50% due to smoother traffic flow. These findings show that integrating VSP analysis with IVE modeling, while considering temporal and spatial variations, improves the accuracy of dynamic emission predictions. The approach supports the development of smart traffic policies, optimized signal timing, and effective air quality management strategies for large urban areas

Keywords

Main Subjects

Pollution

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 December 2025

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